BlackCAT: A catalogue of stellar-mass black holes in X-ray transients

Abstract

During the last ~50 years, the population of black hole candidates in X-ray binaries has increased considerably with 59 Galactic objects detected in transient low-mass X-ray binaries, plus a few in persistent systems (including ~5 extragalactic binaries). We collect near-infrared, optical and X-ray information spread over hundreds of references in order to study the population of black holes in X-ray transients as a whole. We present the most updated catalogue of black hole transients, which contains X-ray, optical and near-infrared observations together with their astrometric and dynamical properties. It provides new useful information in both statistical and observational parameters providing a thorough and complete overview of the black hole population in the Milky Way. Analysing the distances and spatial distribution of the observed systems, we estimate a total population of ~1300 Galactic black hole transients. This means that we have already discovered less than ~5% of the total Galactic distribution. The complete version of this catalogue will be continuously updated online and in the Virtual Observatory, including finding charts and data in other wavelengths.

http://www.astro.puc.cl/BlackCAT - Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 20 pages, 8 figures, 5 Tables

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• On IC 10 X-1, the Most Massive Known Stellar-Mass Black Hole
• The 2003 Outburst of the X-ray Transient H 1743-322: Comparisons with the Black Hole Microquasar XTE J1550-564
• On the masses and evolutionary status of the black hole binary GX 339-4. A twin system of XTE J1550-564?
• Populating the Galaxy with low-mass X-ray binaries
• A Black Hole Nova Obscured by an Inner Disk Torus
• The origin and fate of short-period low-mass black-hole binaries
• New Constraints on the Black Hole Low/Hard State Inner Accretion Flow with NuSTAR
• Radio monitoring of the hard state jets in the 2011 outburst of MAXI J1836-194
• Spectroscopic evidence for a low-mass black hole in SWIFT J1753.5-0127
• Chemical Abundances of the Secondary Star in the Black Hole X-ray Binary XTE J1118+480
• Disk Dominated States of 4U 1957+11: Chandra, XMM, and RXTE Observations of Ostensibly the Most Rapidly Spinning Galactic Black Hole
• The Black Hole Binary Nova Scorpii 1994 (GRO J1655-40): An improved chemical analysis
• The first polarimetric signatures of infrared jets in X-ray binaries
• Swift J1357.2-0933: the faintest black hole?
• Spectral states of the X-ray binary IGR J17091--3624 observed by INTEGRAL and RXTE
• XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations of the black hole candidate XTE J1817-330
• The jet kinetic power, distance and inclination of GRS 1915+105
• Optical/near-infrared observations of the black hole candidate XTE J1720-318: from high-soft to low-hard state
• Hunting the nature of IGR J17497-2821 with X-ray and NIR observations
• The Historical X-ray Transient KY TrA in quiescence
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• GW170608: Observation of a 19-solar-mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
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• Populating the upper black hole mass gap through stellar collisions in young star clusters
• Probing a nonlinear electrodynamics black hole with thin accretion disk, shadow and deflection angle with M87* and Sgr A* from EHT
• Potential Kick Velocity distribution of black hole X-ray binaries and implications for natal kicks
• Regulation of black-hole accretion by a disk wind during a violent outburst of V404 Cygni
• An isolated mass gap black hole or neutron star detected with astrometric microlensing
• Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry
• Constraining the masses of microlensing black holes and the mass gap with Gaia DR2
• Distinguishing Primordial Black Holes from Astrophysical Black Holes by Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
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• An Overabundance of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries in the Galactic Center from Tidal Captures
• The binary mass ratio in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• The Black Hole Mass Function from Gravitational Wave Measurements
• Repeated mergers and ejection of black holes within nuclear star clusters
• A non-interacting Galactic black hole candidate in a binary system with a main-sequence star
• Predicting the binary black hole population of the Milky Way with cosmological simulations
• ASASSN-18ey: The Rise of a New Black-Hole X-ray Binary
• Dynamical confirmation of a black hole in MAXI J1820+070
• Revealing black holes with Gaia
• Living on a Flare: Relativistic Reflection in V404 Cyg Observed by NuSTAR During its Summer 2015 Outburst
• Science objectives of the Einstein Probe mission
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• Identifying quiescent compact objects in massive Galactic single-lined spectroscopic binaries
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• AstroSat view of MAXI J1535-571: broadband spectro-temporal features
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• Populations of stellar mass Black holes from binary systems
• Importance of transient resonances in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Mass-redshift Degeneracy for Gravitational-wave Sources in the Vicinity of a Supermassive Black Hole
