First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole

Abstract

We present measurements of the properties of the central radio source in M87 using Event Horizon Telescope data obtained during the 2017 campaign. We develop and fit geometric crescent models (asymmetric rings with interior brightness depressions) using two independent sampling algorithms that consider distinct representations of the visibility data. We show that the crescent family of models is statistically preferred over other comparably complex geometric models that we explore. We calibrate the geometric model parameters using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of the emission region and estimate physical properties of the source. We further fit images generated from GRMHD models directly to the data. We compare the derived emission region and black hole parameters from these analyses with those recovered from reconstructed images. There is a remarkable consistency among all methods and data sets. We find that >50% of the total flux at arcsecond scales comes from near the horizon, and that the emission is dramatically suppressed interior to this region by a factor >10, providing direct evidence of the predicted shadow of a black hole. Across all methods, we measure a crescent diameter of 42+/-3 micro-as and constrain its fractional width to be <0.5. Associating the crescent feature with the emission surrounding the black hole shadow, we infer an angular gravitational radius of GM/Dc2 = 3.8+/- 0.4 micro-as. Folding in a distance measurement of 16.8(+0.8,-0.7) Mpc gives a black hole mass of M = 6.5 +/- 0.2(stat) +/-0.7(sys) 10^9 Msun. This measurement from lensed emission near the event horizon is consistent with the presence of a central Kerr black hole, as predicted by the general theory of relativity.

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• The generalized uncertainty principle effect in acoustic black holes
• Constraining the Generalized Uncertainty Principle with the light twisted by rotating black holes and M87*
• Light echos and coherent autocorrelations in a black hole spacetime
• Density spikes near black holes in self-interacting dark matter halos and indirect detection constraints
• Tidal response and near-horizon boundary conditions for spinning exotic compact objects
• M87: a cosmic laboratory for deciphering black hole accretion and jet formation
• Detecting Axion Dark Matter with Black Hole Polarimetry
• Parameter constraints on a black hole with Minkowski core through quasiperiodic oscillations
• Retrograde Polish Doughnuts around Boson Stars
• Thin accretion disk and shadow of Kerr-Sen black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion gravity
• Exact solution for wave scattering from black holes: Formulation
• Enabling Transformational ngEHT Science via the Inclusion of 86 GHz Capabilities
• Shadows in dyonic Kerr-Sen black holes
• Magnetic Reconnection in Black-Hole Magnetospheres: Lepton Loading into Jets, Superluminal Radio Blobs, and Multi-wavelength Flares
• Signatures of the accelerating black holes with a cosmological constant from the ${\text{Sgr A}}^{\star }$ and ${\text{M87}}^{\star }$ shadow prospects
• A quantum-corrected approach to black hole radiation via a tunneling process
• The shadows of accelerating Kerr-Newman black hole and constraints from M87*
• Kerr-Newman Black Holes in Weyl-Cartan Theory: Shadows and EHT constraints
• Gaussian tripartite steering in Schwarzschild black hole
• Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid
• Strong lensing by DHOST black holes
• Axial gravitational quasinormal modes of a self-dual black hole in loop quantum gravity
• A Lensing-Band Approach to Spacetime Constraints
• AGN STORM 2. III. A NICER view of the variable X-ray obscurer in Mrk 817
• Implications from the velocity profile of the M87 jet: a possibility of a slowly rotating black hole magnetosphere
• Quasinormal modes for non-minimally coupled scalar fields in regular black hole spacetimes: Grey-body factors, Area spectrum and Shadow radius
• Flares and their echoes can help distinguish photon rings from black holes with space-Earth very long baseline interferometry
• On the weak-gravity bound for a shift-symmetric scalar field
• The jet and resolved features of the central supermassive black hole of M 87 observed with EHT
• Quantum gravity lights up spinning black holes
• Testing the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for a Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
• Topology of Born-Infeld-AdS Black Hole Phase Transitions: Bulk and CFT Sides
• The Role of Adaptive Ray Tracing in Analyzing Black Hole Structure
• Quasinormal Modes in Noncommutative Schwarzschild black holes
• Bound Orbits and Gravitational Wave Radiation Around the Hairy Black Hole
• Quasinormal modes of charged black holes in higher-dimensional Einstein-power-Maxwell theory
• Traversable Wormholes in Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg Gravity: Geometry, Energy Conditions, and Gravitational Lensing
• alpha-Deep Probabilistic Inference (alpha-DPI): efficient uncertainty quantification from exoplanet astrometry to black hole feature extraction
• Bremsstrahlung in GRMHD models of accreting black holes
• Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Schwarzschild Black Hole Surrounded by Perfect Fluid Dark Matter in the presence of Quintessence Matter Field
• Inferring the Intermediate Mass Black Hole Number Density from Gravitational Wave Lensing Statistics
• Dual-high-frequency VLBI study of blazar-jet brightness-temperature gradients and collimation profiles
• Generalized Oppenheimer-Snyder Gravitational Collapse into Regular Black holes
• Cuspy and fractured black hole shadows in a toy model with axisymmetry
• East Asian VLBI Network Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei Jets: Imaging with KaVA+Tianma+Nanshan
• Near-Horizon Polarization as a Diagnostic of Black Hole Spacetime
• How different are shadows of compact objects with and without horizons?
