First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole

Abstract

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 micro-as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the "shadow" of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others' work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared human bias and to assess common features among independent reconstructions. In the second stage, we reconstructed synthetic data from a large survey of imaging parameters and then compared the results with the corresponding ground truth images. This stage allowed us to select parameters objectively to use when reconstructing images of M87. Across all tests in both stages, the ring diameter and asymmetry remained stable, insensitive to the choice of imaging technique. We describe the EHT imaging procedures, the primary image features in M87, and the dependence of these features on imaging assumptions.

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• Birefringence Tomography for Axion Cloud
• Constraining a black hole companion for M87* through imaging by the Event Horizon Telescope
• Radiation GRMHD simulations of M87: funnel properties and prospects for gap acceleration
• Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron. III. Blazar S5 0716+71 at microarcsecond resolution
• Near-extremal black holes in Weyl gravity: Quasinormal modes and geodesic instability
• Implications of axionic hair on shadow of M87*
• Parameter constraints on a black hole with Minkowski core through quasiperiodic oscillations
• M87: a cosmic laboratory for deciphering black hole accretion and jet formation
• Signatures of the accelerating black holes with a cosmological constant from the ${\text{Sgr A}}^{\star }$ and ${\text{M87}}^{\star }$ shadow prospects
• Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid
• The shadows of accelerating Kerr-Newman black hole and constraints from M87*
• Dynamics of charged particles moving around Kerr black hole with inductive charge and external magnetic field
• Retrograde Polish Doughnuts around Boson Stars
• Using multiobjective optimization to reconstruct interferometric data (I)
• Enabling Transformational ngEHT Science via the Inclusion of 86 GHz Capabilities
• Observability of spherical photon orbits in near-extremal Kerr black holes
• Resolving accretion flows in nearby active galactic nuclei with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Polarization Imaging of M87 Jets by General Relativistic Radiative Transfer Calculation based on GRMHD Simulations
• A quantum-corrected approach to black hole radiation via a tunneling process
• Thin accretion disk and shadow of Kerr-Sen black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion gravity
• ALMA Super-resolution Imaging of T Tau: r = 12 au Gap in the Compact Dust Disk around T Tau N
• Gaussian tripartite steering in Schwarzschild black hole
• Light echos and coherent autocorrelations in a black hole spacetime
• Tidal response and near-horizon boundary conditions for spinning exotic compact objects
• The Role of Adaptive Ray Tracing in Analyzing Black Hole Structure
• The observer-dependent shadow of the Kerr black hole
• Implications from the velocity profile of the M87 jet: a possibility of a slowly rotating black hole magnetosphere
• Effect of gravitational wave on shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole
• Large baseline optical imaging assisted by single photons and linear quantum optics
• Quantum gravity lights up spinning black holes
• Flares and their echoes can help distinguish photon rings from black holes with space-Earth very long baseline interferometry
• Quantum Black hole--White hole entangled states
• Universal thermodynamic topological classes of static black holes in Conformal Killing Gravity
• The jet and resolved features of the central supermassive black hole of M 87 observed with EHT
• Precession and Lense-Thirring effect of hairy Kerr spacetimes
• Quasinormal modes in two-photon autocorrelation and the geometric-optics approximation
• Axial gravitational quasinormal modes of a self-dual black hole in loop quantum gravity
• Multi-scale and Multi-directional VLBI Imaging with CLEAN
• Universal transition diagram from dormant to actively accreting supermassive black holes
• Bound Orbits and Gravitational Wave Radiation Around the Hairy Black Hole
• Orientation of the crescent image of M 87*
• Generalized Oppenheimer-Snyder Gravitational Collapse into Regular Black holes
• Kerr black hole in de Sitter spacetime and observational redshift: Toward a new method to measure the Hubble constant
• Cuspy and fractured black hole shadows in a toy model with axisymmetry
• Quasinormal modes of charged black holes in higher-dimensional Einstein-power-Maxwell theory
• Quasinormal Modes for Dynamical Black Holes
• alpha-Deep Probabilistic Inference (alpha-DPI): efficient uncertainty quantification from exoplanet astrometry to black hole feature extraction
• Inferring the Intermediate Mass Black Hole Number Density from Gravitational Wave Lensing Statistics
• Mass and spin of Kerr black holes in terms of observational quantities: The dragging effect on the redshift
• Gravitational lensing of massive particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole
• Improving Diffusion Inverse Problem Solving with Decoupled Noise Annealing
• Hybrid mapping of the Black Hole Shadow in M87
• The Variability of the Black-Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Time Scale
• Search for traversable wormholes in active galactic nuclei using X-ray data
• Rotating Black Hole in Kalb-Ramond Gravity: Constraining Parameters by Comparison with EHT Observations of Sgr A* and M87*
• Black Holes Up Close
• Light Deflection by Rotating Regular Black Holes with a Cosmological Constant
• Kerr spacetime geometric optics for vortex beams
• Shadows of magnetically charged rotating black holes surrounded by quintessence
• Quasinormal modes, temperatures and greybody factors of black holes in a generalized Rastall gravity theory
• Toward the Gravitational Redshift Detection in NGC 4258 and the Estimation of its Black Hole Mass-to-Distance Ratio
• Testing black hole equatorial reflection symmetry using Sgr A* shadow images
• Super-resolution Imaging of the Protoplanetary Disk HD 142527 Using Sparse Modeling
• Probing Intermediate Mass Black Holes in M87 through Multi-Wavelength Gravitational Wave Observations
• Geodesic of nonlinear electrodynamics and stable photon orbits
• The Axial Gravitational Ringing of a Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Surrounded by Dark Matter Spike
• Gravitational atoms in the braneworld scenario
• A Characterization of the ALMA Phasing System at 345 GHz
• Dipolar tidal effects in gravitational waves from scalarized black hole binary inspirals in quadratic gravity
• Evidence for a toroidal magnetic field in the core of 3C 84
• Strong deflection of massive particles in spherically symmetric spacetimes
• Polarization Whorls from M87* at the Event Horizon Telescope
• Can we detect a supertranslated black hole?
