Failed Supernova Remnants

Abstract

In a failed supernova, partial ejection of the progenitor's outer envelope can occur due to weakening of the core's gravity by neutrino emission in the protoneutron star phase. We consider emission when this ejecta sweeps up the circumstellar material, analogous to supernova remnants (SNRs). We focus on failed explosions of blue supergiants, and find that the emission can be bright in soft X-rays. Due to its soft emission, we find that sources in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are more promising to detect than those in the Galactic disk. These remnants are characteristic in smallness ($\lesssim 10$ pc) and slowness (100s of $\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$) compared to typical SNRs. Although the expected number of detectable sources is small (up to a few by eROSITA 4-year all-sky survey), prospects are better for deeper surveys targeting the LMC. Detection of these failed SNRs will realize observational studies of mass ejection upon black hole formation.

arXiv comment6 pages, 4 figures (content identical to v1). Accepted for publication in PASJ

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Cited by in corpus (3)

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• SRG/eROSITA discovery of a radio faint X-ray candidate supernova remnant SRGe J003602.3+605421=G121.1-1.9
• A rapidly fading star as a type II obscuring intermediate luminosity optical transient (ILOT) in a triple star system