• The quasinormal modes, pseudospectrum and time evolution of Proca fields in quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder-de Sitter spacetime
• Rotating Black Hole in Kalb-Ramond Gravity: Constraining Parameters by Comparison with EHT Observations of Sgr A* and M87*
• The Variability of the Black-Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Time Scale
• Long-Lived Quasinormal Modes and Quasi-Resonances around Non-Minimal Einstein-Yang-Mills Black Holes
• Investigating strong gravitational lensing with black hole metrics modified with an additional term
• Distinguishing a Slowly Accelerating Black Hole by Differential Time Delays of Images
• Probing Intermediate Mass Black Holes in M87 through Multi-Wavelength Gravitational Wave Observations
• Charged particle motions near non-Schwarzschild black holes with external magnetic fields in modified theories of gravity
• Toward the Gravitational Redshift Detection in NGC 4258 and the Estimation of its Black Hole Mass-to-Distance Ratio
• Kerr spacetime geometric optics for vortex beams
• Testing black hole equatorial reflection symmetry using Sgr A* shadow images
• Quasinormal modes, temperatures and greybody factors of black holes in a generalized Rastall gravity theory
• Hybrid mapping of the Black Hole Shadow in M87
• Disformal map and Petrov classification in modified gravity
• The Axial Gravitational Ringing of a Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Surrounded by Dark Matter Spike
• AGN STORM 2: II. Ultraviolet Observations of Mrk817 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope
• Shadow of quantum extended Kruskal black hole and its super-radiance property
• Gravitational atoms in the braneworld scenario
• Toward General-Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations in Stationary Non-Vacuum Spacetimes
• Survey of Radiative, Two-Temperature Magnetically Arrested Simulations of the Black Hole M87* I: Turbulent Electron Heating
• A Characterization of the ALMA Phasing System at 345 GHz
• Non-linear evolutions of magnetised thick discs around black holes: dependence on the initial data
• Loop Quantum Gravity motivated multihorizon rotating black holes
• GUP-corrected black holes: Thermodynamic properties, evaporation time and shadow constraint from EHT Observations of M87* and Sgr A*
• Analysis of Orbital Configurations for Millimetron Space Observatory
• Strong deflection of massive particles in spherically symmetric spacetimes
• OzDES Reverberation Mapping Program: Lag recovery reliability for 6-year CIV analysis
• Mass parameter and the bounds on redshifts and blueshifts of photons emitted from geodesic particle orbiting in the vicinity of regular black holes
• Proca theory of four-dimensional regularized Gauss-Bonnet gravity and black holes with primary hair
• Superradiance of massive scalar particles around rotating regular black holes
• Shadow Geometry of Kerr Naked Singularities
• Observational tests of quantum extension of Schwarzschild spacetime in loop quantum gravity with stars in the galactic center
• Discovery of Limb Brightening in the Parsec-scale Jet of NGC 315 through Global Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observations and Its Implications for Jet Models
• Gravitoelectromagnetic coupled perturbations and quasinormal modes of a charged black hole with scalar hair
• Observability of the innermost stable circular orbit in a near-extremal Kerr black hole
• 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: Massless particles and absorption of planar spin-0 waves
• Spherical Accretion Flow onto General Parameterized Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Spacetimes
• Testing horizon topology with electromagnetic observations
• MeqSilhouette v2: Spectrally-resolved polarimetric synthetic data generation for the Event Horizon Telescope
• Geodesics, accretion disk, gravitational lensing, time delay, and effects on neutrinos induced by a non-commutative black hole
• Shadow thermodynamics of non-linear charged Anti-de Sitter black holes
• Evolution of Anti-de Sitter black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory
• Invariants in Co-polar Interferometry: an Abelian Gauge Theory
• Geometrical origins of the Universe dark sector: string-inspired torsion and anomalies as seeds for inflation and dark matter
• Particle motion and tidal force in a non-vacuum-charged naked singularity
• Constraining primordial black holes as a fraction of dark matter through accretion disk luminosity
• On new regular charged black hole solutions: Limiting Curvature Condition, Quasinormal modes and Shadows
• Shadows and accretion disk images of charged rotating black hole in modified gravity theory
• Observational Appearance of a Freely-falling Star in an Asymmetric Thin-shell Wormhole
• Scale-dependent slowly rotating black holes with flat horizon structure
• Blacklight: A General-Relativistic Ray-Tracing and Analysis Tool
• Chaotic photon orbits and shadows of a non-Kerr object described by the Hartle-Thorne spacetime
• A general relativistic mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes
• Antisymmetric tensor influence on charged black hole lensing phenomena and time delay
• Testing space-time geometries and theories of gravity at the Galactic Center with pulsar's time delay