• Differentiating Disk and Black Hole Driven Jets with EHT Images of Variability in M87
• Ruppeiner Geometry of the RN-AdS Black Hole Using Shadow Formalism
• Mass parameter and the bounds on redshifts and blueshifts of photons emitted from geodesic particle orbiting in the vicinity of regular black holes
• Shadow Geometry of Kerr Naked Singularities
• Survey of Radiative, Two-Temperature Magnetically Arrested Simulations of the Black Hole M87* I: Turbulent Electron Heating
• Discovery of Limb Brightening in the Parsec-scale Jet of NGC 315 through Global Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observations and Its Implications for Jet Models
• Spherical Accretion Flow onto General Parameterized Spherically Symmetric Black Hole Spacetimes
• Geodesics, accretion disk, gravitational lensing, time delay, and effects on neutrinos induced by a non-commutative black hole
• Gravitoelectromagnetic coupled perturbations and quasinormal modes of a charged black hole with scalar hair
• Observability of the innermost stable circular orbit in a near-extremal Kerr black hole
• Shadows and accretion disk images of charged rotating black hole in modified gravity theory
• Optical features of AdS black holes in the novel 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
• On new regular charged black hole solutions: Limiting Curvature Condition, Quasinormal modes and Shadows
• Deep Probabilistic Imaging: Uncertainty Quantification and Multi-modal Solution Characterization for Computational Imaging
• Dynamic and polarimetric VLBI imaging with a multiscalar approach
• High-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes in scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory
• Observational Appearance of a Freely-falling Star in an Asymmetric Thin-shell Wormhole
• Shadow thermodynamics of non-linear charged Anti-de Sitter black holes
• MeqSilhouette v2: Spectrally-resolved polarimetric synthetic data generation for the Event Horizon Telescope
• 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: Massless particles and absorption of planar spin-0 waves
• Evolution of Anti-de Sitter black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory
• Invariants in Co-polar Interferometry: an Abelian Gauge Theory
• Scale-dependent slowly rotating black holes with flat horizon structure
• Study of relativistic accretion flow around KTN black hole with shocks
• Probing Plasma Physics with Spectral Index Maps of Accreting Black Holes on Event Horizon Scales
• New test on the Einstein equivalence principle through the photon ring of black holes
• Shadow thermodynamics of the Hayward-AdS black hole
• Time-dependent visibility modelling of a relativistic jet in the X-ray binary MAXI J1803-298
• A general relativistic mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes
• Constraints from Solar System tests on a covariant loop quantum black hole
• Quasinormal modes and the correspondence with shadow in black holes with a deficit solid angle and quintessence-like matter
• Optical Shadows of Rotating Bardeen AdS Black Holes
• Shadows and rings of a de Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole
• Shadow Thermodynamics of AdS Black Hole with the Nonlinear Electrodynamics Term
• Measuring the Ellipticity of M 87* Images
• Superentropic Black Hole Shadows in Arbitrary Dimensions
• Horizon entanglement area law from regular black hole thermodynamics
• Photon Emission Near Myers-Perry Black Holes in the Large Dimension Limit
• The future ability to test theories of gravity with black-hole shadows
• Constraining Self-interacting Scalar Field Dark Matter From the Black Hole Shadow of the Event Horizon Telescope
• Quasinormal modes, Hawking radiation and absorption of the massless scalar field for Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
• Strong gravitational lens image of the M87 black hole with a simple accreting matter model
• Hybrid GRMHD and Force-Free Simulations of Black Hole Accretion
• Optimal qubit circuits for quantum-enhanced telescopes
• Non-commutativity in Hayward spacetime
• Test the Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture in Torus-Like Black Hole under Charged Scalar Field
• Influence of the Vacuum Polarization Effect on the Motion of Charged Particles in the Magnetic Field around a Schwarzschild Black Hole
• VLBI imaging of black holes via second moment regularization
• Constructing noncommutative black holes
• Spacetime-curvature induced uncertainty principle: linking the large-structure global effects to the local black hole physics
• Genuine tripartite entanglement of W state subject to Hawking effect of a Schwarzschild black hole
• Scalar Hairy Black Holes with Inverted Mexican Hat Potential
• Using the shadow of a black hole to examine the energy exchange between axion matter and a rotating black hole
• Comparing thin accretion disk properties of naked singularities and black holes
• Geodesic analysis and black hole shadows on a general non--extremal rotating black hole in five--dimensional gauged supergravity
• Shadow behavior of an EMSG charged black hole
• Black holes as spherically-symmetric horizon-bound objects
• Bayesian self-calibration and imaging in Very Long Baseline Interferometry
• Transforming singular black holes into regular black holes sourced by nonlinear electrodynamics
• Traces of quantum gravitational correction at third-order curvature through the black hole shadow and particle deflection at the weak field limit
• Parameter estimation of Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson black holes using their shadows
• Exploring departures from Schwarzschild black hole in $f(R)$ gravity
• The Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration: History, Philosophy, and Culture
• Optical appearance of numerical black hole solutions in higher derivative gravity
• Quasi-harmonic oscillations of charged particles in static axially symmetric space-times immersed in a uniform magnetic field