• Detecting Black Hole Binaries by Gaia
• Distances to Galactic X-ray Binaries with Gaia DR2
• The last migration trap of compact objects in AGN accretion disc
• The merger history of primordial-black-hole binaries
• Evolution of the reverberation lag in GX 339-4 at the end of an outburst
• The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring VI: Characterisation of hidden companions in 51 single-lined O-type binaries, a flat mass-ratio distribution, and black-hole binary candidates
• A Systematic View of Ten New Black Hole Spins
• Search for a Black Hole Binary in Gaia DR3 Astrometric Binary Stars with Spectroscopic Data
• Families of Plausible Solutions to the Puzzle of Boyajian's Star
• Searching for ultralight bosons within spin measurements of a population of binary black hole mergers
• Investigating state transition luminosities of Galactic black hole transients in the outburst decay
• Gaia Data Release 3: Cross-match of Gaia sources with variable objects from the literature
• Gaia May Detect Hundreds of Well-characterised Stellar Black Holes
• Gravitational wave sources in our Galactic backyard: Predictions for BHBH, BHNS and NSNS binaries detectable with LISA
• The low-luminosity accretion disc wind of the black hole transient V4641 Sagittarii
• Gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges: Circular orbits on a cone
• Transients from ONe White-Dwarf - Neutron-Star/Black-Hole Mergers
• Microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Large Magellanic Cloud based on 20 years of OGLE observations
• Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
• Millimetre-wave Emission from an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Milky Way
• Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Growth and Feedback in Dwarf Galaxies at High Redshifts
• Mass ratio determination from Halpha lines in Black-Hole X-ray transients
• Flares, wind and nebulae: the 2015 December mini-outburst of V404 Cygni
• Measuring precession in asymmetric compact binaries
• Measuring eccentricity of binary black holes in GWTC-1 by using inspiral-only waveform
• NICER, NuSTAR and Insight-HXMT views to the newly discovered black hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8--1613
• Indication of Another Intermediate-mass Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• Triage of Astrometric Binaries - how to find triple systems and dormant black-hole secondaries in the Gaia orbits
• A Black Hole X-ray Binary at $\sim$100 Hz: Multiwavelength Timing of MAXI J1820+070 with HiPERCAM and NICER
• AstroSat and MAXI view of the Black Hole binary 4U 1630-472 during 2016 and 2018 Outbursts
• Simulations predict intermediate-mass black hole formation in globular clusters
• The 1989 and 2015 outbursts of V404 Cygni: a global study of wind-related optical features
• Uncovering astrometric black hole binaries with massive main-sequence companions with Gaia
• Evidence for lensing of gravitational waves from LIGO-Virgo
• The quantum fate of black hole horizons
• A NICER View of a Highly-Absorbed Flare in GRS 1915+105
• A NICER look at the state transitions of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535-571 during its reflares
• High-energy Cosmic Ray production in X-ray Binary Jets
• The observed mass distribution of Galactic black hole LMXBs is biased against massive black holes
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): a spectroscopic VLT monitoring survey of massive stars in the SMC
• SWIFT view of the 2015 outburst of GS 2023+338 (V404 Cyg): complex evolution of spectral and temporal characteristics
• Modeling the kinematics of the decelerating jets from the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348$-$630
• Search for Dormant Black Holes in Ellipsoidal Variables I. Revisiting the Expected Amplitudes of the Photometric Modulation
• Evidence for mass-dependent peculiar velocities in compact object binaries: Towards better constraints on natal kicks
• Detection of X-ray spectral state transitions in mini-outbursts of black hole transient GRS 1739-278
• Probabilistic classification of X-ray sources applied to Swift-XRT and XMM-Newton catalogs
• UltraCompCAT: a comprehensive Catalogue of Ultra-Compact and Short Orbital Period X-ray Binaries
• Hard-state optical wind during the discovery outburst of the black-hole X-ray dipper MAXI J1803-298
• Where intermediate-mass black holes could hide in the Galactic Centre: A full parameter study with the S2 orbit
• Multiwavelength observations of the black hole X-ray binary A0620-00 in quiescence
• Accretion and Outflow in V404 Cyg
• Gaia Data Release 3: Ellipsoidal Variables with Possible Black-Hole or Neutron Star secondaries
• Hot, dense He II outflows during the 2017 outburst of the X-ray transient Swift J1357.2-0933
• Thin accretion disks and charged rotating dilaton black holes
• A Method to Search for Black Hole Candidates with Giant Companions by LAMOST
• Nonlinearly charged black holes: Shadow and Thin-accretion disk
• Finding binary black holes in the Milky Way with LISA
• Dynamical formation of Gaia BH3 in the progenitor globular cluster of the ED-2 stream
• Hibernating black holes revealed by photometric mass functions
• Astrometric excess noise in Gaia DR2 and the search for X-ray emitting binaries
• Astrometric excess noise in Gaia EDR3 and the search for X-ray binaries
• The hybrid radio/X-ray correlation of the black hole transient MAXI J1348-630
• The Changing-look Optical Wind of the Flaring X-ray Transient Swift J1858.6-0814