• New test on the Einstein equivalence principle through the photon ring of black holes
• Quasinormal modes and the correspondence with shadow in black holes with a deficit solid angle and quintessence-like matter
• Shadow thermodynamics of the Hayward-AdS black hole
• Shadows and rings of a de Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole
• The Influence of Uniform Magnetic Fields on Strong Field Gravitational Lensing by Kerr Black Holes
• Probing Plasma Physics with Spectral Index Maps of Accreting Black Holes on Event Horizon Scales
• Thermodynamics, Weak Gravitational Lensing, and Parameter Estimation of a Schwarzschild Black Hole Immersed in Hernquist Dark Matter Halo
• Test the Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture in Torus-Like Black Hole under Charged Scalar Field
• Hybrid GRMHD and Force-Free Simulations of Black Hole Accretion
• The future ability to test theories of gravity with black-hole shadows
• Dressed black holes in the new tensor-vector-scalar theory
• Transforming singular black holes into regular black holes sourced by nonlinear electrodynamics
• Measuring the Ellipticity of M 87* Images
• Quadrupole instability of static scalarized black holes
• Shadows and quasinormal modes of a charged non-commutative black hole by different methods
• Scalar Hairy Black Holes with Inverted Mexican Hat Potential
• Photon Emission Near Myers-Perry Black Holes in the Large Dimension Limit
• Shadow behavior of an EMSG charged black hole
• Comparing thin accretion disk properties of naked singularities and black holes
• Finite Action Principle and Horava-Lifshitz Gravity: early universe, black holes and wormholes
• Resonance crossing of a charged body in a magnetized Kerr background: an analogue of extreme mass ratio inspiral
• Testing the linear relationship between black hole mass and variability timescale in low-luminosity AGN at submillimeter wavelengths
• Conditions for direct black hole seed collapse near a radio-loud quasar 1 Gyr after the Big Bang
• Non-commutativity in Hayward spacetime
• Bayesian approach to radio frequency interference mitigation
• Geodesic analysis and black hole shadows on a general non--extremal rotating black hole in five--dimensional gauged supergravity
• Geodesics and scalar perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes embedded in a Dehnen-type dark matter halo with quintessence
• Shadow Thermodynamics of AdS Black Hole with the Nonlinear Electrodynamics Term
• Genuine tripartite entanglement of W state subject to Hawking effect of a Schwarzschild black hole
• Gap-type Particle Acceleration in the Magnetospheres of Rotating Supermassive Black Holes
• Orbital configurations of spaceborne interferometers for studying photon rings of supermassive black holes
• Affine perturbation series of the deflection angle of a ray near the photon sphere of a Reissner-Nordström black hole
• Shadows and Properties of Spin-Induced Scalarized Black Holes with and without a Ricci Coupling
• The Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration: History, Philosophy, and Culture
• Light from Schwarzschild Black Holes in de Sitter expanding universe
• Optical appearance of numerical black hole solutions in higher derivative gravity
• Novel regular black holes: geometry, source and shadow
• Influence of dark matter equation of state on the axial gravitational ringing of supermassive black holes
• Thin accretion disk images of the black hole in symmergent gravity
• Distinguishing black holes with and without spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories via optical features
• Absorption by deformed black holes
• Is a photon ring invariably a closed structure?
• RAIKOU: A General Relativistic, Multi-wavelength Radiative Transfer Code
• Influence of plasma on the optical appearance of spinning black hole in Kalb-Ramond gravity and its Existence around M87* and Sgr A*
• Spectral index-mass accretion rate correlation and evaluation of black hole masses in AGNs 3C~454.3 and M87
• Iterative solutions for the gravitational lens equation in the strong deflection limit
• Shadow of the wormholelike static aether solution
• Parameter estimation of Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson black holes using their shadows
• A multi-frequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Constraints on the black-hole charges of M87* and Sagittarius A* by changing rates of photon spheres can be relaxed
• Principal-Component Interferometric Modeling (PRIMO), an Algorithm for EHT Data I: Reconstructing Images from Simulated EHT Observations
• Revisiting the black hole mass of M87* using VLT/MUSE Adaptive Optics Integral Field Unit data I: Ionized gas kinematics
• Determination of the spin parameter and the inclination angle by the relativistic images in black hole image
• Constraining modified gravity theories with scalar fields using black-hole images
• Bayesian Black Hole Photogrammetry
• Detection of very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the radio galaxy M87 with LHAASO
• Deciphering signatures of Bardeen black holes from the observed quasi-periodic oscillations
• Geodetic precession and shadow of quantum extended black holes
• Overcharging process around a magnetized black hole: Can the backreaction effect of magnetic field restore cosmic censorship conjecture?