• A multi-frequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope
• A Study of Black Holes in $F(R)-$ModMax Gravity: Gravitational Lensing and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Distinguishing black holes with and without spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories via optical features
• Bayesian Black Hole Photogrammetry
• Cosmological implications of the Weyl geometric gravity theory
• Influence of plasma on the optical appearance of spinning black hole in Kalb-Ramond gravity and its Existence around M87* and Sgr A*
• Observational Evidence to Support a Dense Ambient Medium Shaping the Jet in 3C 84
• Novel regular black holes: geometry, source and shadow
• Influence of dark matter equation of state on the axial gravitational ringing of supermassive black holes
• General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Accretion Disks Around Tilted Binary Black Holes of Unequal Mass
• Dusty plasma in active galactic nuclei
• Constraining modified gravity theories with scalar fields using black-hole images
• Determination of the spin parameter and the inclination angle by the relativistic images in black hole image
• Principal-Component Interferometric Modeling (PRIMO), an Algorithm for EHT Data I: Reconstructing Images from Simulated EHT Observations
• Skylight: a new code for general-relativistic ray-tracing and radiative transfer in arbitrary spacetimes
• Astrometry in two-photon interferometry using Earth rotation fringe scan
• RAIKOU: A General Relativistic, Multi-wavelength Radiative Transfer Code
• Iterative solutions for the gravitational lens equation in the strong deflection limit
• Charged cosmological black holes: a thorough study of a family of solutions
• Propagation of light in the presence of gravity generated by static and spherically symmetric curved space-times using Maxwell equations
• Engineering Topological Phases Guided by Statistical and Machine Learning Methods
• Deciphering signatures of Bardeen black holes from the observed quasi-periodic oscillations
• Toward a Full MHD Jet Model of Spinning Black Holes--II: Kinematics and Application to the M87 Jet
• Non-homogeneous exoplanets in metric-affine gravity
• Search for Alignment of Disk Orientations in Nearby Star-Forming Regions: Lupus, Taurus, Upper Scorpius, $\rho$ Ophiuchi, and Orion
• Dynamical spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models in anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Geodetic precession and shadow of quantum extended black holes
• Regularized Maximum Likelihood Image Synthesis and Validation for ALMA Continuum Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
• Thermodynamics of Black Holes with Rényi Entropy from Classical Gravity
• A spectral method algorithm for numerical simulations of gravitational fields
• Spins of supermassive black holes M87* and SgrA* revealed from the size of dark spots in Event Horizon Telescope Images
• Polarimetric Geometric Modeling for mm-VLBI Observations of Black Holes
• Wavelength-resolved Reverberation Mapping of quasar CTSC30.10: Dissecting MgII and FeII emission regions
• Analyzing Deflection Angles and Photon Sphere Dynamics of Magnetically Charged Black Holes in Nonlinear Electrodynamic
• The ring-shaped shadow of rotating naked singularity with a complete photon sphere
• Accretion flows around exotic tidal wormholes I. Ray-tracing
• Exploring the shear viscosity in four-dimensional planar black holes beyond General Relativity
• Parallel transport modeling of linear divertor simulators with fundamental ion cyclotron heating
• Study of light deflection and shadow from a hairy black hole under the influence of the non-magnetic plasma
• Shadows aspect of rotating black holes in the Einstein-AdS SU(N)-nonlinear sigma model
• Detection of Cosmic Structures using the Bispectrum Phase. I. Mathematical Foundations
• Impacts of nonthermal emission on the images of a black hole shadow and extended jets in two-temperature GRMHD simulations
• Thermodynamic geometry of static and rotating regular black holes in conformal massive gravity
• Optical properties of a Brane-World black hole as photons couple to the Weyl tensor
• Nonseparability of multipartite systems in dilaton black hole
• Imaging a ring-like structure and the extended jet of M87 at 86 GHz
• Shadows and parameter estimation of rotating quantum corrected black holes and constraints from EHT observation of M87* and Sgr A*
• Entanglement-induced provable and robust quantum learning advantages
• Emissions of photons near the horizons of Kerr-Sen black holes
• Extreme lensing induces spectro-temporal correlations in black-hole signals
• Black holes immersed in polytropic scalar field gas
• Interferometric signature of higher-order images in a parametrized framework
• Black hole photon ring beyond General Relativity: an integrable parametrization
• Swarm intelligence for full Stokes dynamic imaging reconstruction of interferometric data
• Neutrino pair annihilation above black-hole accretion disks in modified gravity
• Event-horizon-scale Imaging of M87* under Different Assumptions via Deep Generative Image Priors
• Multi-wavelength temporal variability of the blazar PKS 1510-089
• Energy extraction through magnetic reconnection from a Kerr-Newman black hole in perfect fluid dark matter
• Four $\mathbb{STU}$ Black Holes Shadows
• Free-falling test particles in a charged Kalb-Ramond black hole: gravitational Doppler effect and tidal forces
• Galactic black hole immersed in a dark halo with its surrounding thin accretion disk
• Measuring Black Hole Light Echoes with Very Long Baseline Interferometry
• Bounds on the Horndeski Gauge-Gravity Coupling
• Propagation and Fluxes of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in f(R) Gravity Theory
• Effects of Hydrogen vs. Helium on Electromagnetic Black Hole Observables
• Reconciling EHT and Gas Dynamics Measurements in M87: Is the Jet Misaligned at Parsec Scales?
