Investigating the Disk-Jet Structure in M87 through Flux Separation in the Linear and Circular Polarization Images

Abstract

For testing different electron temperature ($T_{\mathrm{e}}$) prescriptions in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) simulations through observations, we propose to utilize linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) images. We calculate the polarization images based on a semi-Magnetically Arrested Disk (MAD) GRMHD model for various $T_{\mathrm{e}}$ parameters, bearing M87 in mind. We find an LP-CP separation in the images of the low-$T_{\mathrm{e}}$ disk cases at 230 GHz; namely, the LP flux mainly originates from downstream of the jet and the CP flux comes from the counter-side jet, while the total intensity is maximum at the jet base. This can be understood as follows: although the LP flux is generated through synchrotron emission widely around the black hole, most of the LP flux from the jet base does not reach the observer, since it undergoes Faraday rotation ($\propto T_{\mathrm{e}}^{-2}$) when passing through the outer cold disk and is thus depolarized. Hence, only the LP flux from the downstream (not passing the cold dense plasmas) can survive. Meanwhile, the CP flux is generated from the LP flux by Faraday conversion ($\propto T_{\mathrm{e}}$) in the inner hot region. Stronger CP flux is thus observed from the counter-side jet. Moreover, the LP-CP separation is more enhanced at a lower frequency such as 86 GHz but is rather weak at 43 GHz, since the media in the latter case is optically thick for synchrotron self-absorption so that all the fluxes should come from the photosphere. The same is true for cases with higher mass accretion rates and/or larger inclination angles.

