Automated data reduction workflows for astronomy

Abstract

Data from complex modern astronomical instruments often consist of a large number of different science and calibration files, and their reduction requires a variety of software tools. The execution chain of the tools represents a complex workflow that needs to be tuned and supervised, often by individual researchers that are not necessarily experts for any specific instrument. The efficiency of data reduction can be improved by using automatic workflows to organise data and execute the sequence of data reduction steps. To realize such efficiency gains, we designed a system that allows intuitive representation, execution and modification of the data reduction workflow, and has facilities for inspection and interaction with the data. The European Southern Observatory (ESO) has developed Reflex, an environment to automate data reduction workflows. Reflex is implemented as a package of customized components for the Kepler workflow engine. Kepler provides the graphical user interface to create an executable flowchart-like representation of the data reduction process. Key features of Reflex are a rule-based data organiser, infrastructure to re-use results, thorough book-keeping, data progeny tracking, interactive user interfaces, and a novel concept to exploit information created during data organisation for the workflow execution. Reflex includes novel concepts to increase the efficiency of astronomical data processing. While Reflex is a specific implementation of astronomical scientific workflows within the Kepler workflow engine, the overall design choices and methods can also be applied to other environments for running automated science workflows.

12 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (1)

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• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Black Hole Swift J1753.5-0127
• Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs -- VII. The discovery of the first wide M + L extreme subdwarf binary
• A spectroscopic search for White Dwarf companions to 101 nearby M dwarfs
• Accretion variability of the multiple T Tauri system VW Cha
• The pristine nature of SMSS 1605$-$1443 revealed by ESPRESSO
• Extreme nature of four blue-excess dust-obscured galaxies revealed by optical spectroscopy
• The first radial velocity measurements of a microlensing event: no evidence for the predicted binary
• The Complex Gaseous and Stellar environments of the nearby dual AGN Mrk 739
• Spectroscopic substellar initial mass function of NGC 2244
• Internal kinematics and structure of the bulge globular cluster NGC 6569
• Reanalysis of neutron-capture elements in the benchmark r-rich star CS 31082-001
• Mapping the inner regions of the polar disk galaxy NGC4650A with MUSE
• Multi-wavelength detection of an ongoing FUOr-type outburst on a low-mass YSO
• Detailed shapes of the line-of-sight velocity distributions in massive early-type galaxies from non-parametric spectral models
• Reconstructing the extended structure of multiple sources strongly lensed by the ultra-massive elliptical galaxy SDSS J0100+1818
• AlFoCS + F3D II: unexpectedly low gas-to-dust ratios in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• Composition and origin of L5 Trojan asteroids of Mars: Insights from spectroscopy
• Particle acceleration in low-power hotspots: modelling the broad-band spectral energy distribution
• Probing the Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae using Circumstellar Material Interaction Signatures
• The ESO-VLT MIKiS survey reloaded: exploring the internal kinematics of NGC 6440
• Microlens mass determination for Gaia's predicted photometric events
• The relativistic jet of the $\gamma$-ray emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS J1222$+$0413
• Explosive nucleosynthesis of a metal-deficient star as the source of a distinct odd-even effect in the solar twin HIP 11915
• The young massive star cluster Westerlund 2 observed with MUSE. II. MUSEpack -- a Python package to analyze the kinematics of young star clusters
• Spatially separated continuum sources revealed by microlensing in the gravitationally lensed broad absorption line quasar SDSSJ081830.46+060138.0
• Direct evidence of two-component ejecta in supernova 2016gkg from nebular spectroscopy
• The Carnegie Supernova Project II. Observations of SN 2014ab possibly revealing a 2010jl-like SN IIn with pre-existing dust
• The ESO UVES/FEROS Large Programs of TESS OB pulsators. I. Global stellar parameters from high-resolution spectroscopy
• Systematic errors on optical-SED stellar mass estimates for galaxies across cosmic time and their impact on cosmology
• Inhomogeneity in the early Galactic chemical enrichment exposed by beryllium abundances in extremely metal-poor stars
• Shutting down or powering up a (U)LIRG? Merger components in distinctly different evolutionary states in IRAS 19115-2124 (The Bird)