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• An Effective Model for the Quantum Schwarzschild Black Hole: Weak Deflection Angle, Quasinormal Modes and Bounding of Greybody Factor
• Compact objects in quadratic Palatini gravity generated by a free scalar field
• Chaotic magnetic disconnections trigger flux eruptions in accretion flows channeled onto magnetically saturated Kerr black holes
• Effect of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of Hayward black holes with spherical accretion
• Observable Signatures of RN Black Holes with Dark Matter Halos via Strong Gravitational Lensing and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Limiting effects in clusters of misaligned toroids orbiting static SMBHs
• Multi-Frequency Models of Black Hole Photon Rings from Low-Luminosity Accretion Disks
• Optical Appearance and Shadow of Kalb-Ramond Black Hole: Effects of Plasma and Accretion Models
• Gravitational wave cosmology I: high frequency approximation
• On the causality properties in non-local gravity theories
• exoALMA. VIII. Probabilistic Moment Maps and Data Products using Non-parametric Linear Models
• Quasi-local studies of the particle surfaces and their stability in general spacetimes
• Classification-based detection and quantification of cross-domain data bias in materials discovery
• Motion of test particle in rotating boson star
• Black Hole Shadow Observations with Space-Ground Interferometers
• Models of cosmological black holes
• Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars
• Template bank to search for exotic gravitational wave signals from astrophysical compact binaries
• Gravitational lens on de-Sitter background
• On the analytic generalization of particle deflection in the weak field regime and shadow size in light of EHT constraints for Schwarzschild-like black hole solutions
• Interferometry of black holes with Hawking radiation
• Estimating the Jet Power of Mrk\,231 During the 2017-2018 Flare
• Probing loop quantum effects through solar system experiments: observational signatures and parameter constraints
• Physics of Pair Producing Gaps in Black Hole Magnetospheres: Two Dimensional General Relativistic Particle-in-cell Simulations
• Nonminimal global monopole
• A new first-order formulation of the Einstein equations exploiting analogies with electrodynamics
• Illuminating Black Hole Shadow with Dark Matter Annihilation
• Gravitational Collapse in Scale-Dependent Gravity
• Observational test of ${\mathcal{R}}^2$ spacetimes with the S2 star in the Milky Way galactic center
• Inferring Black Hole Spin from Interferometric Measurements of the First Photon Ring: A Geometric Approach
• Observational Signatures of Black Hole Accretion: Rotating vs. Spherical Flows with Tilted Magnetic Fields
• Gravity versus astrophysics in black hole images and photon rings: Equatorial emissions and spherically symmetric space-times
• Black hole shadow and Wandering null geodesics
• First polarization study of the M87 jet and active galactic nuclei at submillimeter wavelengths with ALMA
• Transition from inspiral to plunge for braneworld EMRI
• Accretion flow in deformed Kerr spacetime: Spectral energy distributions from free-free emission
• Photon ring polarimetry with next-generation black hole imaging I. M87*
• An independent hybrid imaging of Sgr A* from the data in EHT 2017 observations
• Method of distinguishing between black holes and wormholes
• Multimodal signatures of asymptotic (A)dS Kalb-Ramond black holes: Constraints through the shadow, weak deflection angle, and topological photon spheres
• Matter density distribution of general relativistic highly magnetized jets driven by black holes
• New estimates of the spin and accretion rate of the black hole M87*
• Spatial coherence control and analysis via micromirror-based mixed-state ptychography
• FANTASY: User-Friendly Symplectic Geodesic Integrator for Arbitrary Metrics with Automatic Differentiation
• High spin expansion for null geodesics
• Electromagnetic absorption, emission and scattering spectra of black holes with tidal charge
• Can Dark Matter be Geometry? A Case Study with Mimetic Dark Matter
• Gravitational lens on a static optical constant-curvature background: Its application to Weyl gravity model
• Black hole scalarizations induced by parity violations
• Strong gravitational lensing of rotating regular black holes in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory
• Extended Geometric Trinity of Gravity
• A regular metric does not ensure the regularity of spacetime
• Black Holes in Lorentz-Violating Gravity: Thermodynamics, Geometry, and Particle Dynamics
• A stationary axisymmetric vacuum solution for pure $R^2$ gravity
• Imaging the event horizon of M87* from space on different timescales
• Euclidean methods and phase transitions for the strongest deformations compatible with Schwarzschild asymptotics
• Analyzing the effect of higher dimensions on the black hole silhouette, deflection angles, and PINN approximated quasinormal modes
• Remarks on the light ring images and the optical appearance of hairy black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity
• Optical appearance of the Schwarzschild black hole in the string cloud context
• Rotating Black Hole with an Anisotropic Matter Field as a Particle Accelerator
• An exact black hole spacetime with scalar field and its shadow together with quasinormal modes
• Thermodynamics of the Weyl Geometric Gravity Black Holes
• Shadows and photon spheres in static and rotating traversable wormholes
• Correlations between emission events in Rainbow Gravity
• Modified Kerr black holes surrounded by dark matter spike
• Expanding Sgr A* dynamical imaging capabilities with an African extension to the Event Horizon Telescope
• Can we know about black hole thermodynamics through shadows?
