Can the supermassive objects at the centers of galaxies be traversable wormholes? The first test of strong gravity for mm/sub-mm VLBI facilities

Abstract

The near future mm/sub-mm VLBI experiments are ambitious projects aiming at imaging the "shadow" of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the Milky Way and of the ones in nearby galaxies. An accurate observation of the shape of the shadow can potentially test the nature of these objects and verify if they are Kerr black holes, as predicted by general relativity. However, previous work on the subject has shown that the shadows produced in other spacetimes are very similar to the one of the Kerr background, suggesting that tests of strong gravity are not really possible with these facilities in the near future. In this work, I instead point out that it will be relatively easy to distinguish black holes from wormholes, topologically non-trivial structures of the spacetime that might have been formed in the early Universe and might connect our Universe with other universes.

5 pages, 2 figures. v2: some typos corrected

References in corpus (14)

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• Thin accretion disks in stationary axisymmetric wormhole spacetimes
• A code to compute the emission of thin accretion disks in non-Kerr space-times and test the nature of black hole candidates
• Shape and position of the shadow in the $\delta =2$ Tomimatsu-Sato space-time
• Electromagnetic signatures of thin accretion disks in wormhole geometries
• Testing the space-time geometry around black hole candidates with the analysis of the broad K$\alpha$ iron line
• Astrophysics of Wormholes
• Broad K$\alpha$ iron line from accretion disks around traversable wormholes
• Wave Effect in Gravitational Lensing by the Ellis Wormhole
• Testing the existence of regions of stable orbits at small radii around black hole candidates