• Stringent constraints on the light boson model with supermassive black hole spin measurements
• Propagation of light in the presence of gravity generated by static and spherically symmetric curved space-times using Maxwell equations
• Spins of supermassive black holes M87* and SgrA* revealed from the size of dark spots in Event Horizon Telescope Images
• Dynamical spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models in anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Rotating five-dimensional electrically charged Bardeen regular black holes
• Polarimetric Geometric Modeling for mm-VLBI Observations of Black Holes
• Radiation properties of the accretion disk around a black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory
• Thermodynamics of Black Holes with Rényi Entropy from Classical Gravity
• Toward a Full MHD Jet Model of Spinning Black Holes--II: Kinematics and Application to the M87 Jet
• Impacts of nonthermal emission on the images of a black hole shadow and extended jets in two-temperature GRMHD simulations
• Nonseparability of multipartite systems in dilaton black hole
• Analyzing Deflection Angles and Photon Sphere Dynamics of Magnetically Charged Black Holes in Nonlinear Electrodynamic
• Shadows and parameter estimation of rotating quantum corrected black holes and constraints from EHT observation of M87* and Sgr A*
• Imaging a ring-like structure and the extended jet of M87 at 86 GHz
• Influences of modified Chaplygin dark fluid around a black hole
• Exploring Black Hole Mimickers: Electromagnetic and Gravitational Signatures of AdS Black Shells
• The ring-shaped shadow of rotating naked singularity with a complete photon sphere
• Scalar dark matter vortex stabilization with black holes
• Shadows aspect of rotating black holes in the Einstein-AdS SU(N)-nonlinear sigma model
• Radii of spherical photon orbits around Kerr-Newman black holes
• Viable wormhole solution in Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics
• Hunting for extra dimensions in black hole shadows
• The relation between accretion rate and jet power in early-type galaxies with thermally unstable hot atmospheres
• Thermodynamic geometry of static and rotating regular black holes in conformal massive gravity
• Exploring the shear viscosity in four-dimensional planar black holes beyond General Relativity
• Accretion flows around exotic tidal wormholes I. Ray-tracing
• Lepto-hadronic jet-disc model for the multi-wavelength SED of M87
• Implications for the hierarchy problem, inflation and geodesic motion from fiber fabric of spacetime
• Detection of Cosmic Structures using the Bispectrum Phase. I. Mathematical Foundations
• An Effective Model for the Quantum Schwarzschild Black Hole: Weak Deflection Angle, Quasinormal Modes and Bounding of Greybody Factor
• Interferometric signature of higher-order images in a parametrized framework
• Observable Signatures of RN Black Holes with Dark Matter Halos via Strong Gravitational Lensing and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Bounds on the Horndeski Gauge-Gravity Coupling
• Four $\mathbb{STU}$ Black Holes Shadows
• On the causality properties in non-local gravity theories
• Measuring Black Hole Light Echoes with Very Long Baseline Interferometry
• Event-horizon-scale Imaging of M87* under Different Assumptions via Deep Generative Image Priors
• Simulating time-varying strong lenses
• Gravitational wave cosmology I: high frequency approximation
• Black holes immersed in polytropic scalar field gas
• Galactic black hole immersed in a dark halo with its surrounding thin accretion disk
• Chaotic magnetic disconnections trigger flux eruptions in accretion flows channeled onto magnetically saturated Kerr black holes
• Effect of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of Hayward black holes with spherical accretion
• Effects of Hydrogen vs. Helium on Electromagnetic Black Hole Observables
• Retrolensing by light rays slightly inside and outside of a photon sphere around a Reissner-Nordström naked singularity
• Free-falling test particles in a charged Kalb-Ramond black hole: gravitational Doppler effect and tidal forces
• Compact objects in quadratic Palatini gravity generated by a free scalar field
• Reconciling EHT and Gas Dynamics Measurements in M87: Is the Jet Misaligned at Parsec Scales?
• Lensing Signatures of a Slowly-Accelerated Black Hole
• Multi-Frequency Models of Black Hole Photon Rings from Low-Luminosity Accretion Disks
• Gravitational lensing by a stable rotating regular black hole
• Escape probability of particle from Kerr-Sen black hole
• Propagation and Fluxes of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in f(R) Gravity Theory
• Bounds on tidal charges from gravitational-wave ringdown observations
• Emissions of photons near the horizons of Kerr-Sen black holes
• Search of QCD phase transition points in the canonical approach of the NJL model
• Lorentz violation signatures in the low-energy sector of Hořava gravity from black hole shadow observations
• Extreme lensing induces spectro-temporal correlations in black-hole signals
• Accretion onto a Charged Black Hole in Consistent 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Limiting effects in clusters of misaligned toroids orbiting static SMBHs
• Self-interacting scalar field distributions around Schwarzschild black holes
• Forward Ray Tracing and Hot Spots in Kerr Spacetime
• Parametrized black holes: Scattering investigation
• Co-precession of a curved jet and compact accretion disk in M87
• Nonminimal global monopole
• Black Hole Shadow Observations with Space-Ground Interferometers
• Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars
• Spin of the M87 black hole
• The Habitability of Large Elliptical Galaxies
• Gravitational lens on de-Sitter background
• Gravity versus astrophysics in black hole images and photon rings: Equatorial emissions and spherically symmetric space-times