• Studying the Reflection Spectra of the New Black Hole X-ray Binary Candidate MAXI J1631-479 Observed by NuSTAR: A Variable Broad Iron Line Profile
• Dynamical confirmation of a stellar-mass black hole in the transient X-ray dipping binary MAXI J1305-704
• The Novel Obscured State of Stellar-mass Black Hole GRS 1915+105
• Discovery of optical outflows and inflows in the black hole candidate GRS 1716-249
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• Gaia's Detectability of Black Hole-Main Sequence Star Binaries Formed in Open Clusters
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• Magnetically Arrested Disks in Quiescent Black-Hole Binaries: Formation Scenario, Observable Signatures, and Potential PeVatrons
• Coronal properties of black hole X-ray binaries in the hard state as seen by NuSTAR and Swift
• Thin accretion disk signatures of scalarized black holes in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Constraints to neutron-star kicks in High-Mass X-ray Binaries with Gaia EDR3
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• Constraining the mass of the black hole GX 339-4 using spectro-temporal analysis of multiple outbursts
• Constraining Compact Object Formation with 2M0521
• Discovery of optical and infrared accretion disc wind signatures in the black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630
• The current state of disk wind observations in BHLMXBs through X-ray absorption lines in the iron band
• Criteria for Dynamical Timescale Mass Transfer of Metal-poor Intermediate-mass Stars
• The complex evolution of the X-ray binary transient MAXI J1807+132 along the decay of its discovery outburst
• Mining for Candidates of Galactic Stellar-mass Black Hole Binaries with LAMOST
• Orbital period dependent spatial scatter of Galactic Black Hole Transients
• The Evolution of Rapid Optical/X-ray Timing Correlations in the Initial Hard State of MAXI J1820+070
• The variable radio counterpart of Swift J1858.6-0814
• Detectablity of Black Hole Binaries with Gaia: Dependence on Binary Evolution Models
• Phase-resolved spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing black hole X-ray binary M33 X-7: System properties, accretion, and evolution
• Unveiling the temporal properties of MAXI J1820+070 through AstroSat observations
• Delimiting the black hole mass in the X-ray transient MAXI J1659-152 with H$\alpha$ spectroscopy
• Monotonicity of the cores of massive stars
• Detecting isolated stellar-mass black holes by the Roman telescope
• Probable Dormant Neutron Star in a Short-Period Binary System
• Limits on Runaway Growth of Intermediate Mass Black Holes from Advanced LIGO
• An underlying clock in the extreme flip-flop state transitions of the black hole transient Swift J1658.2-4242
• Optical Precursors to Black Hole X-ray Binary Outbursts: An evolving synchrotron jet spectrum in Swift J1357.2-0933
• Polarized synchrotron emission in quiescent black hole X-ray transients
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• Dynamical formation of Black Hole Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the field - an alternative to common envelope
• Accretion Scenario of MAXI J1820+070 during 2018 Outbursts with Multi-mission Observations
• Close Encounters of Tight Binary Stars with Stellar-mass Black Holes
• A Very Large Array Search for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters in M81
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• Prospecting Period Measurements with LSST - Low Mass X-ray Binaries as a Test Case
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• Time-lag between disk and corona radiation leads to hysteresis effect observed in black-hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348-630
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• The peculiar spectral evolution of the new X-ray transient MAXI J0637-430
• Search for Dormant Black Holes in Ellipsoidal Variables II. A Binary Modified Minimum Mass Ratio
• Puzzling Blue Dips in the Black Hole Candidate Swift J1357.2-0933, from ULTRACAM, SALT, ATCA, Swift and NuSTAR
• On Detecting Stellar Binary Black Holes via the LISA-Taiji Network
• Very High-Energy Emission from the Direct Vicinity of Rapidly Rotating Black Holes
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• Exploring field-evolution and dynamical-capture coalescing binary black holes in GWTC-3
• Toward a Larger Sample of Radio Jets from Quiescent Black Hole X-ray Binaries
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• The long-term optical evolution of the black hole candidate MAXI J1659-152
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• The GW-Universe Toolbox II: constraining the binary black hole population with second and third generation detectors
• Gaia BH1 and BH2 -- evolutionary models with overshooting of the black hole progenitors within the present-day binary separation
• Whispering in the dark: Faint X-ray emission from black holes with OB star companions
• Disentangling the Black Hole Mass Spectrum with Photometric Microlensing Surveys
• A broadband radio view of transient jet ejecta in the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of the black hole transient 4U 1543-47 during its 2021 ultra-luminous state
• A feasibility study on the photometric detection of quiescent black hole X-ray binaries
• Multi-wavelength spectroscopy of the black hole candidate MAXI J1813-095 during its discovery outburst
• What's in a binary black hole's mass parameter?