Cited by in corpus (153)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Shadow of rotating regular black holes
• Testing black hole candidates with electromagnetic radiation
• Shadows of spherically symmetric black holes and naked singularities
• Nonlinear electrodynamics effects on the black hole shadow, deflection angle, quasinormal modes and greybody factors
• Modelling wormholes in $f(R,T)$ gravity
• Photon Rings around Kerr and Kerr-like Black Holes
• The Shadow of a Rotating Traversable Wormhole
• Shadows and photon spheres with spherical accretions in the four-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole
• Constraining the spin and the deformation parameters from the black hole shadow
• Influence of quintessence dark energy on the shadow of black hole
• Black hole shadow in a general rotating spacetime obtained through Newman-Janis algorithm
• Shadows of rotating wormholes
• Measuring the Kerr spin parameter of regular black holes from their shadow
• Strong gravitational lensing by wormholes
• Towards the event horizon -- the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center
• Strong gravitational lensing and shadow constraint from M87* of slowly rotating Kerr-like black hole
• Testing wormhole solutions in extended gravity through the Poynting-Robertson effect
• General relativistic Poynting-Robertson effect to diagnose wormholes existence: static and spherically symmetric case
• Can we distinguish black holes from naked singularities by the images of their accretion disks?
• Imprints of Dark Matter on Black Hole Shadows using Spherical Accretions
• A novel gravitational lensing feature by wormholes
• Astrophysical Wormholes
• The shadows and observational appearance of a noncommutative black hole surrounded by various profiles of accretions
• Shadow of a Naked Singularity without Photon Sphere
• Photon rings of spherically symmetric black holes and robust tests of non-Kerr metrics
• Reflection-asymmetric wormholes and their double shadows
• Search for astrophysical rotating Ellis wormholes with X-ray reflection spectroscopy
• Axion-plasmon or magnetized plasma effect on an observable shadow and gravitational lensing of a Schwarzschild black hole
• Scalar and axial quasinormal modes of massive static phantom wormholes
• Analytical approach to strong gravitational lensing from ultracompact objects
• K$\alpha$ iron line profile from accretion disks around regular and singular exotic compact objects
• Rotating Ellis Wormholes in Four Dimensions
• Distinguishing black holes and wormholes with orbiting hot spots
• Novel shadows from the asymmetric thin-shell wormhole
• Geometry of Spinning Ellis Wormholes
• QED and accretion flow models effect on optical appearance of Euler-Heisenberg black holes
• Observational signatures of wormholes with thin accretion disks
• Investigating shadow images and rings of the charged Horndeski black hole illuminated by various thin accretions
• Thin accretion disk in the Simpson-Visser black-bounce and wormhole spacetimes
• Wormholes with nonexotic matter in Born-Infeld gravity
• Ergosphere and shadow of a rotating regular black hole
• Testing the nature of the black hole candidate in GRO J1655-40 with the relativistic precession model
• The shadow and photon sphere of the charged black hole in Rastall gravity
• Shadows of CPR black holes and tests of the Kerr metric
• Rings and images of Horndeski hairy black hole illuminated by various thin accretions
• Using iron line reverberation and spectroscopy to distinguish Kerr and non-Kerr black holes
• Constraints on Barrow entropy from M87* and S2 star observations
• The Optical Appearance of Charged Four-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Black Hole with Strings Cloud and Non-Commutative Geometry Surrounded by Various Accretions Profiles
• Shadows and negative precession in non-Kerr spacetime
• Measuring the Kerr spin parameter of a non-Kerr compact object with the continuum-fitting and the iron line methods
• Shadow of nulllike and timelike naked singularities without photon spheres
• Gravitational lensing for a boosted Kerr black hole in the presence of plasma
• Traversable Wormholes in $f(R,T)$ Gravity
• The feature of shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions
• Motion of Particles and Gravitational Lensing Around (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black holes in Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Distinguishing gravitational and emission physics in black-hole imaging: spherical symmetry
• Deflection angle and shadow of the Reissner-Nordström black hole with higher-order magnetic correction in Einstein-nonlinear-Maxwell fields
• Epicyclic Oscillations around Simpson-Visser Regular Black Holes and Wormholes
• Image of a regular phantom compact object and its luminosity under spherical accretions
• Shadow and Photon Sphere of Black Hole in Clouds of Strings and Quintessence
• Images from disk and spherical accretions of hairy Schwarzschild black holes
• Quantum effects on the black hole shadow and deflection angle in presence of plasma
• Rotating black holes without ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry and their shadow images
• Black holes surrounded by Einstein clusters as models of dark matter fluid
• Shadow and deflection angle of asymptotic, magnetically-charged, non-singular black hole
• Observational predictions of LQG motivated polymerized black holes and constraints from Sgr A* and M87*
• Light Ring behind Wormhole Throat: Geodesics, Images and Shadows
• Black Hole Shadows in Verlinde's Emergent Gravity
• Rotating wormhole solutions with a complex phantom scalar field
• Charged Wormhole Solutions in Einstein-Cartan gravity
• Quasi-periodic oscillations from the accretion disk around rotating traversable wormholes
• High energy collision of two particles in wormhole spacetimes
• Boson Stars with Nontrivial Topology
• Charged black-bounce spacetimes: Photon rings, shadows and observational appearances
• Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Rotating Ellis Wormhole Spacetimes
