Hard-state accretion disk winds from black holes: the revealing case of MAXI J1820+070

Abstract

We report on a detailed optical spectroscopic follow-up of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070 (ASASSN-18ey). The observations cover the main part of the X-ray binary outburst, when the source alternated between hard and soft states following the classical pattern widely seen in other systems. We focus the analysis on the He I emission lines at 5876 and 6678 Angs, as well as on Halpha. We detect clear accretion disk wind features (P-Cyg profiles and broad emission line wings) in the hard state, both during outburst rise and decay. These are not witnessed during the several months long soft state. However, our data suggest that the visibility of the outflow might be significantly affected by the ionisation state of the accretion disk. The terminal velocity of the wind is above ~ 1200 km/s, which is similar to outflow velocities derived from (hard-state) optical winds and (soft-state) X-ray winds in other systems. The wind signatures, in particular the P-Cyg profiles, are very shallow, and their detection has only been possible thanks to a combination of source brightness and intense monitoring at very high signal-to-noise. This study indicates that cold, optical winds are most likely a common feature of black hole accretion, and therefore, that wind-like outflows are a general mechanism of mass and angular momentum removal operating throughout the entire X-ray binary outburst.

Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

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• Discovery of optical and infrared accretion disc wind signatures in the black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630
• Modeling Magnetic Disk-Wind State Transitions in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• The current state of disk wind observations in BHLMXBs through X-ray absorption lines in the iron band
• The Evolution of Rapid Optical/X-ray Timing Correlations in the Initial Hard State of MAXI J1820+070
• Delimiting the black hole mass in the X-ray transient MAXI J1659-152 with H$\alpha$ spectroscopy
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• Accretion geometry of the black hole binary MAXI J1820+070 probed by frequency-resolved spectroscopy
• Outflows and spectral evolution in the eclipsing AMXP SWIFT J1749.4-2807 with NICER, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR
• A broadband view on microquasar MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst
• The origin of optical emission lines in the soft state of X-ray binary outbursts: the case of MAXI J1820+070
• Placing LOFAR-detected quasars in CIV emission space: implications for winds, jets and star formation
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• Thermal Equilibrium Solutions of Black Hole Accretion Flows: Outflows VS Advection
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• Optical and Ultraviolet Monitoring of the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820+070/ASASSN-18ey for 18 Months
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• The Accretion-Ejection Connection in the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820$+$070
• Ubiquitous yet forgotten: broad absorptions in the optical spectra of low-mass X-ray binaries
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• Optical and X-ray timing analysis of the 2018-2020 outburst and rebrightening of the black-hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Tracking the evolution of the accretion flow in MAXI J1820+070 during its hard state with the JED-SAD model
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