• Catalog of outbursts of neutron star LMXBs
• A possible overall scenario for the outburst evolution of MAXI J1820+070 revealed by Insight-HXMT
• Getting More Out of Black Hole Superradiance: a Statistically Rigorous Approach to Ultralight Boson Constraints from Black Hole Spin Measurements
• Structure and Skewness of the Effective Inspiral Spin Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers
• On the recurrence times of neutron star X-ray binary transients and the nature of the Galactic Centre quiescent X-ray binaries
• An Overview of Compact Star Populations and Some of Its Open Problems
• Quiescent NIR and optical counterparts to candidate black hole X-ray binaries
• Disc-corona interaction in the heartbeat state of GRS 1915+105
• Primordial black hole evolution in two-fluid cosmology
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• The very faint hard state of the persistent neutron star X-ray binary SLX 1737-282 near the Galactic centre
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of a Plunging Black Hole into a Molecular Cloud
• The Weizmann Fast Astronomical Survey Telescope (W-FAST): System Overview
• The appearance of a merging binary black hole very close to a spinning supermassive black hole
• NICER, NuSTAR and Insight-HXMT views to black hole X-ray binary SLX 1746--331
• Searching for Compact Object Candidates from LAMOST Time-Domain Survey of Four K2 Plates
• Premerger localization of intermediate mass binary black holes with LISA and prospects of joint observations with Athena and LSST
• Optical nebular emission following the most luminous outburst of Aquila X-1
• Back to business: SLX 1746--331 after 13 years of silence
• Dark lens candidates from Gaia Data Release 3
• Detection of single-degenerate massive binaries with Gaia: The impact of blue supergiants, triples, mass precision, and high-precision parallax requirements
• Proof of principle X-ray reflection mass measurement of the black hole in H1743-322
• X-Ray Views of Galactic Accreting Pulsars in High-Mass X-Ray Binaries
• Comprehensive Radio Monitoring of the Black Hole X-ray Binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 during its 2023$-$2024 Outburst
• Microquasar jet-cocoon systems as PeVatrons
• Ask The Machine: Systematic detection of wind-type outflows in low-mass X-ray binaries
• Spectral and Temporal Studies of Swift\,J1658.2--4242 using {\it AstroSat} Observations with {\tt JeTCAF} Model
• The X-ray view of black-hole candidate Swift J1842.5-1124 during its 2008 outburst
• X-ray variability of transitional millisecond pulsars: a faint, stable and fluctuating disk
• On measuring the Hubble constant with X-ray reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei
• Investigating the nature and properties of MAXI J1810-222 with radio and X-ray observations
• Evolution of broad-band SED during outburst rise in NS X-ray Nova Aql X-1
• MAXI J1957+032: an accreting neutron star possibly in a triple system
• Testing Gravity with Black Hole X-Ray Data
• Broadband X-ray properties of black holes GRS 1758-258 and 1E 1740.7-2942: AstroSat and NuSTAR results
• Dormant black hole candidates from Gaia DR3 summary diagnostics
• LTD064402+245919: A Subgiant with a 1-3 M${}_{\odot }$ Undetected Companion Identified from LAMOST-TD Data
• Using radial velocities to reveal black holes in binaries: a test case
• Masses of optical components and black holes in x-ray novae: the effects of components proximity
• Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
• Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion on to black hole accretion disks with super-Eddington luminosity for dusty gas
• Swift X-Ray and UV Observations of six Gaia Binaries supposedly containing a Neutron Star
• A Dependable Distance Estimator to Black Hole Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
• Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
• An upper limit on the frequency of short-period black hole companions to Sun-like stars
• Extending the "Energetic Scaling of Relativistic Jets From Black Hole Systems" to Include $\gamma$-ray-loud X-ray Binaries
• Accretion Properties and Estimation of Spin of Galactic Black Hole Candidate Swift J1728.9-3613 with NuSTAR during its 2019 outburst
• A possible formation scenario of the Gaia ID 3425577610762832384: inner binary merger inside a triple common envelope
• Failed Supernova Remnants
• Searching for compact objects in the single-lined spectroscopic binaries of the young Galactic cluster NGC 6231
• The Black Hole Candidate Swift J1728.9$-$3613 and the Supernova Remnant G351.9$-$0.9
• An observational study of rotation and binarity of Galactic O-type runaway stars
• Accretion disc winds in X-ray binaries