• Superradiance of rotating black holes surrounded by dark matter
• Multiscale aperture synthesis imager
• Particle dynamics and optical appearance of charged spherically symmetric black holes in bumblebee gravity
• Nondivergent deflection of light around a photon sphere of a compact object
• The evolution of the UV/optical lag spectrum of NGC 7469 seen by the Liverpool Telescope
• Anisotropies of Diffusive Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays in $f(R)$ Gravity Theory
• Testing black holes with cosmological constant in Einstein-bumblebee gravity through the black hole shadow using EHT data and deflection angle
• Black Holes with Abelian and Non-Abelian Charges and Their Impact on Matter Accretion Flows
• Revealing a ribbon-like jet in OJ 287 with RadioAstron
• Strong-field gravitational lensing by black holes
• Gravitational analog of the canonical acoustic black hole in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope I. Calibration improvements and a comprehensive synthetic data library
• Deep learning inference with the Event Horizon Telescope II. The Zingularity framework for Bayesian artificial neural networks
• Probing $H_0$ and resolving AGN disks with ultrafast photon counters
• Non-trivial time crystal-like ground state for gravitational perturbation in quadratic gravity
• Thermodynamic and observational constraints on black holes with primary hair in Beyond Horndeski Gravity: Stability and shadows
• Can shadows connect black hole microstructures?
• Dynamical model for primordial black holes
• Observational signatures from higher-order images of moving hotspots in accretion disks
• Effect of quantum deformed black hole on BH shadow in two-dimensional Dilaton gravity
• SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline
• Correspondence between two gravitational lens equations in a static and spherically symmetric spacetime
• Estimating the mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes by employing a general relativistic method
• Probing Accretion Turbulence in the Galactic Center with EHT Polarimetry
• Cosmological Constant Effect on Charged and Rotating Black Hole Shadows
• Fate of initially bound timelike geodesics in spherical boson stars
• Image of Quantum Improved Regular Kerr Black Hole and Parameter Constraints from EHT Observations
• Effect of matter geometry on low angular momentum black hole accretion in the Kerr metric
• On optical appearance of Einstein-Maxwell-Æther black holes surrounded by various accretions
• The Shadow of Supertranslated Schwarzschild Black Hole
• Topological Data Analysis of Black Hole Images
• Determining parameters of a spherical black hole with a thin accretion disk by observing its shadow
• Semi-analytic studies of accretion disk and magnetic field geometry in M87*
• Strong gravitational lensing effects around rotating regular black holes
• Circular orbits and accretion disk around a deformed-Schwarzschild black hole in loop quantum gravity
• Modelling the Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ and M87${}^{\ast }$ shadows by using the Kerr-Taub-NUT metrics in the presence of a scalar field
• Evolution, speed, and precession of the parsec-scale jet in the 3C 84 radio galaxy
• KHARMA: Flexible, Portable Performance for GRMHD
• Exploring the cosmic censorship conjecture with a Gauss-Bonnet sector
• Perturbations of Black Holes Surrounded by Anisotropic Matter Field
• A probabilistic approach to phase calibration: I. Effects of source structure on fringe-fitting
• Timelike orbits around accelerating black holes
• Gödel-type Solutions in Cubic Galileon Gravity
• Traversable wormholes with multiple unstable critical curves
• Strong gravitational lensing by black hole in F(R) Euler Heisenberg Gravity's Rainbow
• The Effects of Resolution on Black Hole Accretion Simulations of Jets
• Traces of quantum fuzziness on the black hole shadow and particle deflection in the multi-fractional theory of gravity
• Prospects of using closure traces directly for imaging in Very Long Baseline Interferometry
• The Japanese Vision for the Black Hole Explorer Mission
• On the Universality of Energy Extraction from Black Hole Spacetimes
• Fractal signatures of non-Kerr spacetimes in the shadow of light-ring bifurcations
• Approaching the black hole by numerical simulations
• Super-Resolved Image of M87 Observed with East Asian VLBI Network
• Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87*
• The surface geometry and shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with halo
• Quantum Gravitational Hair in Gravastars and Observational Tests
• Physically-inspired computational tools for sharp detection of material inhomogeneities in magnetic imaging
• Strong Lensing Effect and Quasinormal Modes of Oscillations of Black Holes in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R},\mathbf{T})$ Gravity Theory
• Strong Gravitational Lensing Effects of the Rotating Short-Haired Black Hole and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Magnetic Suppression of Cosmic Rays' Flux in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ and $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{Q})$ Theories of Gravity
• Null Gravitational Redshift by a Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in the Strong Field Limit
• Curled orbit and epicyclic oscillation of charged particles around the weakly magnetized black hole in the presence of Lorentz violation
• Shadowless rapidly rotating yet not ultraspinning Kerr-AdS${}_4$ and Kerr-Newman-AdS${}_4$ black holes
• Shadow and thin accretion disk around Ayón-Beato-García black hole coupled with cloud of strings
• Overlapping of photon rings in black hole imaging
• Quantumness near the Schwarzschild black hole based on W-state
• Signatures of regular black holes from the quasar continuum spectrum
• Research on high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in black bounce-type spacetime
• Efficient gravitational lens optical scalars calculation of black holes with angular momentum
• Shadow of Kerr black hole surrounded by a cloud of strings in Rastall gravity and constraints from M87*
• Interferometric Closure Phase Uncertainties in the Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Regime
• Interferometric Image Reconstruction using Closure Invariants and Machine Learning
• Marginalised Gaussian Processes with Nested Sampling
• Not all spacetime coordinates for general-relativistic ray tracing are created equal
• A proof-of-concept neural network for inferring parameters of a black hole from partial interferometric images of its shadow
• Scalar absorption cross section of rotating black holes with tidal charge
• Impact of the nonthermal electron radiation effects on the horizon scale image structure of Sagittarius A*
• The holographic space-time and black hole remnants as dark matter
• Dynamics of scalar hair with self-interactions around a Schwarzchild black hole
• Hamiltonian Formulation of Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Accretion on a General Spherically Symmetric and Static Black Hole: Quantum effects on Shock States
• Evolving wormhole formation in dRGT massive gravity
• Relativistic Reflection Modeling in AGN and Related Variability from PCA: A Brief Review
• Cylindrical black hole solutions in $f(\mathcal{R})$ and $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{A},A^{\mu \nu }{A}_{\mu \nu })$ modified gravity
• Accretion Process as a Probe of Extra Dimensions in MOG Compact Object Spacetimes
• Thermodynamic Topology of Black Holes within Tsallis Statistics
• Shadow of axisymmetric, stationary and asymptotically flat black holes in the presence of plasma
• Determining parameters of Kerr black holes at finite distance by shadow observation
• Spontaneous Vectorization in the Einstein-Maxwell-Vector Model
• Constraining eV-scale axion-like particle dark matter: insights from the M87 Galaxy
• Shadow of quadrupole-deformed compact objects in a local dark matter shell
• Gravitational waveform model based on photon motion for spinning black holes
• Epicyclic oscillations and accretion disk around a special Buchdahl-inspired spacetime
• Phantom BTZ black holes
• A General Discussion on Photon Spheres in Different Categories of Spacetimes
• Observational constraints on the Kerr and its several single-parameter modified spacetimes using quasi-periodic oscillation data
• On static and rotating decoupled black holes without inner horizons
• Revisiting 3C 279 jet morphology with space VLBI at 26 microarcsecond resolution
• Probing Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Black hole via Thin Accretion Disks and Shadows with EHT Observations of M87* and Sgr A*
• Is it possible to distinguish between different black hole solutions using the Shapiro time delay?
