Chasing the break: Tracing the full evolution of a black hole X-ray binary jet with multi-wavelength spectral modeling

Abstract

Black hole X-ray binaries (BH XRBs) are ideal targets to study the connection between accretion inflow and jet outflow. Here we present quasi-simultaneous, multi-wavelength observations of the Galactic black hole system MAXI J1820+070, throughout its 2018-2019 outburst. Our data set includes coverage from the radio through X-ray bands from 17 different instruments/telescopes, and encompasses 19 epochs over a 7 month time period, resulting in one of the most well-sampled multi-wavelength data sets of a BH XRB outburst to date. With our data, we compile and model the broad-band spectra of this source using a phenomenological model that includes emission from the jet, companion star, and accretion flow. This modeling allows us to track the evolution of the spectral break in the jet spectrum, a key observable that samples the jet launching region. We find that the spectral break location changes over at least $\approx 3$ orders of magnitude in electromagnetic frequency over this period. Using these spectral break measurements, we link the full cycle of jet behavior, including the rising, quenching, and re-ignition, to the changing accretion flow properties as the source evolves through its different accretion states. Our analyses show a consistent jet behavior with other sources in similar phases of their outbursts, reinforcing that the jet quenching and recovery may be a global feature of BH XRB systems in outburst. Our results also provide valuable evidence supporting a close connection between the geometry of the inner accretion flow and the base of the jet.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (123)

• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• The Man Behind the Curtain: X-rays Drive the UV through NIR Variability in the 2013 AGN Outburst in NGC 2617
• Towards a unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets
• Modelling the behaviour of accretion flows in X-ray binaries
• X-shooter, the new wide band intermediate resolution spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope
• The All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) Light Curve Server v1.0
• The MAXI Mission on the ISS: Science and Instruments for Monitoring All Sky X-Ray Images
• Molecfit: A general tool for telluric absorption correction. I. Method and application to ESO instruments
• Lense-Thirring Precession and QPOs in Low Mass X-Ray Binaries
• Automated data reduction workflows for astronomy
• Going with the flow: can the base of jets subsume the role of compact accretion disk coronae?
• Empirical Color Transformations Between SDSS Photometry and Other Photometric Systems
• SCUBA-2: The 10000 pixel bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
• The Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Transient Monitor
• A jet model for the broadband spectrum of XTE J1118+480: Synchrotron emission from radio to X-rays in the Low/Hard spectral state
• Molecfit: A general tool for telluric absorption correction II. Quantitative evaluation on ESO-VLT X-Shooter spectra
• Low frequency QPO spectra and Lense-Thirring precession
• The evolution of black hole states
• The Non-Linear Dependence of Flux on Black Hole Mass and Accretion Rate in Core Dominated Jets
• Jets from black hole X-ray binaries: testing, refining and extending empirical models for the coupling to X-rays
• A review of quasi-periodic oscillations from black hole X-ray binaries: observation and theory
• Do X-ray Binary Spectral State Transition Luminosities Vary?