arXiv comment30 pages, 31 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (91)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• Advection-Dominated Accretion: Underfed Black Holes and Neutron Stars
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
• Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• On the Fate of Gas Accreting at a Low Rate onto a Black Hole
• A Search for "Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. III. Spectroscopic Parameters and Properties of the Host Galaxies
• Efficient Generation of Jets from Magnetically Arrested Accretion on a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
• General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Magnetically Choked Accretion Flows around Black Holes
• HARM: A Numerical Scheme for General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
• Magnetically Arrested Disk: An Energetically Efficient Accretion Flow
• The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. XIII. SBF Distance Catalog and the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Virgo Cluster
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
• GRMHD Simulations of Magnetized Advection Dominated Accretion on a Non-Spinning Black Hole: Role of Outflows
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring
• The Black-Hole Mass in M87 from Gemini/NIFS Adaptive Optics Observations
• Jet Launching Structure Resolved Near the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
• The supermassive black hole of M87 and the kinematics of its associated gaseous disk
• The Structure and Dynamics of the Sub-parsec Scale Jet in M87 Based on 50 VLBA Observations Over 17 Years at 43 GHz
• Fast variability of TeV gamma-rays from the radio galaxy M 87
• General relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the jet in M87
• Primitive Variable Solvers for Conservative General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
• Accretion onto the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
• The Structure of the M87 Jet: A Transition from Parabolic to Conical Streamlines
• Angular Momentum Transport by MHD Turbulence in Accretion Disks: Gas Pressure Dependence of the Saturation Level of the Magnetorotational Instability
• Kinematics of the jet in M87 on scales of 100 -- 1000 Schwarzschild radii
• High Resolution Linear Polarimetric Imaging for the Event Horizon Telescope
• A High Resolution X-ray Image of the Jet in M 87
• Assessing Quantitative Results in Accretion Simulations: From Local to Global
• Resolved Magnetic-Field Structure and Variability Near the Event Horizon of Sagittarius A*
• The Inner Jet of the Radio Galaxy M87
• A public code for general relativistic, polarised radiative transfer around spinning black holes
• Energy, momentum and mass outflows and feedback from thick accretion discs around rotating black holes
• Observations of the Blandford-Znajek and the MHD Penrose processes in computer simulations of black hole magnetospheres
• The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare & 10 years of multi-wavelength observations of M 87
• The limb-brightened jet of M87 down to 7 Schwarzschild radii scale
• Imaging the Schwarzschild-radius-scale Structure of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using Sparse Modeling
• High-Sensitivity 86GHz (3.5mm) VLBI Observations of M87: Deep Imaging of the Jet Base at a 10 Schwarzschild-Radius Resolution
• Imaging the Black Hole Silhouette of M87: Implications for Jet Formation and Black Hole Spin
• A prescription for the turbulent heating of astrophysical plasmas
• Two-temperature, Magnetically Arrested Disc simulations of the jet from the supermassive black hole in M87
• Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87
• The size of the jet launching region in M87
• High Frequency VLBI Imaging of the Jet Base of M87
• Innermost collimation structure of the M87 jet down to ~ten Schwarzschild radii
• Thermal disequilibration of ions and electrons by collisionless plasma turbulence
• Measuring Mass Accretion Rate onto the Supermassive Black Hole in M 87 Using Faraday Rotation Measure with the Submillimeter Array
• Harmony in Electrons: Cyclotron and Synchrotron Emission by Thermal Electrons in a Magnetic Field
• A View through Faraday's Fog 2: Parsec Scale Rotation Measures in 40 AGN
• Coupled jet-disk model for Sgr A*: explaining the flat-spectrum radio core with GRMHD simulations of jets
• 230 GHz VLBI observations of M87: event-horizon-scale structure at the enhanced very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray state in 2012
• The Parabolic Jet Structure in M87 as a Magnetohydrodynamic Nozzle
• Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
• Polarimetric properties of Event Horizon Telescope targets from ALMA
• Imaging the Supermassive Black Hole Shadow and Jet Base of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Super-resolution Full Polarimetric Imaging for Radio Interferometry with Sparse Modeling
• Discovery of Sub- to Superluminal Motions in the M87 Jet: An Implication of the Acceleration from Sub-relativistic to Relativistic Speeds
• Faraday rotation in GRMHD simulations of the jet launching zone of M87
• Modeling non-thermal emission from the jet-launching region of M 87 with adaptive mesh refinement
• Faraday rotation in the jet of M87 inside the Bondi radius: indication of winds from hot accretion flows confining the relativistic jet
• A View through Faraday's fog: Parsec scale rotation measures in AGN
• Formation of Overheated Regions and Truncated Disks around Black Holes; Three-dimensional General Relativistic Radiation-magnetohydrodynamics Simulations
• Two-Temperature GRRMHD Simulations of M87
• Probing the magnetic field structure in Sgr A* on Black Hole Horizon Scales with Polarized Radiative Transfer Simulations
• Full Polarization Spectra of 3C 279
• Faraday Rotation Measures in the Parsec-Scale Jets of the Radio Galaxies M87, 3C 111, and 3C 120
• Kinematics of the M87 jet in the collimation zone: gradual acceleration and velocity stratification
• A parameter survey of Sgr A* radiative models from GRMHD simulations with self-consistent electron heating
• Radio Circular Polarization Produced in Helical Magnetic Fields in Eight Active Galactic Nuclei
• Comparison of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio prescription: GRMHD simulations with electron thermodynamics
• Does circular polarisation reveal the rotation of quasar engines?
• The impact of Faraday effects on polarized black hole images of Sagittarius A*
• Relativistic electrons and magnetic field of the M87 jet on ~ten Schwarzschild radii scale
• Theoretical Models for Producing Circularly Polarized Radiation in Extragalactic Radio Sources
• Black Hole Magnetic Fields and Their Imprint on Circular Polarization Images
• Decomposing the Internal Faraday Rotation of Black Hole Accretion Flows
• Propagation Effects in Magnetized Transrelativistic Plasmas
• RAPTOR II: Polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime
• Linear polarization in the nucleus of M87 at 7 mm and 1.3 cm
• Unraveling circular polarimetric images of magnetically arrested accretion flows near event horizon of a black hole
• Supercritical Accretion onto a Non-Magnetized Neutron Star: Why is it Feasible?
• Black Hole Spin Signature in the Black Hole Shadow of M87 in the Flaring State
• Positron Effects on Polarized Images and Spectra from Jet and Accretion Flow Models of M87* and Sgr A*
• The Magnetorotational Instability in the Kerr Metric
• Relative Astrometry of Compact Flaring Structures in Sgr A* with Polarimetric VLBI
• Determining the Composition of Relativistic Jets from Polarization Maps
• A Jet-Bases Emission Model of the EHT 2017 Image of M87*
• Polarization images of accretion flow around supermassive black holes: imprints of toroidal field structure
• Polarization Imaging of M87 Jets by General Relativistic Radiative Transfer Calculation based on GRMHD Simulations
• Resolving the rotation measure of the M87 jet on kilo-parsec scales
• Differentiating Disk and Black Hole Driven Jets with EHT Images of Variability in M87

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Unraveling Twisty Linear Polarization Morphologies in Black Hole Images
• Probing Axions via Light Circular Polarization and Event Horizon Telescope