The Accretion-Ejection Connection in the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820$+$070

Abstract

The black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820$+$070 began its first recorded outburst in March 2018, and remained an active radio, X-ray, and optical source for over four years. Due to the low distance to the source and its intrinsically high luminosity MAXI J1820$+$070 was observed extensively over this time period, resulting in high-cadence and quasi-simultaneous observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. These data sets provide the opportunity to probe the connection between accretion and the launch of jets in greater detail than for the majority of black hole X-ray binaries. In this work we present radio (Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array, MeerKAT), X-ray (Swift), and optical (Las Cumbres Observatory) observations of MAXI J1820$+$070 throughout its entire outburst, including its initial hard state, subsequent soft state, and further hard-state-only re-brightenings (covering March 2018 to August 2022). Due to the regularity and temporal density of our observational data we are able to create a Radio - X-ray - Optical activity plane where we find a high degree of correlation between the three wave bands during the hard states, and observe hysteresis as MAXI J1820$+$070 enters and exits the soft state. Based on the morphology of the optical light curves we see evidence for optical jet contributions during the soft-to-hard state transition, as well as fading optical emission well before the hard to soft transition. We establish that the remarkably similar profiles of the re-brightening events are broadly consistent with modified disk instability models where irradiation from the inner accretion disk is included.

15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (103)