• Test the Weak Cosmic Supervision Conjecture in Dark Matter-Black Hole System
• Deciphering black hole phase transitions through photon spheres
• Broadband Modeling of Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei Detected in Gamma Rays
• Interferometry of black holes with Hawking radiation
• Shadows and Optical Appearances of Black Holes in $R^2$ Gravity
• Decoding quantum gravity information with black hole accretion disk
• Inferring Black Hole Spin from Interferometric Measurements of the First Photon Ring: A Geometric Approach
• Illuminating Black Hole Shadow with Dark Matter Annihilation
• Accretion onto supermassive and intermediate mass black holes in cosmological simulations
• Observational test of ${\mathcal{R}}^2$ spacetimes with the S2 star in the Milky Way galactic center
• Motion of test particle in rotating boson star
• Black hole shadow and Wandering null geodesics
• Influence of Quantum Correction on Kerr Black Hole in Effective Loop Quantum Gravity via Shadows and EHT Results
• Spacetime Measurements with the Photon Ring
• Quasi-local studies of the particle surfaces and their stability in general spacetimes
• New estimates of the spin and accretion rate of the black hole M87*
• FANTASY: User-Friendly Symplectic Geodesic Integrator for Arbitrary Metrics with Automatic Differentiation
• The black hole shadow of quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder-de Sitter spacetime
• Method of distinguishing between black holes and wormholes
• Matter density distribution of general relativistic highly magnetized jets driven by black holes
• High spin expansion for null geodesics
• Strong gravitational lensing of rotating regular black holes in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory
• Hawking radiation and stability of the canonical acoustic black holes
• First polarization study of the M87 jet and active galactic nuclei at submillimeter wavelengths with ALMA
• An independent hybrid imaging of Sgr A* from the data in EHT 2017 observations
• The Mass of the Black Hole in NGC 5273 from Stellar Dynamical Modeling
• Accretion flow in deformed Kerr spacetime: Spectral energy distributions from free-free emission
• Survey of Non-thermal Electron around Supermassive Black Holes through Polarization Flips
• The rotating black hole interior: Insights from gravitational collapse in $Ad{S}_3$ spacetime
• OJ~287: a new BH mass estimate of the secondary
• Deflection and Gravitational lensing of null and timelike signals in the Kiselev black hole spacetime in the weak field limit
• Gravitational lens on a static optical constant-curvature background: Its application to Weyl gravity model
• Total light bending in non-asymptotically flat black hole spacetimes
• Photon ring polarimetry with next-generation black hole imaging I. M87*
• The Effects of Tilt on the Time Variability of Millimeter and Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A*
• Particle dynamics and optical appearance of charged spherically symmetric black holes in bumblebee gravity
• Remarks on the light ring images and the optical appearance of hairy black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity
• Shadows and photon spheres in static and rotating traversable wormholes
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Modified Kerr black holes surrounded by dark matter spike
• Nondivergent deflection of light around a photon sphere of a compact object
• Observational Constraints on Direct Electron Heating in the Hot Accretion Flows in Sgr A* and M87*
• Breaking black-hole uniqueness at supermassive scales
• Astrophysical and electromagnetic emissivity properties of black holes surrounded by a quintessence type exotic fluid in the Scalar-Vector-Tensor Modified Gravity
• What Would Happen If We Were About 1 pc Away from a Supermassive Black Hole?
• Extended Geometric Trinity of Gravity
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope III. Zingularity results from the 2017 observations and predictions for future array expansions
• A stationary axisymmetric vacuum solution for pure $R^2$ gravity
• A regular metric does not ensure the regularity of spacetime
• QED Effects on Kerr-Newman Black Hole Shadows
• Impact of the cosmic neutrino background on black hole superradiance
• Imaging the event horizon of M87* from space on different timescales
• Optical appearance of the Schwarzschild black hole in the string cloud context
• Gravitational lensing by charged black hole with global monopole in the strong field limit
• Anisotropies of Diffusive Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays in $f(R)$ Gravity Theory
• Thermodynamic and observational constraints on black holes with primary hair in Beyond Horndeski Gravity: Stability and shadows
• Non-trivial time crystal-like ground state for gravitational perturbation in quadratic gravity
• Semi-analytic studies of accretion disk and magnetic field geometry in M87*
• New rotating Lorentzian wormhole spacetime
• Correspondence between two gravitational lens equations in a static and spherically symmetric spacetime
• Self-Gravitating Matter in Stationary and Axisymmetric Black Hole Spacetimes
• On optical appearance of Einstein-Maxwell-Æther black holes surrounded by various accretions
• SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline
• Estimating the mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes by employing a general relativistic method
• Climbing out of the shadows: building the distance ladder with black hole images
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope I. Calibration improvements and a comprehensive synthetic data library
• Probing Accretion Turbulence in the Galactic Center with EHT Polarimetry
• Image of Quantum Improved Regular Kerr Black Hole and Parameter Constraints from EHT Observations
• Kerr-scalaron metric and astronomical consequences near the Galactic Center black hole