• Quasinormal Modes and Shadows of Black Holes in Infinite Derivative Theory of Gravity
• Regular black hole solutions in $(2+1)$-dimensional $f(R,T)$ gravity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
• Synthetic gravitational lens image of the Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$ black hole with a thin disk model
• Prospects for Wideband VLBI Correlation in the Cloud
• Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Shadow of higher dimensional collapsing dark star and blackhole
• Five dimensional rotating and Quintessence black hole and their hypershadows
• Kiselev-inspired Wormholes
• On the Non-Minimal Coupling of Magnetic Fields with Gravity in Schwarzschild Spacetime
• Non-thermal Synchrotron Emission and Polarization Signatures during Black Hole Flux Eruptions
• HST-1 as a Window to the Energetics of the Jet Spine of M87
• A comparative analysis of GNSS-inferred precipitable water vapour at the potential sites for the Africa Millimetre Telescope
• Superradiance scattering of scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational fields and thin accretion disk around non-commutating Kerr black hole
• Detecting Black Hole Occultations by Stars with Space Interferometric Telescopes
• Probing circular polarization and magnetic field structure in AGN
• Prospects for observing supermassive black hole binaries with the space-ground interferometer
• Shadow and near-horizon characteristics of the acoustic charged black hole in curved spacetime
• Learning a Probabilistic Strategy for Computational Imaging Sensor Selection
• Preliminary analyses on dynamics and thermodynamics of rotating regular black holes
• Infrared interferometric imaging of the compact dust disk around the AGB star HR3126 with the bipolar Toby Jug Nebula
• Parameterized second post-Newtonian framework with conservation Laws
• Limiting the Yukawa Gravity through the Black Hole Shadows of Sgr A* and M87*
• Null geodesics around a black hole with weakly coupled global monopole charge
• Enhancing Compton telescope imaging with maximum a posteriori estimation: a modified Richardson-Lucy algorithm for the Compton Spectrometer and Imager
• Black holes with scalar hair: Extending from and beyond the Schwarzschild solution
• Axisymmetric black hole in a non-commutative gauge theory: classical and quantum gravity effects
• Onset of chaotic gravitational lensing in non-Kerr rotating black holes with quadrupole mass moment
• Strong gravitational lensing of a five-dimensional charged, equally rotating black hole with a cosmological constant
• Powerful yet lonely: Is 3C 297 a high-redshift fossil group?
• Light propagation around a Kerr-like black hole immersed in an inhomogeneous anisotropic plasma in Rastall gravity: Analytical solutions to the equations of motion
• Screen chaotic motion by Shannon entropy in curved spacetimes
• RHAPSODIE: Reconstruction of High-contrAst Polarized SOurces and Deconvolution for cIrcumstellar Environments
• Identifying Long Radio Transients with Accompanying X-Ray Emission as Disk-Jet Precessing Black Holes: The Case of ASKAP J1832-0911
• Determining parameters of Kerr-Newman black holes by shadow observation from finite distance and spatial infinity
• Probing Observable Features of Lorentz violation in Low-Energy Hořava Gravity with Accretion Disk Images of Black Hole
• The precession of particle spin in spherical symmetric spacetimes
• Gravitational wave pulse and memory effects for hairy Kiselev black hole and its analogy with Bondi-Sachs formalism
• Spherical particle orbits around a rotating black hole in massive gravity
• Scale-invariance of black hole accretion: modeling emission from a black hole X-ray binary with relativistic accretion flow simulations
• rPICARD: A CASA-based Calibration Pipeline for VLBI Data. Calibration and imaging of 7 mm VLBA observations of the AGN jet in M87
• Microlensing Black Hole Shadows
• A Red-Noise Eigenbasis for the Reconstruction of Blobby Images
• Thermodynamic and observational implications of black holes in toroidal geometry
• Description of turbulent dynamics in the interstellar medium: Multifractal microcanonical analysis: II. Sparse filtering of Herschel observation maps and visualization of filamentary structures at different length scales
• Explaining the Origin of TeV Gamma Rays from M87 During High and Low States
• Shadows cast by a class of rotating black bounces with an anisotropic fluid
• Generating 4-dimensional Wormholes with Yang-Mills Casimir Sources
• Exploring black holes with multiple photon spheres by interferometric signatures
• Noncommutative information is revealed from the static detector outside the black hole
• Multiwavelength View of the M87 Black Hole Captured by the Event Horizon Telescope
• 3+1 formulation of light modes in nonlinear electrodynamics
• Characterization of black hole accretion through image moment invariants
• Perturbations of Einstein--Maxwell--phantom spacetime: Instabilities of charged Ellis--Bronnikov wormholes and quasinormal modes of black holes
• Semi-classical imprints on quasinormal mode spectra
• Shadow constraints of charged black hole with scalar hair and gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Conic Sections on the Sky: Shadows of Linearly Superrotated Black Holes
• Deciphering signatures of Kerr-Sen black holes in presence of plasma from the Event Horizon Telescope data
• Assessing the Role of Intrinsic Variability in Black Hole Parameter Inference using Multi-Epoch EHT Data
• Algorithms and radiation dynamics for the vicinity of black holes I. Methods and codes
• HYPERION: Hyperspectral Penetrating-type Ellipsoidal Reconstruction for Terahertz Blind Source Separation
• Shadow of topologically charged rotating braneworld black hole
• Thin accretion disk around Schwarzschild-like black hole in bumblebee gravity
• Effects of non-vanishing dark matter pressure in the Milky Way galaxy
• Probing the parameters of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence and cloud of strings through four standard astrophysical tests
• Charge constraint on M87* with twisted light
