Thin accretion disk around Schwarzschild-like black hole in bumblebee gravity

Abstract

The physical properties and optical appearance of a thin accretion disk surrounding a Schwarzschild-like black hole (BH) are investigated within the framework of bumblebee gravity. To understand how the Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) parameter $l$ affects the disk's behavior, we analyze main characteristics such as energy flux, temperature distribution, and emission spectrum. In addition, direct and secondary images of the accretion disk are generated and examined to explore how both the observational inclination angle and the LSB parameter $l$ shape the visual profile. Furthermore, we compute the redshift and observed flux distributions of the disk from the perspective of distant observers at various inclination angles. Our results indicate that the redshift factor grows as $l$ decreases. When the parameter $l$ assumes negative values, the BH exhibits enhanced luminosity with decreasing $l$. These findings highlight the crucial influence of the LSB parameter $l$ on the observable features of BHs.

14 pages, 12 figures

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