Correlated X-ray Spectral and Timing Behavior of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550-564: A New Interpretation of Black Hole States

Abstract

We present an analysis of RXTE data of the X-ray transient XTE J1550-564. The source went through several states, which were divided into spectrally soft and hard states. These states showed up as distinct branches in the color-color diagram, forming a structure with a comb-like topology; the soft state branch forming the spine and the hard state branches forming the teeth. Variability was strongly correlated with the position on the branches. The broad band noise became stronger, and changed from power law like to band limited, as the spectrum became harder. Three types of QPOs were found: 1-18 Hz and 102-284 Hz QPOs on the hard branches, and 16-18 Hz QPOs on and near the soft branch. The frequencies of the high and low frequency QPOs on the hard branches were correlated with each other, and anti-correlated with spectral hardness. The changes in QPO frequency suggest that the inner disc radius only increases by a factor of 3-4 as the source changes from a soft to a hard state. Our results on XTE J1550-564 strongly favor a 2-dimensional description of black hole behavior, where the regions near the spine of the comb in the color-color diagram can be identified with the high state, and the teeth with transitions from the high state, via the intermediate state (which includes the very high state) to the low state, and back. The two physical parameters underlying this behavior vary to a large extent independently and could for example be the mass accretion rate through the disk and the size of a Comptonizing region.

49 pages (inlcuding 26 figures and 4 tables), accepted for publication in ApJ Supplements

References in corpus (9)

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• The Discovery of a State Dependent Hard Tail in the X-ray Spectrum of the Luminous Z-source GX 17+2
• Correlations between Low-Frequency QPOs and Spectral Parameters in XTE J1550-564 and GRO J1655-40
• Broad band spectrum of Cygnus X-1 in two spectral states with BeppoSAX
• The power spectral properties of the Z-source GX 340+0
• Simultaneous Measurements of X-Ray Luminosity and Kilohertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries
• Quasi-periodic variability and the inner radii of thin accretion disks in galactic black-hole systems
• Phase Lag and Coherence Function of X-ray emission from Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550-564

