The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter

Abstract

The Galactic Center of the Milky Way, thanks to its proximity, allows to perform astronomical observations that investigate physical phenomena at the edge of astrophysics and fundamental physics. As such, it offers a unique laboratory to probe gravity, where one can not only test the basic predictions of General Relativity, but is also able to falsify theories that, over time, have been proposed to modify or extend General Relativity; to test different paradigms of dark matter; and to place constraints on putative models that have been formulated as alternatives to the standard black hole paradigm in General Relativity. In this review we provide a general overview of the history of observations of the Galactic Center, emphasizing the importance, in particular on the smallest-observable scales, that they had in opening a new avenue to improve our understanding of the underlying theory of gravity in the surrounding of a supermassive compact object.

arXiv commentComments and suggestions are welcome. Revised version to appear in Reports on Progress in Physics

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• Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries in the Galactic Center
• Age and mass segregation of multiple stellar populations in galactic nuclei and their observational signatures
• The Flux Distribution of Sgr A*
• On Testing the Kerr Metric of the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center via Stellar Orbital Motion: Full General Relativistic Treatment
• Probing hybrid modified gravity by stellar motion around Galactic Centre
• Origin of the S Stars in the Galactic Center
• Constraints on tidal charge of the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center with trajectories of bright stars
• $f(R)$-gravity after the detection of the orbital precession of the S2 star around the Galactic centre massive black hole
• Sgr A${}^{\ast }$: a laboratory to measure the central black hole and cluster parameters
• The geodesic motion of S2 and G2 as a test of the fermionic dark matter nature of our galactic core
• Dark-Matter-Induced Weak Equivalence Principle Violation
• Signature of an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Central Molecular Zone of Our Galaxy
• Numerical simulations of the possible origin of the two sub-parsec scale and counter-rotating stellar disks around SgrA*
• Constraining the range of Yukawa gravity interaction from S2 star orbits III: improvement expectations for graviton mass bounds
• The Dense Gas Fraction in Galactic Center Clouds
• TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics (THEZA): ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper
• Hydrodynamical simulations of a compact source scenario for the Galactic Center cloud G2
• Monitoring the Dusty S-Cluster Object (DSO/G2) on its Orbit towards the Galactic Center Black Hole
• Imaging Black Holes and Jets with a VLBI Array Including Multiple Space-Based Telescopes
• Formation and evolution of nuclear star clusters with in-situ star-formation: Nuclear cores and age segregation
• Constraints on a tidal charge of the supermassive black hole in M87* with the EHT observations in April 2017
• Systolic and Hyper-Systolic Algorithms for the Gravitational N-Body Problem, with an Application to Brownian Motion
• Constraining Extended Gravity Models by S2 star orbits around the Galactic Centre
• GC-IRS13E - A puzzling association of three early-type stars
• Stellar dynamical evidence against a cold disc origin for stars in the Galactic Centre
• Novel constraints on fermionic dark matter from galactic observables I: The Milky Way
• Millimetre-wave Emission from an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Milky Way
• Long-term classical and general relativistic effects on the radial velocities of the stars orbiting Sgr A*
• Distinguishing gravitational and emission physics in black-hole imaging: spherical symmetry
• Gravitational Lensing of stars in the central arcsecond of our Galaxy
• Probing Cosmic Ray Transport with Radio Synchrotron Harps in the Galactic Center
• Cluster Core Dynamics at the Galactic Center
• Towards relativistic orbit fitting of Galactic center stars and pulsars
• Kinematic Structure of the Galactic Center S-cluster
• Metrics and Motivations for Earth-Space VLBI: Time-Resolving Sgr A* with the Event Horizon Telescope
• The dark mass signature in the orbit of S2
• Iharm3D: Vectorized General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
• Modified gravity revealed along geodesic tracks
• High Spectral Resolution Observations of the Massive Stars in the Galactic Center
• A model for a dark matter core at the galactic center
• Constraining f(R) gravity with PLANCK data on galaxy cluster profiles
• Mapping the Outer Edge of the Young Stellar Cluster in the Galactic Center
• Accurate mapping of spherically symmetric black holes in a parameterised framework
• Comparing timelike geodesics around a Kerr black hole and a boson star
• Indication of Another Intermediate-mass Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• Studying Black Holes on Horizon Scales with VLBI Ground Arrays
• The galactic center black hole as a possible retro-lens for the S2 orbiting star
• Observing gravitational lensing effects by Sgr A* with GRAVITY
• Constraints on $R^n$ gravity from precession of orbits of S2-like stars: a case of a bulk distribution of mass
• Estimating the parameters of the Sgr A* black hole
• Observation of S4716 -- a Star with a 4 yr Orbit around Sgr A*
• Why Do AGN Lighthouses Switch Off?
• Gas Density, Stability, and Starbursts Near the Inner Lindblad Resonance of the Milky Way
• Constraining Non-local Gravity by S2 star orbits
• The Post-Pericenter Evolution of the Galactic Center Source G2
• Relativistic redshift effects and the Galactic-center stars
• Prospects for constraining the spin of the massive black hole at the Galactic center via the relativistic motion of a surrounding star
• Spitzer/IRAC Observations of the Variability of Sgr A* and the Object G2 at 4.5 microns
• Detection of faint stars near SgrA* with GRAVITY
• The motion of stars near the Galactic center: A comparison of the black hole and fermion ball scenarios
• Trojan Stars in the Galactic Center
• Unveiling the nature of SgrA* with the geodesic motion of S-stars
• A star disrupted by a stellar black hole as the origin of the cloud falling toward the Galactic center
• Compact Radio Sources within 30" of Sgr A*: Proper Motions, Stellar Winds and the Accretion Rate onto Sgr A*
• Estimating the Parameters of Extended Gravity Theories with the Schwarzschild Precession of S2 Star
• Microlensing by Stellar Black Holes Around Sgr A*
• The Galactic Center: An Improved Astrometric Reference Frame for Stellar Orbits around the Supermassive Black Hole
• Supermassive black holes coalescence mediated by massive perturbers: implications for gravitational waves emission and nuclear cluster formation
• Implications of a Scalar Dark Force for Terrestrial Experiments
• Using space-VLBI to probe gravity around Sgr A*
• The Effectiveness of the Kozai Mechanism in the Galactic Centre
• The Intrinsic Shape of Sagittarius A* at 3.5-mm Wavelength
• Are nonsingular black holes with super-Planckian hair ruled out by S2 star data?
• Probing the spinning of the massive black hole in the Galactic Center via pulsar timing: A Full Relativistic Treatment
• Frame-dragging and the kinematics of Galactic-Center stars
• Weighing of the Dark Matter at the Center of the Galaxy
• A $f(R)$-gravity model of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich profile of the Coma cluster compatible with {\it Planck} data
• Strange stars in $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity Palatini formalism and gravitational wave echoes from them
• Dynamics and Observational Signatures of Shell-like Black Hole Mimickers
• Testing Born-Infeld $f(T)$ teleparallel gravity through Sgr A${}^{\star }$ observations
• Clocks around Sgr A*
• Probing spacetime and accretion model for the Galactic Center: Comparison of Kerr and dilaton black hole shadows
• Probing the physical and mathematical structure of $f(R)$ gravity by PSR $J0348+0432$
• Post-Keplerian effects on radial velocity in binary systems and the possibility of measuring General Relativity with the S2 star in 2018
• The origin of S-stars and a young stellar disk: distribution of debris stars of a sinking star cluster
• Exact expressions for the pericenter precession caused by some Dark Matter distributions and constraints on them from orbital motions in the Solar System, in the double pulsar and in the Galactic center
• Stellar Orbit Constraints on Neutralino Annihilation at the Galactic Center
• A VLA Polarimetric Study of the Galactic Center Radio Arc: Characterizing Polarization, Rotation Measure, and Magnetic Field Properties
• Galactic Center IRS13E: Colliding Stellar Winds or an Intermediate Mass Black Hole?
• Modified Gravity (MOG), Cosmology and Black Holes
• Testing f(R) gravity models with quasar X-ray and UV fluxes
• Searching for pulsars in the Galactic Centre at 3 and 2 mm
• Exact theory for the Rezzolla-Zhidenko metric and self-consistent calculation of quasinormal modes
• First 230 GHz VLBI Fringes on 3C 279 using the APEX Telescope
• Testing the Galactic Centre potential with S-stars
• $f(R)$ gravity modifications: from the action to the data
• On the post-Keplerian corrections to the orbital periods of a two-body system and their application to the Galactic Center
• Ultralight scalars and resonances in black-hole physics
• Testing Horndeski gravity with S2 star orbit
• Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
• The apparent tail of the Galactic center object G2/DSO
• MeqSilhouette v2: Spectrally-resolved polarimetric synthetic data generation for the Event Horizon Telescope
• Theory and phenomenology of a four dimensional string-corrected black hole
• The Discovery of Sgr A*
• $f(T)$ Cosmology with Nonzero Curvature
• Response to: Comment on "Orbital precession of the S2 star in scalar-tensor-vector gravity"
• The influence of dense gas rings on the dynamics of a stellar disk in the Galactic center
• An energetic high-velocity compact cloud: CO$-$0.31+0.11
• Monitoring lensed starlight emitted close to the Galactic Center
• Weighing the IMBH candidate CO-0.40-0.22* in the Galactic Centre
• Unscreening of f(R) gravity near the galactic center black hole: Testability through pericenter shift below S0-2's orbit
• Dynamics of dwarf galaxies in $f(R)$ gravity
• Probing the spin of the central black hole in the galactic centre with secondary images
• The secular evolution of a uniform density star cluster immersed in a compressible galactic tidal field
• rPICARD: A CASA-based Calibration Pipeline for VLBI Data. Calibration and imaging of 7 mm VLBA observations of the AGN jet in M87