• Time resolved spectroscopy of a GRS 1915+105 flare during its unusual low state using AstroSat
• Fast X-ray/IR observations of the black hole transient Swift~J1753.5--0127: from an IR lead to a very long jet lag
• The MAVERIC Survey: The first radio and X-ray limits on the detached black holes in NGC 3201
• The population of NuSTAR Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Characterising the short-orbital period X-ray transient Swift J1910.2-0546
• Tandem Swift and INTEGRAL Data to Revisit the Orbital and Superorbital Periods of 1E 1740.7-2942
• Constraining the nature of the accreting binary in CXOGBS J174623.5-310550
• The Origin of Radio Emission in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• LAXPC instrument onboard AstroSat: Five exciting years of new scientific results specially on X-ray Binaries
• Quiescent black hole X-ray binaries as multi-messenger sources
• Clumpy jets from black hole-massive star binaries as engines of Fast Radio Bursts
• Effects of precession versus instabilities on the jets of GRS 1758-258
• Stellar-Mass Black Holes
• Variable QPO lags and reduced coherence between the disc and corona in MAXI J1820+070
• On the Zeeman Effect in Magnetically-Arrested Disks
• The Disk Veiling Effect of the Black Hole Low-Mass X-ray Binary A0620-00
• Misalignment of the Lense-Thirring precession by an accretion torque
• Ubiquitous yet forgotten: broad absorptions in the optical spectra of low-mass X-ray binaries
• Testing the presence of a dormant black hole inside HR 6819
• Variability as a new discovery channel for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the Time Domain Era
• Tests of General Relativity using black hole X-ray data
• Lightning black holes as unidentified TeV sources
• A long-lived compact jet in the black hole X-ray binary candidate AT2019wey
• Distinguishing between light curves of ellipsoidal variables with massive dark companions, contact binaries, and semidetached binaries using principal component analysis
• Detection Prospects of Electromagnetic Signatures from OGLE-2011-BLG-0462
• Lucky planets: how circum-binary planets survive the supernova in one of the inner-binary components
• The orbital period and inclination of the neutron star X-ray transient MAXI J1807+132
• Two-body problem in curved spacetime: exploring gravitational wave transient cases
• Recurrent outbursts revealed in 3XMM J031820.8-663034
• An Ejection Event Captured by VLBI During the Outburst of Swift J1727.8$-$1613
• QPOML: A Machine Learning Approach to Detect and Characterize Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in X-ray Binaries
• Stellar population modelling of neutron stars and black holes: spatially-resolved graveyards in MaNGA/SDSS-IV galaxies
• Accretion Geometry of Black Hole X-ray Binaries: Insights from X-ray Observations
• "Industrial-Scale" Black Hole Selection without a Satellite
• Explaining the 'outliers' track in Black Hole X-ray Binaries with the BZ-jet and inner-disk coupling
• A comprehensive search for high-velocity X-ray sources: New compact object binary candidates in the Gaia era
• Relating Peak Optical Luminosity and Orbital Period of Stellar-Mass Black Holes in X-ray Binaries
• An infrared FWHM-$K_2$ correlation to uncover highly reddened quiescent black holes
• An apparent positive relation between spin and orbital angular momentum in X-ray binaries
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 across a state transition
• On the origin of core radio emissions from black hole sources in the realm of relativistic shocked accretion flow
• Multi-mission view of extragalactic black hole X-ray binaries LMC X-1 and LMC X-3: evolution of broadband spectral features
• An Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Detected Through Astrometric Microlensing
• A multi-wavelength study of GRS 1716-249 in outburst : constraints on its system parameters
• Astrometry of variable compact radio sources: A search for Galactic black hole X-ray binaries
• X-ray observations of the isolated black hole candidate OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 , and other collapsed objects discovered through gravitational microlensing
• A Revised Spin of the Black Hole in GRS 1716-249 with a New Distance
• Rapid far-infrared spectral timing of X-ray binaries with PRIMA
• Simulation-calibrated Bayesian inference for progenitor properties of the microquasar SS 433
• Could the high-mass black holes from gravitational-wave observations be explained by lensing?
• On The Nature of Einstein Probe Transient EP250916a: Insights from X-ray, Optical, and Radio Observations
• A search for optical counterparts in quiescent black hole X-ray transients
• Time Domain Astronomy with the THESEUS Satellite