• Geodesic motion around traversable wormholes supported by a massless conformally-coupled scalar field
• Confined-exotic-matter wormholes with no gluing effects -- Imaging supermassive wormholes and black holes
• Spinning Wormholes in Scalar-Tensor Theory
• Strong gravitational lensing by a strongly naked null singularity
• Shadows, rings and optical appearance of a magnetically charged regular black hole illuminated by various accretion disks
• Note on a new parametrization for testing the Kerr metric
• Perihelion Precession and Shadows near Blackholes and Naked Singularities
• Traversable wormholes in beyond Horndeski theories
• Correspondence between quasinormal modes and the shadow radius in a wormhole spacetime
• Constraining Wormhole Geometries using the Orbit of S2 Star and the Event Horizon Telescope
• Traversable Wormhole in Einstein 3-Form Theory With Self-Interacting Potential
• Hiding a neutron star inside a wormhole
• Testing the nature of the supermassive black hole candidate in SgrA* with light curves and images of hot spots
• Gravitational effect of plasma particles on the shadow of Schwarzschild black holes
• Testing Born-Infeld $f(T)$ teleparallel gravity through Sgr A${}^{\star }$ observations
• Traversable Morris-Thorne-Buchdahl wormholes in quadratic gravity
• Deflection of Light and Shadow Cast by a Dual Charged Stringy Black Hole
• Polar modes and isospectrality of Ellis-Bronnikov wormholes
• Ellis Wormholes in Anti-De Sitter Space
• Search for wormhole candidates in active galactic nuclei: radiation from colliding accreting flows
• Symmetric and Asymmetric Wormholes Immersed In Rotating Matter
• An exponential shape function for wormholes in modified gravity
• Dark matter signatures of black holes with Yukawa potential
• The effect of scalar hair on the charged black hole with the images from accretions disk
• Probing Quadratic Gravity with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Exploring Nonlinear Electrodynamics Theories: Shadows of Regular Black Holes and Horizonless Ultra-Compact Objects
• Shadows and photon rings of a spherically accreting Kehagias-Sfetsos black hole
• Wormholes Immersed in Rotating Matter
• A new shape function for wormholes in $f(R)$ gravity and General Relativity
• Dark sector impact on gravitational collapse of an electrically charged scalar field
• Can we observationally test the weak cosmic censorship conjecture?
• Collisional Penrose Process in Rotating Wormhole Spacetime
• Geodesic structure, shadow and optical appearance of black hole immersed in Chaplygin-like dark fluid
• Accretion of matter onto black holes in massive gravity with Lorentz symmetry breaking
• Shadows and optical appearance of quantum-corrected black holes illuminated by static thin accretions
• Quasinormal modes of rapidly rotating Ellis-Bronnikov wormholes
• Search for traversable wormholes in active galactic nuclei using X-ray data
• Phantom energy supported wormhole model in $f(R,T)$ gravity assuming conformal motion
• Wormhole solutions sourced by fluids, II: Three-fluid two-charged sources
• Gravitational atoms in the braneworld scenario
• Testing a class of non-Kerr metrics with hot spots orbiting SgrA${}^{\ast }$
• Testing horizon topology with electromagnetic observations
• A Unified Spectral Approach for Quasinormal Modes of Morris-Thorne Wormholes
• Observational signatures of a static $f(R)$ black hole with thin accretion disk
• Shadows and rings of a de Sitter-Schwarzschild black hole
• Hairy Wormholes and Bartnik-McKinnon Solutions
• Melvin Universe in Born-Infeld gravity
• Comparing thin accretion disk properties of naked singularities and black holes
• Non--Abelian Wormholes Threaded by Yang--Mills--Higgs Field in the BPS Limit
• Distinguishing black holes with and without spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories via optical features
• Non-Abelian Wormholes Threaded by a Yang-Mills-Higgs Field beyond the BPS Limit
• Theory and phenomenology of a four dimensional string-corrected black hole
• Characterising exotic matter driving wormhole
• Optical Appearance and Shadow of Kalb-Ramond Black Hole: Effects of Plasma and Accretion Models
• Investigating the shadows of new regular black holes with a Minkowski core: Effects of spherical accretion and core type differences
• Shadows and photon spheres in static and rotating traversable wormholes
• Static spherically symmetric wormhole with quadratic shape function and particle trajectories around it
• Thermodynamic and observational constraints on black holes with primary hair in Beyond Horndeski Gravity: Stability and shadows
• Radial perturbations of Ellis-Bronnikov wormholes in slow rotation up to second order
• Symmetric wormholes in Einstein-vector-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Shadows and Observational Images of a Schwarzschild-like Black Hole Surrounded by a Dehnen-type Dark Matter Halo
• Search for Wormhole Candidates: Accreting Wormholes with Monopole Magnetic Fields
• Geodesics in Generalised Ellis-Bronnikov Spacetime Embedded in Warped 5D Background
• Strong Gravitational Lensing by Compact Object without Cauchy Horizons in Effective Quantum Gravity
• Charged spherically symmetric Taub-NUT black hole solutions in $f(R)$ gravity
• Quadrupole perturbations of slowly spinning Ellis-Bronnikov wormholes
• An exact Kerr-like rotating Morris--Thorne wormhole: throat, ergoregion and equatorial shadow slice
• Shadows and photon spheres of static black holes embedded in a Dehnen-(1,4,5/2)-type dark matter halo with a quintessential field
• Wormholes in Poincarè gauge theory of gravity
• Shadow cast by a rotating black hole with anisotropic matter
• Visible shapes of black holes M87* and SgrA*
• D2 brane as the wormhole and the number of the universes
• Photon Ring Dimming as a Signature of Photon-Axion Conversion in Janis-Newman-Winicour Naked Singularity
• Testing General Relativity with Black Hole X-Ray Data and ABHModels
• Field Sources for Generalized Ellis-Bronnikov Wormhole