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Quasinormal modes-shadow correspondence for rotating regular black holes
• Exploring dark matter spike distribution around the Galactic centre with stellar orbits
• Using the motion of S2 to constrain scalar clouds around SgrA*
• Bounding the mass of ultralight bosonic Dark Matter particles with the motion of the S2 star around Sgr A*
• Constraints on metric-affine gravity black holes from the stellar motion at the Galactic Center
• Observational test of ${\mathcal{R}}^2$ spacetimes with the S2 star in the Milky Way galactic center
• Future prospects for measuring 1PPN parameters using observations of S2 and S62 at the Galactic Center
• Exploring the presence of a fifth force at the Galactic Center
• Effect of generic dark matter halo on transonic accretion onto galactic black holes
• PyGRO: a Python Integrator for General Relativistic Orbits
• Neural Network Analysis of S2-Star Dynamics: Extended mass
• Shedding Light on Gravity: Black Hole Shadows and Lensing Signatures in Lorentz Gauge Theory
• Constraining Gluonic Contact Interaction of a Neutrino-philic Dark Fermion at Hadron Colliders and Direct Detection Experiments
• Gravitational signatures beyond Newton: exploring hierarchical three-body dynamics
• Sagittarius A* near-infrared flares polarization as a probe of space-time I: Non-rotating exotic compact objects
• Timing Gravity with Pulsars in the Strong Field
• Detecting Lorentz-violation induced by a tensor field with S-star's motion around Sgr A*