Rings and images of Horndeski hairy black hole illuminated by various thin accretions

Abstract

We analyze the light rays around a static hairy black hole in Horndeski gravity with the use of ray-tracing procedure. We find that a stronger Horndeski hairy parameter corresponds to larger photon sphere as well as critical impact parameter, and wider ranges of photon ring and lensed ring emissions. These influences can be robustly interpreted from the shape of the effective potential of the photon's radial motion. Based on the distribution of the light rays, we then investigate the optical appearances of the Horndeski hairy black hole surrounded by various thin accretions. Firstly, we consider that the Horndeski hairy black hole is illuminated by the optically and geometrically thin accretion disk. We carefully clarify the contributions from the direct, lensed ring and photon ring intensities to the total observed intensity via the transfer function, which is rarely discussed in this scenario. We find that the Horndeski hair has significant influences on both shadow size and distributions of direct, lensed ring and photon ring brightness in three standard emission profiles. As a result, the rings and images of Horndeski hairy black hole and the origination of their brightness differentiate from those of Schwarzschild black hole (SBH). Then, when the Horndeski hairy black hole is illuminated by thin spherical accretions, the hairy black hole's shadow surrounded by a bright ring is larger than that of SBH, but the brightness of ring is fainter. Similar to that of SBH, the size of hairy black hole shadow does not change as the radial moving of the spherical accretion, and the brightness for the infalling accretion is fainter than that for the static accretion due to the Doppler effect. Therefore, we argue that the black hole image consisting of the shadow and accretion construction could, in theory, reflect the observational differences between the Horndeski hairy black hole and SBH.

21 pages, 13 figures, matching the version published in PRD

References in corpus (57)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI: Testing the Black Hole Metric
• Black Hole Shadows, Photon Rings, and Lensing Rings
• Horndeski theory and beyond: a review
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. III: Imaging of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multi-wavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
• Nonlinear electrodynamics effects on the black hole shadow, deflection angle, quasinormal modes and greybody factors
• Black holes with non-minimal derivative coupling
• The Shadow of a Spherically Accreting Black Hole
• Shadows and photon spheres with spherical accretions in the four-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole
• Parameter estimation of hairy Kerr black holes from its shadow and constraints from M87*
• Influence of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of black hole
• Asymptotically locally AdS and flat black holes in the presence of an electric field in the Horndeski scenario
• Probing a nonlinear electrodynamics black hole with thin accretion disk, shadow and deflection angle with M87* and Sgr A* from EHT
• Influence of Quantum Correction on the Black Hole Shadows, Photon Rings and Lensing Rings
• Image of Kerr-Melvin black hole with thin accretion disk
• Strong gravitational lensing and shadow constraint from M87* of slowly rotating Kerr-like black hole
• Constraining a modified gravity theory in strong gravitational lensing and black hole shadow observations
• No-Hair Theorem in the Wake of Event Horizon Telescope
• Photon Spheres and Spherical Accretion Image of a Hairy Black Hole
• Imprints of Dark Matter on Black Hole Shadows using Spherical Accretions
• Testing Rotating Regular Metrics with EHT Results of Sgr A*
• Testing Horndeski Gravity from EHT Observational Results for Rotating Black Holes
• Photon rings of spherically symmetric black holes and robust tests of non-Kerr metrics
• Shadows and rings of the Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole surrounded by thin disk accretion
• Parameters estimation and strong gravitational lensing of nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes
• Black Hole Images as Tests of General Relativity: Effects of Spacetime Geometry
• Linear stability analysis of hairy black holes in quadratic degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor theories: Odd-parity perturbations
• Constraining some Horndeski gravity theories
• An Upper Limit on the Charge of the Black Hole Sgr A* from EHT Observations
• Probing the Lorentz Symmetry Violation Using the First Image of Sagittarius A*: Constraints on Standard-Model Extension Coefficients
• Influence of Accretion Flow and Magnetic Charge on the Observed Shadows and Rings of the Hayward Black Hole
• Analytical study of higher-order ring images of accretion disk around black hole
• The shadow and photon sphere of the charged black hole in Rastall gravity
• Investigating strong gravitational lensing effects by suppermassive black holes with Horndeski gravity
• Photon regions, shadow observables and constraints from M87* of a charged rotating black hole
• Optical appearance of Einstein-Æther black hole surrounded by thin disk
• Existence and Instability of Novel Hairy Black Holes in Shift-symmetric Horndeski Theories
• Rotating Black Holes in Horndeski Gravity: Thermodynamic and Gravitational Lensing
• Building a Holographic Superconductor with a Scalar Field Coupled Kinematically to Einstein Tensor
• Image of a regular phantom compact object and its luminosity under spherical accretions
• First-order thermodynamics of Horndeski gravity
• Black hole shadow to probe modified gravity
• Observational Appearances of Magnetically Charged Black Holes in Born-Infeld Electrodynamics
• Polarimetric signatures of the photon ring of a black hole that is pierced by a cosmic axion string
• Thermodynamics of Horndeski black holes with non-minimal derivative coupling
• Shear viscosity from black holes in generalized scalar-tensor theories in arbitrary dimensions
• Superradiant energy extraction from rotating hairy Horndeski black holes
• Transport properties in the Horndeski holographic two-currents model

Cited by in corpus (26)

• Investigating shadow images and rings of the charged Horndeski black hole illuminated by various thin accretions
• Black hole surrounded by the pseudo-isothermal dark matter halo
• Images from disk and spherical accretions of hairy Schwarzschild black holes
• Shadows, rings and optical appearance of a magnetically charged regular black hole illuminated by various accretion disks
• Image of the Kerr-Newman black hole surrounded by a thin accretion disk
• The effect of scalar hair on the charged black hole with the images from accretions disk
• Shadows and photon rings of a spherically accreting Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole
• Gravitational lensing and shadow by a Schwarzschild-like black hole in metric-affine bumblebee gravity
• Shadows and optical appearance of quantum-corrected black holes illuminated by static thin accretions
• Periodic orbits and gravitational waveforms in quantum-corrected black hole spacetimes
• Shadows and rings of a de Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole
• Distinguishing black holes with and without spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories via optical features
• Optical Appearance and Shadow of Kalb-Ramond Black Hole: Effects of Plasma and Accretion Models
• Black hole photon ring beyond General Relativity: an integrable parametrization
• Perturbations of massless external fields in Horndeski hairy black hole
• Remarks on the light ring images and the optical appearance of hairy black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity
• Charged Black Holes in the Kalb-Ramond Background with Lorentz Violation: Null Geodesics and Optical Appearance of a Thin Accretion Disk
• Gravitational odd-parity perturbation of a Horndeski hairy black hole: quasinormal mode and parameter constraint
• Shadows and Observational Images of a Schwarzschild-like Black Hole Surrounded by a Dehnen-type Dark Matter Halo
• Aberration effect on lower-order images of thin accretion disk in the astrometric approach
• Image of the time-dependent black hole
• Image of a quantum-corrected black hole without Cauchy horizons illuminated by a static thin accretion disk
• Exploring black holes with multiple photon spheres by interferometric signatures
• Geodesic dynamics and multi-inclination images of a non-minimally coupled black hole with a thin accretion disk
• Equatorial periodic orbits and gravitational wave signatures in Euler-Heisenberg black holes surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
• Analytical approach for calculating shadow of dynamical black hole