• The Swift X-ray Telescope
• X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• Methods and results of an automatic analysis of a complete sample of Swift-XRT observations of GRBs
• Towards a unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets
• A fundamental plane of black hole activity
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
• WSClean: an implementation of a fast, generic wide-field imager for radio astronomy
• The MAXI Mission on the ISS: Science and Instruments for Monitoring All Sky X-Ray Images
• A Scheme to Unify Low-Power Accreting Black Holes - Jet-Dominated Accretion Flows and the Radio/X-Ray Correlation
• The Properties of X-Ray and Optical Light Curves of X-Ray Novae
• MERLIN observations of relativistic ejections from GRS 1915+105
• The evolution of black hole states
• Radio / X-ray correlation in the low/hard state of GX 339--4
• A relativistic jet from Cygnus X-1 in the low/hard X-ray state
• The disc instability model for X-ray transients: evidence for truncation and irradiation
• WATCHDOG: A Comprehensive All-Sky Database of Galactic Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Quenching of the radio jet during the X-ray high state of GX 339-4
• States and transitions in black-hole binaries
• AU-Scale Synchrotron Jets and Superluminal Ejecta in GRS 1915+105
• The ATLAS All-Sky Stellar Reference Catalog
• The corona contracts in a black-hole transient
• Radiatively efficient accreting black holes in the hard state: the case study of H1743-322
• Near-infrared synchrotron emission from the compact jet of GX339-4
• Large-Scale, Decelerating, Relativistic X-ray Jets from the Microquasar XTE J1550-654
• The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
• Global optical/infrared - X-ray correlations in X-ray binaries: quantifying disc and jet contributions
• Gas Slit Camera (GSC) onboard MAXI on ISS
• Multi-wavelength observations of the 2002 outburst of GX 339-4: two patterns of X-ray-optical/near-infrared behavior
• Jet-dominated advective systems: radio and X-ray luminosity dependence on the accretion rate
• X-ray states and radio emission in the black hole candidate XTE J1550-564
• The X-ray Spectral Evolution of Galactic Black Hole X-ray Binaries Toward Quiescence
• Disc-jet coupling in the 2009 outburst of the black hole candidate H1743-322
• Assessing luminosity correlations via cluster analysis: Evidence for dual tracks in the radio/X-ray domain of black hole X-ray binaries
• In-Orbit Performance of MAXI Gas Slit Camera (GSC) on ISS
• An extremely powerful long-lived superluminal ejection from the black hole MAXI J1820+070
• A radio parallax to the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Discovery of oscillations above 200 keV in a black hole X-ray binary with Insight-HXMT
• CubiCal - Fast radio interferometric calibration suite exploiting complex optimisation
• Jet spectral breaks in black hole X-ray binaries
• Hot accretion flow in black hole binaries: a link connecting X-rays to the infrared
• The infrared/X-ray correlation of GX 339-4: Probing hard X-ray emission in accreting black holes
• Multiwavelength observations revealing the evolution of the outburst of the black hole XTE J1118+480
• Disk-jet coupling in the 2017/2018 outburst of the Galactic black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• The binary mass ratio in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Strong disc winds traced throughout outbursts in black-hole X-ray binaries
• Hard state neutron star and black hole X-ray binaries in the radio:X-ray luminosity plane
• The accretion-ejection coupling in the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1836-194
• Formation of the compact jets in the black hole GX 339-4
• Complete Multiwavelength Evolution of Galactic Black Hole Transients During Outburst Decay I: Conditions for "Compact" Jet Formation
• Dynamical confirmation of a black hole in MAXI J1820+070
• ASASSN-18ey: The Rise of a New Black-Hole X-ray Binary
• Disk, Corona, Jet Connection in the Intermediate State of MAXI J1820+070 Revealed by NICER Spectral-Timing Analysis
• Insight-HXMT observations of jet-like corona in a black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• A rapid change in X-ray variability and a jet ejection in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• A Digital Correlator Upgrade for the Arcminute MicroKelvin Imager
• Hard-state accretion disk winds from black holes: the revealing case of MAXI J1820+070
• The black hole transient MAXI J1348-630: evolution of the compact and transient jets during its 2019/2020 outburst
• An evolving compact jet in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1836-194
• X-ray and Optical Monitoring of State Transitions in MAXI J1820+070
• The radio spectrum of a quiescent stellar mass black hole
• Measuring fundamental jet properties with multi-wavelength fast timing of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• AMI Galactic Plane Survey at 16 GHz: I -- Observing, mapping and source extraction
• Relativistic X-ray jets from the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• The Varying Kinematics of Multiple Ejecta from the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820+070
• Radio Frequency Timing Analysis of the Compact Jet in the Black Hole X-ray Binary Cygnus X-1
• Failed-Transition outbursts in Black hole low-mass X-ray binaries
• Systematic Trends In Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Data
• Optical precursors to X-ray binary outbursts
• Rapid compact jet quenching in the Galactic black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• Automated rapid follow-up of Swift GRBs with AMI-LA
• Radio-loudness in black hole transients: evidence for an inclination effect
• A Black Hole X-ray Binary at $\sim$100 Hz: Multiwavelength Timing of MAXI J1820+070 with HiPERCAM and NICER
• Understanding X-ray Irradiation in Low-Mass X-ray Binaries directly from their Light-Curves
• A NICER look at the state transitions of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535-571 during its reflares
• Swift J1727.8-1613 has the Largest Resolved Continuous Jet Ever Seen in an X-ray Binary
• A variable corona during the transition from type-C to type-B quasi-periodic oscillations in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Enhanced optical activity 12 days before X-ray activity, and a 4 day X-ray delay during outburst rise, in a low-mass X-ray binary
• The 2018 outburst of BHXB H1743-322 as seen with MeerKAT
• Rapidly evolving disk-jet coupling during re-brightenings in the black hole transient MAXI J1535-571
• Follow-up observations at 16 and 33 GHz of extragalactic sources from WMAP 3-year data: I - Spectral properties
• The hybrid radio/X-ray correlation of the black hole transient MAXI J1348-630
• Evolving Morphology of the Large-Scale Relativistic Jets from XTE J1550-564
• Quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray observations of Aql X-1: probing low luminosities
• Evolving optical polarisation of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Radio & X-ray detections of GX 339--4 in quiescence using MeerKAT and Swift
• Fast infrared variability from the black-hole candidate MAXI J1535$-$571 and tight constraints on the modelling
• Tricolour: an optimized SumThreshold flagger for MeerKAT
• Chasing the break: Tracing the full evolution of a black hole X-ray binary jet with multi-wavelength spectral modeling
• Observations of the Disk/Jet Coupling of MAXI J1820+070 During its Descent to Quiescence
• The origin of optical emission lines in the soft state of X-ray binary outbursts: the case of MAXI J1820+070
• The stringent upper limit on jet power in the persistent soft state source 4U~1957+11
• MAXI J1848-015: The First Detection of Relativistically Moving Outflows from a Globular Cluster X-ray Binary
• Multiwavelength observations of MAXI J1820+070 during its outburst decay and subsequent mini-outburst
• Disk-jet coupling changes as a possible indicator for outbursts from GX 339-4 remaining within the X-ray hard state
• GS 2000+25: The Least Luminous Black Hole X-ray Binary
• Toward a Larger Sample of Radio Jets from Quiescent Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Seven reflares, a mini-outburst and an outburst : High amplitude optical variations in the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1910.2-0546
• A UV flux drop preceding the X-ray hard-to-soft state transition during the 2010 outburst of GX 339-4
• The 2019 outburst of AMXP SAX J1808.4-3658 and radio follow up of MAXI J0911-655 and XTE J1701-462
• Continued Monitoring of LMXBs with the Faulkes Telescopes
• Clockwise evolution in the hardness-intensity diagram of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1910.2-0546

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Tracking optical variability and outflows across the accretion states of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070