Rotating black holes without ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry and their shadow images

Abstract

The recent detection of gravitational waves from black hole coalescences and the first image of the black hole shadow enhance the possibilities of testing gravitational theories in the strong-field regime. In this paper, we study the physical properties and the shadow image of a class of Kerr-like rotating black holes, whose ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry is generically broken. Such black hole solutions could arise in effective low-energy theories of a fundamental quantum theory of gravity, such as string theory. Within a theory-agnostic framework, we require that the Kerr-like solutions are asymptotically flat, and assume that a Carter-like constant is preserved, enabling the geodesic equations to be fully separable. Subject to these two requirements, we find that the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ asymmetry of the spacetime is characterized by two arbitrary functions of polar angle. The shadow image turns out to be ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetric on the celestial coordinates. Furthermore, the shadow is completely blind to one of the arbitrary functions. The other function, although would affect the apparent size of the shadow, it hardly distorts the shadow contour and has merely no degeneracy with the spin parameter. Therefore, the parameters in this function can be constrained with black hole shadows, only when the mass and the distance of the black hole from the earth are measured with great precision.

arXiv comment22 pages, 9 figures. Updated to match the published version

References in corpus (95)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• Viewing the Shadow of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• Progress in Lunar Laser Ranging Tests of Relativistic Gravity
• Shadows and strong gravitational lensing: a brief review
• Shadows of Kerr black holes with scalar hair
• Testing the rotational nature of the supermassive object M87* from the circularity and size of its first image
• Measurement of the Kerr Spin Parameter by Observation of a Compact Object's Shadow
• Photon Regions and Shadows of Kerr-Newman-NUT Black Holes with a Cosmological Constant
• Shadow of rotating regular black holes
• A Metric for Rapidly Spinning Black Holes Suitable for Strong-Field Tests of the No-Hair Theorem
• Hunting for extra dimensions in the shadow of M87*
• Shadow of a black hole surrounded by dark matter
• A new method for shadow calculations: application to parameterised axisymmetric black holes
• Shadow of a rotating braneworld black hole
• Observing the shadow of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole
• Testing black hole candidates with electromagnetic radiation
• Magnetically charged black holes from non-linear electrodynamics and the Event Horizon Telescope
• Mapping spacetimes with LISA: inspiral of a test-body in a `quasi-Kerr' field
• Null geodesics and shadow of a rotating black hole in extended Chern-Simons modified gravity
• The Current Ability to Test Theories of Gravity with Black Hole Shadows
• General parametrization of axisymmetric black holes in metric theories of gravity
• Black hole shadow in an asymptotically-flat, stationary, and axisymmetric spacetime: The Kerr-Newman and rotating regular black holes
• Regular Black Hole Metric with Three Constants of Motion
• Shadow of a Kaluza-Klein rotating dilaton black hole
• Can the supermassive objects at the centers of galaxies be traversable wormholes? The first test of strong gravity for mm/sub-mm VLBI facilities
• Gravitational deflection of light and shadow cast by rotating Kalb-Ramond black holes
• Photon Rings around Kerr and Kerr-like Black Holes
• A coordinate-independent characterization of a black hole shadow
• Shadows of Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet black holes
• The Shadow of a Rotating Traversable Wormhole
• Shadow and Deflection Angle of Rotating Black Holes in Perfect Fluid Dark Matter with a Cosmological Constant
• Black Hole Parameter Estimation from Its Shadow
• Shadow cast and Deflection angle of Kerr-Newman-Kasuya spacetime
• Black hole shadow in an expanding universe with a cosmological constant
• Constraining the spin and the deformation parameters from the black hole shadow
• Detection of gravitational waves from black holes: Is there a window for alternative theories?
• Shadow of Kerr-Taub-NUT black hole
• Silhouette of M87*: A new window to peek into the world of hidden dimensions
• Black Hole Based Tests of General Relativity
• Shadow and Quasinormal Modes of a Rotating Loop Quantum Black Hole
• Black Hole Surrounded by a Dark Matter Halo in the M87 Galactic Center and its Identification with Shadow Images
• Black hole shadow in a general rotating spacetime obtained through Newman-Janis algorithm
• Fundamental photon orbits: black hole shadows and spacetime instabilities
• Shadows of rotating wormholes
• Measuring the Kerr spin parameter of regular black holes from their shadow
• Black holes in an Effective Field Theory extension of GR
• Shadow cast and deflection of light by charged rotating regular black holes
• Bumpy Black Holes in Alternate Theories of Gravity
• Shadows and deflection angle of charged and slowly rotating black holes in Einstein-Æther theory
• Shadow of a Spinning Black Hole in an Expanding Universe
• Incidences between points and lines on a two-dimensional variety
• Modified Gravity Black Holes and their Observable Shadows
• Shapes of rotating nonsingular black hole shadows
• Concerns regarding the use of black hole shadows as standard rulers
• Black hole mimicker hiding in the shadow: Optical properties of the $\gamma$-metric
• Exact Kerr-like solution and its shadow in a gravity model with spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
• Shadow casted by a Konoplya-Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole
• Rotating Black Hole Shadow in Perfect Fluid Dark Matter
• Leading higher-derivative corrections to Kerr geometry
• Asymptotic safety casts its shadow
• Black Hole Shadows of Charged Spinning Black Holes
• On the shadow of rotating traversable wormholes
• On generic parametrizations of spinning black-hole geometries
• Does the black hole shadow probe the event horizon geometry?
• Shadows, Signals, and Stability in Einsteinian Cubic Gravity
• Shadow cast by rotating braneworld black holes with a cosmological constant
• Horizon structure of rotating Einstein-Born-Infeld black holes and shadow
• Shadow of a black hole at cosmological distance
• Rotating regular black holes in conformal massive gravity
• Shadows of Kerr-like black holes in a modified gravity theory
• Black Hole Shadow as a Test of General Relativity: Quadratic Gravity
• Event Horizon Telescope Observations as Probes for Quantum Structure of Astrophysical Black Holes
• Shadow of noncommutative geometry inspired black hole
• Shadow of a Charged Rotating Non-Commutative Black Hole
• Axisymmetric black holes allowing for separation of variables in the Klein-Gordon and Hamilton-Jacobi equation
• Preserving Kerr symmetries in deformed spacetimes
• Black hole shadow as a standard ruler in cosmology
• Shadows of CPR black holes and tests of the Kerr metric
• Testing the equivalence principle via the shadow of black holes
• Asymptotically flat, parameterized black hole metric preserving Kerr symmetries
• Shadow of a rotating squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole
• Black hole shadow of a rotating polytropic black hole by the Newman--Janis algorithm without complexification
• Cosmic Censorship and parametrized spinning black-hole geometries
• Note on a new parametrization for testing the Kerr metric
• On some novel features of the Kerr-Newman-NUT Spacetime
• Shadow of a noncommutative geometry inspired Ayón Beato García black hole
• A new cosmological probe using super-massive black hole shadows
• Isolated black holes without ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ isometry
• Separability of the Klein-Gordon equation for rotating spacetimes obtained from Newman-Janis algorithm