• Evidence that Eddington ratio depends upon a supermassive black hole's mass and redshift: Implications for radiative efficiency
• Shadows in conformally related gravity theories
• Topological Data Analysis of Black Hole Images
• Determining parameters of a spherical black hole with a thin accretion disk by observing its shadow
• Gravitational analog of the canonical acoustic black hole in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope II. The Zingularity framework for Bayesian artificial neural networks
• Fate of initially bound timelike geodesics in spherical boson stars
• Strong gravitational lensing effects around rotating regular black holes
• Effect of quantum deformed black hole on BH shadow in two-dimensional Dilaton gravity
• The Shadow of Supertranslated Schwarzschild Black Hole
• AGN STORM 2: I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817
• Fractal signatures of non-Kerr spacetimes in the shadow of light-ring bifurcations
• Primary Proca Hair and the Double-Peak Optics of Black Holes
• Charged superradiant instability in a spherical regular black hole
• KHARMA: Flexible, Portable Performance for GRMHD
• A probabilistic approach to phase calibration: I. Effects of source structure on fringe-fitting
• Effects of the general relativistic spin precessions on the habitability of rogue planets orbiting supermassive black holes
• Light rings in static and extremal black holes
• Observational window effects on multi-object Reverberation Mapping
• The year-scale X-ray variations in the core of M87
• Traversable wormholes with multiple unstable critical curves
• The Effects of Resolution on Black Hole Accretion Simulations of Jets
• Constraints on the ghost-free parity-violating gravity from Laser-ranged Satellites
• On the Universality of Energy Extraction from Black Hole Spacetimes
• The Japanese Vision for the Black Hole Explorer Mission
• Scattering and absorption by extra-dimensional black holes with GUP
• Strong gravitational lensing by black hole in F(R) Euler Heisenberg Gravity's Rainbow
• Black Hole Merger Rates in AGN: contribution from gas-captured binaries
• Gödel-type Solutions in Cubic Galileon Gravity
• The surface geometry and shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with halo
• Photon ring autocorrelations from gravitational fluctuations around a black hole
• Signatures of regular black holes from the quasar continuum spectrum
• Dynamics of scalar hair with self-interactions around a Schwarzchild black hole
• Observational appearance of Kaluza-Klein black holes
• Interferometric Image Reconstruction using Closure Invariants and Machine Learning
• Science Potential for Stellar-mass Black Holes as Neighbors of Sgr A*
• WISDOM project -- XVIII. Molecular gas distributions and kinematics of three megamaser galaxies
• Quantumness near the Schwarzschild black hole based on W-state
• Aberration effect on lower-order images of thin accretion disk in the astrometric approach
• Shadow of Kerr black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity and constraints from M87*
• Not all spacetime coordinates for general-relativistic ray tracing are created equal
• A proof-of-concept neural network for inferring parameters of a black hole from partial interferometric images of its shadow
• Probing a Lorentz-violating parameter from orbital precession of the S2 star around the galactic centre supermassive black hole
• Shadowless rapidly rotating yet not ultraspinning Kerr-AdS${}_4$ and Kerr-Newman-AdS${}_4$ black holes
• A First-Order Eikonal Framework for Quasinormal Modes, Shadows, Strong Lensing, and Grey-Body Factors in a Scalarized Black-Hole Metric
• Magnetic Suppression of Cosmic Rays' Flux in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ and $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{Q})$ Theories of Gravity
• Recent Developments in Degenerate Higher Order Scalar Tensor Theories
• Strong Gravitational Lensing Effects of the Rotating Short-Haired Black Hole and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Forgotten treasures in the HST/FOC UV imaging polarimetric archives of active galactic nuclei III. Five years monitoring of M87
• Cylindrical black hole solutions in $f(\mathcal{R})$ and $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{A},A^{\mu \nu }{A}_{\mu \nu })$ modified gravity
• Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Spikes
• Quantum Gravitational Hair in Gravastars and Observational Tests
• Impact of the nonthermal electron radiation effects on the horizon scale image structure of Sagittarius A*
• Black holes surrounded by massive vector fields in Kaluza-Klein gravity
• Strong Lensing Effect and Quasinormal Modes of Oscillations of Black Holes in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R},\mathbf{T})$ Gravity Theory
• Rotating scalarized black holes: the role of the coupling
• Scalar absorption cross section of rotating black holes with tidal charge
• Shadows and Observational Images of a Schwarzschild-like Black Hole Surrounded by a Dehnen-type Dark Matter Halo
• Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87*
• Shadow and thin accretion disk around Ayón-Beato-García black hole coupled with cloud of strings
• Overlapping of photon rings in black hole imaging
• Efficient gravitational lens optical scalars calculation of black holes with angular momentum
• Accretion Process as a Probe of Extra Dimensions in MOG Compact Object Spacetimes
• Radiative properties of thin accretion disks around rotating short-hairy black holes
• Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Shadow of quadrupole-deformed compact objects in a local dark matter shell
• On the Non-Minimal Coupling of Magnetic Fields with Gravity in Schwarzschild Spacetime
• Phantom BTZ black holes
• Is it possible to distinguish between different black hole solutions using the Shapiro time delay?
