WSClean: an implementation of a fast, generic wide-field imager for radio astronomy

Abstract

Astronomical widefield imaging of interferometric radio data is computationally expensive, especially for the large data volumes created by modern non-coplanar many-element arrays. We present a new widefield interferometric imager that uses the w-stacking algorithm and can make use of the w-snapshot algorithm. The performance dependencies of CASA's w-projection and our new imager are analysed and analytical functions are derived that describe the required computing cost for both imagers. On data from the Murchison Widefield Array, we find our new method to be an order of magnitude faster than w-projection, as well as being capable of full-sky imaging at full resolution and with correct polarisation correction. We predict the computing costs for several other arrays and estimate that our imager is a factor of 2-12 faster, depending on the array configuration. We estimate the computing cost for imaging the low-frequency Square-Kilometre Array observations to be 60 PetaFLOPS with current techniques. We find that combining w-stacking with the w-snapshot algorithm does not significantly improve computing requirements over pure w-stacking. The source code of our new imager is publicly released.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (7)

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• The Black Hole Candidate Swift J1728.9$-$3613 and the Supernova Remnant G351.9$-$0.9
• Interferometric imaging, and beam-formed study of a moving Type IV Radio burst with LOFAR
• Revealing the intricacies of radio galaxies and filaments in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2255. I. Insights from deep LOFAR-VLBI sub-arcsecond resolution images
• Robust direction-dependent gain-calibration of beam-modelling errors far from the target field
• Supernova remnant candidates identified using MWA Galactic Plane Monitoring over 285deg < l < 70deg and |b| < 16deg
• Large-scale radio bubbles around the black hole transient V4641 Sgr
• Polarized multiwavelength emission from pulsar wind - accretion disk interaction in a transitional millisecond pulsar
• The impact of lossy data compression on the power spectrum of the high redshift 21-cm signal with LOFAR
• Constraints on the magnetic field in the inter-cluster bridge A399-A401
• What drives the wheels of evolution in NGC 1512? A UVIT study
• First Robust Detection of Linear Polarization from Metric Solar Emissions: Challenging Established Paradigms
• Constraining the magnetic field in the galaxy cluster Abell 2142 using MeerKAT L-band polarisation data
• Determining the acceleration regions of in situ electrons using remote radio and X-ray observations
• Neutral hydrogen lensing simulations in the Hubble Frontier Fields
• A Spectropolarimetric Study of Pictor A Radio Galaxy with MeerKAT
• A LOFAR prompt search for radio emission accompanying X-ray flares in GRB 210112A
• A novel radio imaging method for physical spectral index modelling
• Synchrotron emission from double-peaked radio light curves of the symbiotic recurrent nova V3890 Sagitarii
• A MeerKAT view on galaxy clusters: a radio-optical study of Abell 1300 and MACS J1931.8--2634
• Strong low-frequency radio flaring from Cygnus X-3 observed with LOFAR
• Extreme AGN feedback in the fossil galaxy group SDSSTG 4436
• Application of Physics-Informed Neural Networks in Removing Telescope Beam Effects
• CHEX-MATE: New detections and properties of the radio diffuse emission in massive clusters with MeerKAT
• From 100 MHz to 10 GHz: Unveiling the spectral evolution of the X-shaped radio galaxy in Abell 3670
• Image plane detection of FRB121102 with the MeerKAT radio telescope
• Coronal Diagnostics of Solar Type-III Radio Bursts Using LOFAR and PSP Observations
• Periodic Radio and X-ray Emission from an Accreting White Dwarf Binary
• Imaging and spectropolarimetric observations of a band-split type II solar radio burst with LOFAR
• The Accretion-Ejection Connection in the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820$+$070
• The first high-redshift cavity power measurements of cool-core galaxy clusters with the International LOFAR Telescope
• Multi-Step Reconstruction of Radio-Interferometric Images
• A neutral hydrogen absorption study of cold gas in the outskirts of the Magellanic Clouds using the GASKAP-HI survey
• Non-thermal emission in galaxy groups at extremely low frequency: the case of A1213
• Radio emission from a massive node of the cosmic web. A discovery powered by machine learning
• Characterization of the AARTFAAC-12 aperture array: radio source counts at 42 and 61 MHz
• WS-Snapshot: An effective algorithm for wide-field and large-scale imaging
• HI in and behind the Hubble Frontier Field Clusters: A Deep MeerKAT Pilot Search out to $z\sim 0.5$
• The radio source in Abell 980: A Detached-Double-Double Radio Galaxy?