• WATCHDOG: A Comprehensive All-Sky Database of Galactic Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• The distances to Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries: consequences for black hole luminosities and kicks
• SCUBA-2: iterative map-making with the Sub-Millimetre User Reduction Facility
• SCUBA-2: on-sky calibration using submillimetre standard sources
• The ATLAS All-Sky Stellar Reference Catalog
• The corona contracts in a black-hole transient
• Near-infrared synchrotron emission from the compact jet of GX339-4
• Panchromatic study of GRB 060124: from precursor to afterglow
• Paper II: Calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope
• Large-Scale, Decelerating, Relativistic X-ray Jets from the Microquasar XTE J1550-654
• Real-time processing of the imaging data from the network of Las Cumbres Observatory Telescopes using BANZAI
• The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
• On the Origin of Radio Emission in the X-ray States of XTE J1650-500 during the 2001-2002 Outburst
• Gas Slit Camera (GSC) onboard MAXI on ISS
• Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei und Microquasars
• A variable mid-infrared synchrotron break associated with the compact jet in GX 339-4
• X-ray irradiation in XTE J1817-330 and the inner radius of the truncated disc in the hard state
• Reprocessing of X-rays in the outer accretion disc of the black hole binary XTE J1817--330
• Disc-jet coupling in the 2009 outburst of the black hole candidate H1743-322
• Fast infrared variability from a relativistic jet in GX 339-4
• An extremely powerful long-lived superluminal ejection from the black hole MAXI J1820+070
• A radio parallax to the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Discovery of oscillations above 200 keV in a black hole X-ray binary with Insight-HXMT
• Jet spectral breaks in black hole X-ray binaries
• Disk-jet coupling in the 2017/2018 outburst of the Galactic black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• The binary mass ratio in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Formation of the compact jets in the black hole GX 339-4
• The accretion-ejection coupling in the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1836-194
• Opening angles, Lorentz factors and confinement of X-ray binary jets
• Complete Multiwavelength Evolution of Galactic Black Hole Transients During Outburst Decay I: Conditions for "Compact" Jet Formation
• ASASSN-18ey: The Rise of a New Black-Hole X-ray Binary
• Dynamical confirmation of a black hole in MAXI J1820+070
• Spectral evolution of the microquasar XTE J1550-564 over its entire 2000 outburst
• Disk, Corona, Jet Connection in the Intermediate State of MAXI J1820+070 Revealed by NICER Spectral-Timing Analysis
• The complete spectrum of the neutron star X-ray binary 4U0614+091
• The spectral energy distribution of compact jets powered by internal shocks
• Coupling between the accreting corona and the relativistic jet in the micro quasar GRS 1915+105
• Insight-HXMT observations of jet-like corona in a black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• A rapid change in X-ray variability and a jet ejection in the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Extreme Jet Ejections from the Black Hole X-ray Binary V404 Cygni
• A Digital Correlator Upgrade for the Arcminute MicroKelvin Imager
• iShocks: X-ray binary jets with an internal shocks model
• The black hole transient MAXI J1348-630: evolution of the compact and transient jets during its 2019/2020 outburst
• An evolving compact jet in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1836-194
• Two Years of INTEGRAL monitoring of GRS 1915+105 Part 2: X-Ray Spectro-Temporal Analysis
• On the origin of the various types of radio emission in GRS 1915+105
• Internal shocks at the origin of the flat spectral energy distribution of compact jets
• Multiwavelength Observations of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550-564 during the 2000 Outburst
• X-ray and Optical Monitoring of State Transitions in MAXI J1820+070
• Near-infrared jet emission in the microquasar XTE J1550-564
• Accretion Geometry in the Hard State of the Black-Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1820+070
• Measuring fundamental jet properties with multi-wavelength fast timing of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• A Decade of SCUBA-2: A Comprehensive Guide to Calibrating 450 $\mu$m and 850 $\mu$m Continuum Data at the JCMT
• The NICER "Reverberation Machine": A Systematic Study of Time Lags in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
• Relativistic X-ray jets from the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• The Varying Kinematics of Multiple Ejecta from the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820+070
• A connection between plasma conditions near black hole event horizons and outflow properties
• Systematic Trends In Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Data