• Modeling Gravastar Structure admitting Kuchowicz Spacetime in Rastall Gravity Theory
• Accelerating the CLEAN algorithm of radio interferometry with convex optimization
• Geodesic dynamics in brane-de Sitter wormholes
• Constraints on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves from Graviton-Photon Conversion in the M87 Galaxy
• Quasinormal Modes of Black holes in the generalized Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution of $f(R)$ gravity
• Connections between entropy surface density and microscopic property in black holes
• Shadow cast by a rotating black hole with anisotropic matter
• Leveraging User Access Patterns and Advanced Cyberinfrastructure to Accelerate Data Delivery from Shared-use Scientific Observatories
• P-stars in the gravitational wave era
• Quantum Algorithms for Unsupervised Machine Learning and Neural Networks
• BuDDI: A Declarative Bloom Language for CALM Programming
• Tests for the existence of horizon through gravitational waves from a small binary in the vicinity of a massive object
• Polish Doughnuts around Scalarized Kerr Black Holes
• Decoding a black hole metric from the interferometric pattern of the relativistic images of a compact source
• Optical and Thermodynamic Properties of a Rotating Dyonic Black Hole Spacetime in $\mathcal{N}=2,U(1{)}^2$ gauged supergravity
• The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry
• Bardeen-Kiselev black hole with cosmological constant
• Multi-wavelength temporal and spectral analysis of Blazar S5 1803+78
• PATOKA: Simulating Electromagnetic Observables of Black Hole Accretion
• Photon Ring Symmetries in Simulated Linear Polarization Images of Messier 87*
• Investigating the Disk-Jet Structure in M87 through Flux Separation in the Linear and Circular Polarization Images
• The eye of the storm: A regular Kerr black hole
• Scattering by deformed black holes
• Quasar continuum spectrum disfavors black holes with a magnetic monopole charge
• Gravitational wave memory in wormhole spacetimes
• Rapid multi-band space-based optical timing: revolutionizing accretion physics
• Multiobjective optimization for scattering mitigation and scattering screen reconstruction in VLBI observations of the Galactic Center
• Probing the disk-jet coupling in M87
• Spatially resolved spectral properties of M87* on event horizon scales
• Ultra-High-Resolution Astronomy with the Solar Gravitational Lens
• Polarization Signatures of Rotating Black Holes in Perfect Fluid Dark Matter Spacetimes
• Shadows of naked singularities and superspinars related to the revisited Kerr-de Sitter spacetimes
• Nonuniform Particle Injection into Black Hole Jets by Radiative Magnetic Reconnection
• Impacts of radiative cooling on the images of a black hole shadow and extended jets in two-temperature GRMHD simulations
• A Ring of Fire Orphan γ-Ray Flare in the Neutrino Candidate 3C 120
• Thermodynamics and orbital structure of anti-de Sitter black holes in Palatini-inspired nonlinear electrodynamics
• Rotating black hole shadows in metric-affine bumblebee gravity
• Perturbative Renormalisation Group Improved Black Hole Solution and its Quasinormal Modes
• Black hole shadows in nonminimally coupled Weyl connection gravity
• Shaving off soft hairs and the black hole image memory effect
• Beyond Sgr A* and M87*: Sub-Microarcsecond Black Hole Shadow Detection via Lunar-based Extremely Long Baseline Interferometry
• Optical appearance of regularized compact objects without an exterior photon sphere
• Investigating the interplay of the braneworld gravity and the plasma environment on the black hole shadow
• Scattering of massive particles from black holes and naked singularities
• Images of the accretion disk in Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
• Parameter Inference of Black Hole Images using Deep Learning in Visibility Space
• Orbit design for mitigating interstellar scattering effects in Earth-space VLBI observations of Sgr A*
• Typical reconstruction limit and phase transition of maximum entropy method
• Ultra-high energy cosmic rays with UFA-15 source model in Bumblebee gravity theory
• Gravitational Deflection of Vector Photons via Effective Field Theory
• Effect of primary scalar hair on black hole's strong lensing in Beyond Horndeski Gravity
• Modelling Cosmic Rays Flux with Pierre Auger and Telescope Array Data in $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{R})$ and $\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{Q})$ Theories of Gravity
• Photon Ring Dimming as a Signature of Photon-Axion Conversion in Janis-Newman-Winicour Naked Singularity
• Charged spherically symmetric black holes in the Lyra geometry and a preliminary investigation on the overcharging process
• Images of black holes viewed by distant observer
• What are the parities of photon-ring images near a black hole?
• Testing the black hole area law with Event Horizon Telescope
• DoG-HiT: A novel VLBI Multiscale Imaging Approach
• Implication of spin constraints by the Event Horizon Telescope on stellar orbits in the Galactic Center
• Variable structure in the PDS70 disc and uncertainties in radio-interferometric image restoration
• CS-ROMER: A novel compressed sensing framework for Faraday depth reconstruction
• Timing of echoes in electromagnetic radiation from hot spots orbiting a Kerr black hole impostor
• Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
• Probing the innermost regions of AGN jets and their magnetic fields with RadioAstron. V. Space and ground millimeter-VLBI imaging of OJ 287
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) II: CLEAN Strategies for Synthesizing Images of Molecular Line Emission in Protoplanetary Disks
• High Resolution Imaging of a Black Hole Shadow with Millimetron Orbit around Lagrange Point L2
• Towards High-Precision Parton Distributions From Lattice QCD via Distillation
• How narrow is the M87* ring? I. The choice of closure likelihood function
• A revised view of the linear polarization in the subparsec core of M87 at 7 mm
• General relativistic radiation transport: Implications for VLBI/EHT observations of AGN discs, winds and jets
• Visible shapes of black holes M87* and SgrA*