• Synthetic Observations with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) -- development towards an end-to-end pipeline
• Sub-kilometre scale ionospheric studies at the SKA-Low site, using MWA extended baselines
• The structure of the giant radio fossil in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster
• A circularly polarized low-frequency radio burst from the exoplanetary system HD 189733
• Einstein Probe discovery of the short period intermediate polar EP J115415.8-501810
• Toward a Robust R2D2 Paradigm for Radio-interferometric Imaging: Revisiting Deep Neural Network Training and Architecture
• Relighting the fire in Hickson Compact Group (HCG) 15: magnetised fossil plasma revealed by the SKA Pathfinders & Precursors
• A 15 Mpc rotating galaxy filament at redshift z = 0.032
• Source location and evolution of a multi-lane type II radio burst
• Convolutional Deep Denoising Autoencoders for Radio Astronomical Images
• Mapping Diffuse Radio Sources Using TUNA: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Approach
• LOFAR non-detections of SN 2023ixf in its first year post-explosion
• Single-pulse analysis and average emission characteristics of PSR J1820-0427 from observations made with the MWA and uGMRT
• Scalability Model for the LOFAR Direction Independent Pipeline
• Spectral features and variable circular polarisation in the radio emission from the pre-cataclysmic variable QS Vir
• An Extragalactic Widefield Search for Technosignatures with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Investigating four new candidate redback pulsars discovered in the image plane
• Detailed study of the Bootes field using 300-500 MHz uGMRT observations: Source Properties and radio--infrared correlations
• Optimising the Processing and Storage of Visibilities using lossy compression
• Solar Observation with MeerKAT: Demonstration of Technical Readiness and Initial Science Highlight
• MeerKAT discovery of GHz radio emission extending from Abell 3017 toward Abell 3016
• TABASCAL: Removing multi-satellite interference from radio interferometry observations
• MeerKAT view of Hickson Compact Groups:I. Data description and release
• A Matched Survey for the Enigmatic Low Radio Frequency Transient ILT J225347+862146
• Somewhere in between: Tracing the Radio Emission from Galaxy Groups (or Why Does the Future of Observing Galaxy Groups with Radio Telescopes Look Promising?)
• Imaging swiFTly: streaming widefield Fourier Transforms for large-scale interferometry
• A deep study of A399-401: An application for wide-field facet calibration
• Enhanced radio emission between a galaxy cluster pair
• Combined LOFAR-uGMRT analysis of the diffuse radio emission in the massive clusters Abell 773 and Abell 1351
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey -- I. Survey description and first evidence of ram pressure in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• Accelerating the CLEAN algorithm of radio interferometry with convex optimization
• The impact of lunar topography on the 21-cm power spectrum for grid-based arrays : Insights for the Dark-ages EXplorer (DEX)
• A Decentralized Framework for Radio-interferometric Image Reconstruction
• MOSS I: Double radio relics in the Saraswati supercluster
• Pilot study and early results of the Cosmic Filaments and Magnetism Survey with Nenufar: the Coma cluster field
• The radio afterglow of the ultra-long GRB 220627A
• The LOFAR sub-arcsecond view of the high-redshift radio relic in PSZ2G091.83+26.11
• The LeMMINGs survey: probing sub-kpc radio structures of nearby galaxies with e-MERLIN
• uGMRT and MeerKAT observation of RXCJ0232-4420: a quiet cluster with a giant radio halo
• BLINK: an End-To-End GPU High Time Resolution Imaging Pipeline for Fast Radio Burst Searches with the Murchison Widefield Array
• MeerKAT 21-cm HI imaging of Abell 2626 and beyond
• A persistent bow shock in a diskless magnetised accreting white dwarf
• Resurging from the ashes: A spectral study of seven candidate revived radio fossils in nearby low-mass galaxy clusters
• The Crab Nebula at subarcsecond resolution with the International LOFAR Telescope
• The Multi-Epoch Jet Outbursts in Abell 496: synchrotron ageing and buoyant X-ray cavities draped by warm gas filaments
• Efficiency Near the Edge: Increasing the Energy Efficiency of FFTs on GPUs for Real-time Edge Computing
• Processing of GASKAP-HI pilot survey data using a commercial supercomputer
• A MeerKAT survey of nearby dwarf novae: I. New detections
• Fast algorithms to approximate the position-dependent point spread function responses in radio interferometric wide-field imaging
• LOFAR 58 MHz Legacy Survey of the 3CRR Catalog
• Multiwavelength identification of millisecond pulsar candidates in the Galactic bulge
• CHILLING: Continuum Halos in LVHIS Local Irregular Nearby Galaxies - Radio continuum spectral behavior of dwarf galaxies
• Multi-wavelength insights into the pulsar wind nebula candidate near 1LHAASO J0343+5254u: an obscured merging galaxy cluster?