• Near-infrared emission lines trace the state-independent accretion disc wind of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Optical precursors to X-ray binary outbursts
• Rapid compact jet quenching in the Galactic black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• The evolving properties of the corona of GRS 1915+105: A spectral-timing perspective through variable-Comptonisation modelling
• A Black Hole X-ray Binary at $\sim$100 Hz: Multiwavelength Timing of MAXI J1820+070 with HiPERCAM and NICER
• Lorentz Factors of compact jets in Black hole X-ray binaries
• A timing study of MAXI J1820+070 based on Swift/XRT and NICER monitoring in 2018/19
• On the role of the magnetic field on jet emission in X-ray binaries
• Broadband monitoring tracing the evolution of the jet and disk in the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1659-152
• A variable corona during the transition from type-C to type-B quasi-periodic oscillations in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Dual-Corona Comptonization model for the Type-B Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in GX 339-4
• X-ray, Optical, and Near-infrared Monitoring of the New X-ray Transient MAXI J1820+070 in the Low/hard State
• Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope monitoring of the black hole X-ray binary, V404 Cygni, during its June 2015 outburst
• The evolving jet spectrum of the neutron star X-ray binary Aql X-1 in transitional states during its 2016 outburst
• Linking accretion flow and particle acceleration in jets - II. Self-similar jet models with full relativistic MHD gravitational mass
• The evolution of the broadband temporal features observed in the black-hole transient MAXI J1820+070 with Insight-HXMT
• Enhanced optical activity 12 days before X-ray activity, and a 4 day X-ray delay during outburst rise, in a low-mass X-ray binary
• Tracking the variable jets of V404 Cygni during its 2015 outburst
• A spectral study of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 with AstroSat and NuSTAR
• A wildly flickering jet in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1535-571
• On the high-energy emissions of compact objects observed with INTEGRAL SPI: Event selection impact on source spectra and scientific results for the bright sources Crab Nebula, GS2023+338 and MAXI J1820+070
• The appearance of a compact jet in the soft-intermediate state of 4U 1543-47
• MAXI J1820+070 X-ray spectral-timing reveals the nature of the accretion flow in black hole binaries
• Colours of black holes: infrared flares from the hot accretion disc in XTE J1550-564
• ALMA observations of 4U 1728-34 and 4U 1820-30: first detection of neutron star X-ray binaries at 300 GHz
• Full radiative coupling in two-phase models for accreting black holes
• A spectrally stratified hot accretion flow in the hard state of MAXI J1820+070
• Interference as an origin of the peaked noise in accreting X-ray binaries
• A detailed view of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in the broadband 0.2-200 keV with Insight-HXMT and NICER
• Sub-mm Jet Properties of the X-Ray Binary Swift J1745$-$26
• A new method for extending solutions to the self-similar relativistic magnetohydrodynamics equations for black hole outflows
• The Evolution of Rapid Optical/X-ray Timing Correlations in the Initial Hard State of MAXI J1820+070
• Are Low-Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations seen in accretion flows the disk response to a jet instability?
• Observations of the Disk/Jet Coupling of MAXI J1820+070 During its Descent to Quiescence
• Broad-band spectral study of X-ray transient MAXI J1820+070 using Swift/XRT and NuSTAR
• The accretion flow geometry of MAXI J1820+070 through broadband noise research with Insight-HXMT
• Correlating spectral and timing properties in the evolving jet of the micro blazar MAXI J1836-194
• The origin of optical emission lines in the soft state of X-ray binary outbursts: the case of MAXI J1820+070
• A broadband view on microquasar MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst
• Multiwavelength observations of MAXI J1820+070 during its outburst decay and subsequent mini-outburst
• Accretion Scenario of MAXI J1820+070 during 2018 Outbursts with Multi-mission Observations
• Synchronous X-ray/Optical QPOs from the Black Hole LMXB MAXI J1820+070
• Infrared interferometry to spatially and spectrally resolve jets in X-ray binaries

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Swift J1727.8-1613 has the Largest Resolved Continuous Jet Ever Seen in an X-ray Binary
• A multi-wavelength study of the hard and soft states of MAXI J1820+070 during its 2018 outburst
• Evolution of Accretion Disk Structure of the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820$+$070 during the Rebrightening Phase
• The Accretion-Ejection Connection in the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI J1820$+$070
• Tracking optical variability and outflows across the accretion states of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Rapid far-infrared spectral timing of X-ray binaries with PRIMA