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• Energetics of jets from X-ray binaries
• Spectral and timing evolution of MAXI J1631-479 during the 2018-19 outburst with NICER
• Discovery of a 7 mHz X-Ray Quasi-periodic Oscillation from the most Massive Stellar-mass Black Hole IC 10 X-1
• Constraining black hole spins with low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in soft states
• Trace the Accretion Geometry of H 1743--322 with Type C Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Multiple Outbursts
• Constraining distance and inclination angle of V4641 Sgr using $SWIFT$ and $NuSTAR$ observations during low soft spectral state
• Correlations between QPO frequencies and spectral parameters of GRS 1915+105 using AstroSat observations
• Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of the black hole transient 4U 1543-47 during its 2021 ultra-luminous state
• {\it Insight}-HXMT View of the BHC Swift J1727.8-1613 during its outburst in 2023
• Coupled HBO and NBO variations in the Z source GX 5-1: inner accretion disk as the location of QPOs
• A possible overall scenario for the outburst evolution of MAXI J1820+070 revealed by Insight-HXMT
• Broadband X-ray spectrum of XTE J1550-564 during 2003 outburst
• A geometric origin for quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole X-ray binaries
• Multi-wavelength spectroscopy of the black hole candidate MAXI J1813-095 during its discovery outburst
• Nonlinear Variability of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in GX 339-4
• USA Observation of Spectral and Timing Evolution During the 2000 Outburst of XTE J1550-564
• Testing the dynamic origin of Quasi-periodic Oscillations in MAXI J1535-571 and H 1743-322
• OPTICAM: A triple-camera optical system designed to explore the fastest timescales in Astronomy
• Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5
• A transient high-coherence oscillation in 4U 1820-30
• Detection of distinct power spectra in soft and hard X-ray bands in the hard state of GRS 1915+105
• Radio emission and jets from microquasars
• The X-ray spectrum of the black hole candidate GX339-4 in a low state
• Multi-wavelength study of TeV blazar 1ES 1218+304 using gamma-ray, X-ray and optical observations
• Detection of a low frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in the soft state of Cygnus X-1 with Insight-HXMT
• Optical nebular emission following the most luminous outburst of Aquila X-1
• NICER, NuSTAR and Insight-HXMT views to black hole X-ray binary SLX 1746--331
• Back to business: SLX 1746--331 after 13 years of silence
• XMM-Newton Spectroscopy of the Galactic Microquasar GRS 1758-258 in the Peculiar Off/Soft State
• Mass and spin measurements for the neutron star 4U1608-52 through the relativistic precession model
• Modeling the Broadband Spectral Energy Distribution of the Microquasars XTE J1550-564 and H 1743-322
• State Transitions in Ultracompact Neutron Star LMXBs: towards the Low Luminosity Limit
• Swift J1728.9-3613 is a black hole X-ray binary: spectral and timing study using NICER
• Modelling the energy dependencies of high-frequency QPO in black hole X-ray binaries
• Exploring the broadband spectral and timing characteristics of GRS 1915+105 with AstroSat and NICER observations
• Variable ionized disk wind in MAXI J1803-298 revealed by NICER
• Accretion Flow Properties of MAXI J1910-057/Swift J1910.2-0546 During Its 2012-13 Outburst
• The bright black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543--47 during 2021 outburst: a thick accretion disk inflated by high luminosity
• NICER and Swift/XRT monitoring of the 2023 outburst of Swift J1727.7-1613
• Spectral and Temporal Studies of Swift\,J1658.2--4242 using {\it AstroSat} Observations with {\tt JeTCAF} Model
• The spectral-timing analysis of Cygnus X-1 with Insight-HXMT
• Spectral Properties of X-ray Binaries in Centaurus A
• Global Accretion Properties of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: A Phenomenological Perspective
• Evolution of the Comptonizing medium of the black-hole candidate Swift J1727.8$-$1613 along the hard to hard-intermediate state transition using NICER
• Insight-HXMT, NICER and NuSTAR views to the newly discovered black hole X-ray binary Swift J151857.0--572147
• Rapid spectral transition of the black hole binary V404 Cyg
• Quenched millimetre emission from Cygnus X-1 in a soft X-ray state
• Broadband X-ray properties of black holes GRS 1758-258 and 1E 1740.7-2942: AstroSat and NuSTAR results
• Advection-dominated accretion flow for the varied transition luminosities in black hole X-ray binaries
• Evidence for a change in the radiation mechanism in the hard state of GRO J1655-40. Hysteresis in the broad-band noise components
• Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
• Evolution of the Accretion Disk and Corona During the Outburst of the Neutron Star Transient MAXI J1807+132
• The QPO states of 4U 1630-47
• Accretion Properties and Estimation of Spin of Galactic Black Hole Candidate Swift J1728.9-3613 with NuSTAR during its 2019 outburst
• Accretion disc winds in X-ray binaries
• MeerKAT radio detection of the Galactic black hole candidate Swift J1842.5-1124 during its 2020 outburst
• Hot Settling Accretion Flow onto a Spinning Black Hole
• Magnetized SASI: its mechanism and possible connection to some QPOs in XRBs
• General relativistic viscous accretion flow around Konoplya-Zhidenko black hole
• Clockwise evolution in the hardness-intensity diagram of the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1910.2-0546
• Intermittent QPO properties of MAXI J1820+070 revealed by Insight-HXMT
• A Hidden Pulse: Uncovering a New Timing Signal in Cygnus X-1 with AstroSat
• The origin of UV/optical emission in the black hole low-mass X-ray binary Swift J1753.5-0127
• Black Hole Spectral States and Physical Connections
• Long term variability of Swift J1753.5-0127]{Long term variability of Swift J1753.5-0127: X-ray spectral-temporal correlations during state transitions
• Detection of a Type-C QPO during the soft-to-hard transition in Swift J1727.8-1613
• Black-hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 shows simultaneous Type-B and Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations across the hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate states
• X-Ray Spectral Variability in Initial Rise of XTE J1550-564
• Dimming GRS 1915+105 observed with NICER and Insight--HXMT
• The failed state transition of the ATOLL source GRS 1724-308
• Shot cutoff timescales in different spectral states of Cygnus X-1
• Very low-frequency oscillations from the 11 Hz pulsar in Terzan 5: frame-dragging back on the table
• Galactic X-ray binary jets
• Swift J1753.5-0127 : Understanding the accretion geometry through frequency resolved spectroscopy
• Investigation of the Outburst Activity of the Black Hole Candidate GRS 1739-278
• A Temporal Scale to Track the Spectral Transitions in Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
• A Minimal Timescale for the Continuum in 4U 1608-52 and Aql X-1
• A magnetic model for low/hard state of black hole binaries
• State transitions triggered by inverse magnetic field: probably applied in high-mass X-ray binaries?
• Characteristics of the High-frequency Humps in the Black hole X-ray Binary Swift J1727.8--1613
• The X-ray bursts within the 2010 outburst of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1748.9-2021
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 across a state transition
• The correlation timescale of the X-ray flux during the outbursts of soft X-ray transients
• The full evolution of the type-C QPO in MAXI J1348-630 revealed by Insight-HXMT
• A multi-wavelength study of GRS 1716-249 in outburst : constraints on its system parameters
• Broadband variability study of MAXI J1631-479 in its Hard-Intermediate State observed with Insight-HXMT
• Multi-mission view of extragalactic black hole X-ray binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3: evolution of broadband spectral features
• Power spectral properties of the soft spectral states in four black hole transients