• Radio Burst and Circular Polarization Studies of the Solar Corona at Low Frequencies
• Lossless compression of simulated radio interferometric visibilities
• Adaptive Uniform Weighting: Pre-conditioning to Improve Image Fidelity
• HI gas in the rejuvenated radio galaxy PKS 2014-55
• Variability of Sagittarius A* at 3 GHz on minute-scale with MeerKAT
• A high-resolution study of the double radio relic system in MACS J1752.0+4440
• Direct Wide-Field Radio Imaging in Real-Time at High Time Resolution using Antenna Electric Fields
• Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays: SUBWAYS IV. Tracing Radio Emission and Unveiling the Role of Winds
• Wide-field GMRT imaging of X-shaped Radio-Galaxies: Spectral properties of 4C32.25 and 4C61.23
• MEDUSA I. Tracing magnetic field structures in tidal arms of the dwarf-dwarf merger NGC 1487
• Cosmic-ray electron propagation in NGC 3044 from radio continuum observations
• Mitigating gain calibration errors from EoR observations with SKA1-Low AA*
• Deep polarimetry study reveals double ring ORC-like structures
• MeerKAT observations of Procyon at 815.5 MHz
• Evidence of sloshing-driven mini-halo formation in the cool-core cluster RXCJ1558.3-1410
• Revealing the intricacies of radio galaxies and filaments in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2255. II. Properties of filaments using multi-frequency radio data
• A Study on Non-coplanar Baseline Effects for Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph
• The resolved jet of 3C 273 at 150 MHz
• Spectral analysis of spatially-resolved 3C295 (sub-arcsecond resolution) with the International LOFAR Telescope
• First detection of variable radio emission originating from the infant planetary system V1298 Tau
• MeerKAT observations of the spiral galaxy NGC 2997 in the S band. Detection of high dynamo modes
• Kiloparsec-scale imaging of the CO(1-0)-traced cold molecular gas reservoir in a z~3.4 submillimeter galaxy
• Jet-Cocoon Geometry in the Optically Dark, Very High Energy Gamma-ray Burst 201216C
• Broadband Modelling of GRB 230812B Afterglow: Implications for VHE $\gamma$-ray Detection with IACTs
• A Monte Carlo Implementation of Galactic Free-Free Emission for the EoR Foreground Models
• A LOFAR-uGMRT spectral index study of distant radio halos
• MIGHTEE: total intensity radio continuum imaging and the COSMOS / XMM-LSS Early Science fields
• High-Performance Gridding For Radio Interferometric Image Synthesis
• Implementation of 3D degridding algorithm on the NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA
• BIPP: An efficient HPC implementation of the Bluebild algorithm for radio astronomy
• On The Nature of Einstein Probe Transient EP250916a: Insights from X-ray, Optical, and Radio Observations
• Foreground Subtraction with a Tensor-Based Oriented Singular Value Decomposition Method for HI Experiments
• A VLITE Search for Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters: Discovery of a Pulsar in GLIMPSE-C01
• The MeerKAT Massive Distant Clusters Survey: a search for diffuse radio emission in 30 massive SZ-selected clusters at $z>1$
• It's Always Darkest Before the Cosmic Dawn: Early Results from Novel Tools and Telescopes for 21 cm Cosmology