Cited by in corpus (36)

• Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Black holes with scalar hair in light of the Event Horizon Telescope
• QED Effect on Black Hole Shadow
• Superradiance evolution of black hole shadows revisited
• Can different black holes cast the same shadow?
• Imprints of Dark Matter on Black Hole Shadows using Spherical Accretions
• Connection Between the Shadow Radius and Quasinormal Modes in Rotating Spacetimes
• Einstein-Æther Gravity in the light of Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87*
• Shadow, quasinormal modes and quasiperiodic oscillations of rotating Kaluza-Klein black holes
• Shadows of parametrized axially symmetric black holes allowing for separation of variables
• Superradiant evolution of the shadow and photon ring of Sgr A${}^{\star }$
• From a locality-principle for new physics to image features of regular spinning black holes with disks
• Constraints on Barrow entropy from M87* and S2 star observations
• Gravitational Footprints of Black Holes and Their Microstate Geometries
• Photon regions, shadow observables and constraints from M87* of a charged rotating black hole
• Kerr black holes with synchronised Proca hair: lensing, shadows and EHT constraints
• Quasinormal modes-shadow correspondence for rotating regular black holes
• Shadows and precession of orbits in rotating Janis-Newman-Winicour spacetime
• Black Hole Photon Rings Beyond General Relativity
• On Detecting Equatorial Symmetry Breaking with LISA
• Testing Born-Infeld $f(T)$ teleparallel gravity through Sgr A${}^{\star }$ observations
• Eikonal quasinormal modes and photon orbits of deformed Schwarzschild black holes
• A Lensing-Band Approach to Spacetime Constraints
• Generating Rotating Spacetime in Ricci-Based Gravity: Naked Singularity as a Black Hole Mimicker
• Testing black hole equatorial reflection symmetry using Sgr A* shadow images
• Black Hole Shadow with Soft Hair
• Twisting shadows: Light rings, lensing and shadows of black holes in swirling universes
• Possible connection between the reflection symmetry and existence of equatorial circular orbit
• Geodesic analysis and black hole shadows on a general non--extremal rotating black hole in five--dimensional gauged supergravity
• Parameter estimation of Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson black holes using their shadows
• Curved accretion disks around rotating black holes without reflection symmetry
• Resonant orbits of rotating black holes beyond circularity: Discontinuity along parameter shift
• Black hole photon ring beyond General Relativity: an integrable parametrization
• Exact solution for rotating black holes in parity-violating gravity
• Image of Quantum Improved Regular Kerr Black Hole and Parameter Constraints from EHT Observations
• Observational features of reflection asymmetric black holes