• Neutral particle collisions near Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black holes after shadow observations
• Non-thermal Synchrotron Emission and Polarization Signatures during Black Hole Flux Eruptions
• On static and rotating decoupled black holes without inner horizons
• Bondi-type accretion onto a Kerr black hole in the kinetic regime
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies: Black Hole Scaling Relations Are Not Biased by Selection Effects
• Superradiance scattering of scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational fields and thin accretion disk around non-commutating Kerr black hole
• Thermodynamic Topology of Black Holes within Tsallis Statistics
• Shadow of higher dimensional collapsing dark star and blackhole
• Exploring the role of accretion disk geometry in shaping black hole shadows
• Spontaneous Vectorization in the Einstein-Maxwell-Vector Model
• Determining parameters of Kerr black holes at finite distance by shadow observation
• Constraining eV-scale axion-like particle dark matter: insights from the M87 Galaxy
• Testing the Existence of Event Horizons against Rotating Reflecting Surfaces
• GALLIFRAY -- A geometric modeling and parameter estimation framework for black hole images using bayesian techniques
• A Parallel-Kinetic-Perpendicular-Moment Model for Magnetized Plasmas
• Probing Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Black hole via Thin Accretion Disks and Shadows with EHT Observations of M87* and Sgr A*
• Quasinormal Modes and Shadows of Black Holes in Infinite Derivative Theory of Gravity
• An Arecibo Search for Fast Radio Transients from M87
• Regular black hole solutions in $(2+1)$-dimensional $f(R,T)$ gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
• Shedding Light on Gravity: Black Hole Shadows and Lensing Signatures in Lorentz Gauge Theory
• Shadow of axisymmetric, stationary and asymptotically flat black holes in the presence of plasma
• Kiselev-inspired Wormholes
• Gravitational lensing by two photon spheres in a black-bounce spacetime in strong deflection limits
• Determining parameters of Kerr-Newman black holes by shadow observation from finite distance and spatial infinity
• OzDES Reverberation Mapping Program: Stacking analysis with H$\beta$, Mg II and C IV
• Even-parity stability of hairy black holes in $U(1)$ gauge-invariant scalar-vector-tensor theories
• Axisymmetric black hole in a non-commutative gauge theory: classical and quantum gravity effects
• A note on the interpretation of the statistical analysis of the $M_{\bullet }-M_G{\sigma }^2$ scaling relation
• The H.E.S.S. extragalactic sky survey with the first decade of observations
• Shadow and near-horizon characteristics of the acoustic charged black hole in curved spacetime
• Detecting Black Hole Occultations by Stars with Space Interferometric Telescopes
• Strong gravitational lensing of a five-dimensional charged, equally rotating black hole with a cosmological constant
• rPICARD: A CASA-based Calibration Pipeline for VLBI Data. Calibration and imaging of 7 mm VLBA observations of the AGN jet in M87
• Limiting the Yukawa Gravity through the Black Hole Shadows of Sgr A* and M87*
• Shadow geometry of Kerr MOG naked singularity and analysis of accretion disk luminosity
• Imprints of non-commutativity on charged black holes
• Screen chaotic motion by Shannon entropy in curved spacetimes
• Tidal forces around the Letelier-Alencar cloud of strings black hole
• Shadows of quintessence black holes: spherical accretion, photon trajectories, and geodesic observers
• Shadows cast by a class of rotating black bounces with an anisotropic fluid
• Explaining the Origin of TeV Gamma Rays from M87 During High and Low States
• Deciphering signatures of Kerr-Sen black holes in presence of plasma from the Event Horizon Telescope data
• Charge constraint on M87* with twisted light
• Constraints on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Graviton-Photon Conversion in the M87 Galaxy
• Cosmological coupled black holes immersed in dark sector
• Perturbations of Einstein--Maxwell--phantom spacetime: Instabilities of charged Ellis--Bronnikov wormholes and quasinormal modes of black holes
• Conic Sections on the Sky: Shadows of Linearly Superrotated Black Holes
• Shadow constraints of charged black hole with scalar hair and gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Why Do You Think It is a Black Hole?
