LTD064402+245919: A Subgiant with a 1-3 M${}_{\odot }$ Undetected Companion Identified from LAMOST-TD Data

Abstract

Single-line spectroscopic binaries recently contribute to the stellar-mass black hole discovery, independently of the X-ray transient method. We report the identification of a single-line binary system LTD064402+245919, with an orbital period of 14.50 days. The observed component is a subgiant with a mass of 2.77$\pm$0.68M${}_{\odot }$, radius 15.5$\pm$2.5R${}_{\odot }$, effective temperature $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ 4500$\pm$200K, and surface gravity log\emph{g} 2.5$\pm$0.25dex. The discovery makes use of the LAMOST time-domain (LAMOST-TD) and ZTF survey. Our general-purpose software pipeline applies the Lomb-Scargle periodogram to determine the orbital period and uses machine-learning to classify the variable type from the folded light curves. We apply a combined model to estimate the orbital parameters from both the light and radial velocity curves, taking constraints on the primary star mass, mass function, and detection limit of secondary luminosity into consideration. We obtain a radial velocity semi-amplitude of 44.6$\pm$1.5 km s${}^{-1}$, mass ratio of 0.73$\pm$0.07, and an undetected component mass of 2.02$\pm$0.49M${}_{\odot }$ when the type of the undetected component is not set. We conclude that the inclination is not well constrained, and that the secondary mass is larger than 1M${}_{\odot }$ when the undetected component is modelled as a compact object. According to our investigations using an MCMC simulation, increasing the spectra SNR by a factor of 3 would enable the secondary light to be distinguished (if present). The algorithm and software in this work are able to serve as general-purpose tools for the identification of compact objects quiescent in X-rays.

Accepted by ApJ

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• A White Dwarf-Main Sequence Binary Unveiled by Time-Domain Observations from LAMOST and TESS
• TESS Timings of 31 Hot Jupiters with Ephemeris Uncertainties
• Searching for Compact Object Candidates from LAMOST Time-Domain Survey of Four K2 Plates