• Shadow of topologically charged rotating braneworld black hole
• Strong gravitational lensing effects of black holes with quantum hair
• Exploring black holes with multiple photon spheres by interferometric signatures
• Iterative Relaxation Method to Obtain Global Transonic Flows around Compact Objects
• Assessing the Role of Intrinsic Variability in Black Hole Parameter Inference using Multi-Epoch EHT Data
• A Red-Noise Eigenbasis for the Reconstruction of Blobby Images
• Deflection in higher dimensional spacetime and asymptotically non-flat spacetimes
• Thin accretion disk around Schwarzschild-like black hole in bumblebee gravity
• Compact regular objects from an electrified Tolman-like density: A new interior region for the Kerr-Newman spacetime
• Optical and orbital characterization of spherically symmetric static black holes of self-gravitating new nonlinear electrodynamics model
• Black hole images as probes of thermodynamic evolution
• Tension of toroidal magnetic field in reconnection plasmoids and relativistic jets
• Particle production, absorption, scattering, and geodesics in a Schwarzschild-Hernquist black hole
• Characterization of black hole accretion through image moment invariants
• Microlensing Black Hole Shadows
• Noncommutative information is revealed from the static detector outside the black hole
• Impacts of radiative cooling on the images of a black hole shadow and extended jets in two-temperature GRMHD simulations
• Images of black holes viewed by distant observer
• Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron. V. Space and ground millimeter-VLBI imaging of OJ 287
• Rotating black hole shadows in metric-affine bumblebee gravity
• P-stars in the gravitational wave era
• Radial perturbations of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet black holes beyond spontaneous scalarization
• Investigating the interplay of the braneworld gravity and the plasma environment on the black hole shadow
• How narrow is the M87* ring? I. The choice of closure likelihood function
• Beyond Sgr A* and M87*: Sub-Microarcsecond Black Hole Shadow Detection via Lunar-based Extremely Long Baseline Interferometry
• Measuring black hole spin through gravitational lensing of pulsars
• First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Fringe Detection at 690GHz
• Blandford-Znajek Jets and the Total Angular Momentum Evolution of a Black Hole Connected to a Cosmic String
• A revised view of the linear polarization in the subparsec core of M87 at 7 mm
• Observing GW190521-like binary black holes and their environment with LISA
• Optical appearance of regularized compact objects without an exterior photon sphere
• Nonuniform Particle Injection into Black Hole Jets by Radiative Magnetic Reconnection
• Spatially resolved spectral properties of M87* on event horizon scales
• Images of the accretion disk in Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
• Superradiance and Quasinormal Modes of Massive Scalar Fields around Kerr Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion Theory with Perfect Fluid Dark Matter
• The Cohesive Object Sequence: The Mass-Density Distribution of Astronomical Objects from Asteroids to Stars
• (In)equivalence of Metric-Affine and Metric Effective Field Theories
• General relativistic radiation transport: Implications for VLBI/EHT observations of AGN discs, winds and jets
• Topological charge and black hole photon spheres in massive gravity
• Exploring quantum fields in rotating black holes
• Redshifted civilizations, galactic empires, and the Fermi paradox
• Charged Superradiant Instability of Spherically Symmetric Regular Black Holes in de Sitter Spacetime: Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis
• Probing Lorentz-violating effects via precession and accretion disk images in a rotating bumblebee spacetime
• Testing the black hole area law with Event Horizon Telescope
• Probing the disk-jet coupling in M87
• Modelling Cosmic Rays Flux with Pierre Auger and Telescope Array Data in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ and $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{Q})$ Theories of Gravity
• Observational distinguishability of the Kerr and Kerr-Hayward metrics to EHT
• Sensitivities of Black Hole Images from GRMHD Simulations
• Photon Ring Dimming as a Signature of Photon-Axion Conversion in Janis-Newman-Winicour Naked Singularity
• Multiobjective optimization for scattering mitigation and scattering screen reconstruction in VLBI observations of the Galactic Center
• Photon Ring Symmetries in Simulated Linear Polarization Images of Messier 87*
• Shaving off soft hairs and the black hole image memory effect
• Perturbative Renormalisation Group Improved Black Hole Solution and its Quasinormal Modes
• Constraining Kerr supermassive black hole properties using gravitational waves from inspiraling stellar-mass binary black holes
• Charged spherically symmetric black holes in the Lyra geometry and a preliminary investigation on the overcharging process
• The generalized second law for Kerr-Taub-NUT black holes perturbed by test field
• PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion
• Rotational Curves of the Milky Way Galaxy and Andromeda Galaxy in Light of Vacuum Polarization around Eicheon
• Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with cosmological constant
• The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry
• The eye of the storm: A regular Kerr black hole
• Effect of primary scalar hair on black hole's strong lensing in Beyond Horndeski Gravity
• High Resolution Imaging of a Black Hole Shadow with Millimetron Orbit around Lagrange Point L2
• Investigating the effects of gravitational lensing by Hu-Sawicki $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ gravity black holes
• Ultra-high energy cosmic rays with UFA-15 source model in Bumblebee gravity theory
• Charged particle motion around a magnetized Reissner-Nordström black hole
• Scattering by deformed black holes
• Sub-atomic constraints on the Kerr geometry of GW150914
• Typical reconstruction limit and phase transition of maximum entropy method
• Decoding a black hole metric from the interferometric pattern of the relativistic images of a compact source
• Visible shapes of black holes M87* and SgrA*
• Shadows of naked singularities and superspinars related to the revisited Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes
• Strong field gravitational lensing of particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Higher-dimensional black holes with multiple equal rotations
• Orbit design for mitigating interstellar scattering effects in Earth-space VLBI observations of Sgr A*
• A Detailed View of the Broad Line Region in NGC 3783 from Velocity-Resolved Reverberation Mapping
• The Nature of Black Hole Shadows
• Soliton boson stars, Q-balls and the causal Buchdahl bound
• Parameter Inference of Black Hole Images using Deep Learning in Visibility Space
• Hypothesis on the nature and origin of cold dark matter
• Quasar continuum spectrum disfavors black holes with a magnetic monopole charge
• Polish Doughnuts around Scalarized Kerr Black Holes
• The Study of X-Ray Flux Variability of M87