• Abell 315: reconciling cluster mass estimates from kinematics, X-ray, and lensing
• MOSEL Survey: Extremely weak outflows in EoR analogues at z=3-4
• Velocity-imaging the rapidly precessing planetary disc around the white dwarf HE 1349-2305 using Doppler tomography
• Opening PANDORA's box: APEX observations of CO in PNe
• Near Infrared spectroscopic indices for unresolved stellar populations. I. Template galaxy spectra
• MUSE-AO view of the starburst-AGN connection: NGC 7130
• The cooling-down central star of the planetary nebula SwSt\,1: a late thermal pulse in a massive post-AGB star?
• Newborn Be star systems observed shortly after mass transfer
• Spectroscopic characterisation of microlensing events Towards a new interpretation of OGLE-2011-BLG-0417
• A transiting giant planet in orbit around a 0.2-solar-mass host star
• A detailed view on the circumstellar environment of the M-type AGB star EP Aquarii I. High-resolution ALMA and SPHERE observations
• VLT/X-shooter spectroscopy of massive young stellar objects in the 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Evidence of Gaia Enceladus experiencing at least two passages around the Milky Way
• Spectral and angular differential imaging with SPHERE/IFS. Assessing the performance of various PCA-based approaches to PSF subtraction
• Discovery and analysis of a ULX nebula in NGC 3521
• Empirical Determination of the Lithium 6707.856 Å Wavelength in Young Stars
• X-Shooter Survey of Young Intermediate Mass Stars -- I. Stellar Characterization and Disc Evolution
• SPORK That Spectrum: Increasing Detection Significances from High-Resolution Exoplanet Spectroscopy with Novel Smoothing Algorithms
• A closer look at LTT 9779b: The ESPRESSO endeavour to pierce the atmospheric veil
• Towards early-type eclipsing binaries as extragalactic milestones: I. Physical parameters of OGLE-LMC-ECL-22270 and OGLE-LMC-ECL-06782
• Mid-infrared imaging of Supernova 1987A
• Gaia0007-1605: an old triple system with an inner brown dwarf-white dwarf binary and an outer white dwarf companion
• Accretion and extinction variations in the low-mass pre-main sequence binary system WX Cha
• Detection and Implications of Laser-Induced Raman Scattering at Astronomical Observatories
• Near-infrared spectroscopy of embedded protostars in the massive metal-poor star-forming region NGC 346
• Primeval very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs - V. A halo L3 subdwarf with prograde eccentric orbit in the Galactic plane
• Gas, dust, and the CO-to-molecular gas conversion factor in low-metallicity starbursts
• The planetary nebula IC 5148 and its ionized halo
• MUSE observations of the counter-rotating nuclear ring in NGC 7742
• Revisiting the complex kinematics of ionized gas at the central region of NGC 1068: evidence of an additional active galactic nucleus?
• The population of young low-mass stars in Trumpler 14
• Spectral characterization of young LT dwarfs
• Multi-wavelength properties of three new radio-powerful $z\sim 5.6$ quasi-stellar objects discovered from RACS
• A kinematical study of the launching region of the blueshifted HH 46/47 outflow with SINFONI K-band observations
• See Change: VLT spectroscopy of a sample of high-redshift Type Ia supernova host galaxies
• Looking into the faintEst WIth MUSE (LEWIS): Exploring the nature of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Hydra I cluster III. Untangling UDG 32 from the stripped filaments of NGC 3314A with multi-wavelength data
• Double-peaked OI profile: a likely signature of the gaseous ring around KH 15D
• Spectral characterization of newly detected young substellar binaries with SINFONI
• Morphologies and Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae in the Galactic bulge from VLT, $\text{HST}$ and Pan-STARRS imaging
• Massive pre-main-sequence stars in M17: $1^{\mathrm{st}}$ and $2^{\mathrm{nd}}$ overtone CO bandhead emission and the thermal infrared
• Spectroscopic Transit Search: a self-calibrating method for detecting planets around bright stars
• A Pristine-UNIONS view on the Galaxy: Kinematics of the distant spur feature of the Sagittarius stream traced by Blue Horizontal Branch stars
• X-SHYNE: X-Shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs II. Presentation and analysis of the full library
• eRO-ExTra: eROSITA extragalactic non-AGN X-ray transients and variables in eRASS1 and eRASS2
• Spatial Correlation Between Dust and H$\alpha$ Emission in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
• First black hole mass estimation for the quadruple lensed system WGD2038-4008
• Testing the mass-radius relation of white dwarfs in common proper motion pairs I.Hydrogen-dominated atmospheres
• Detection of new O-type stars in the obscured stellar cluster Tr 16-SE in the Carina Nebula with KMOS
• The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS): V. Discovery of a dwarf-dwarf galaxy pair at z=0.30 and its characterization using deep VLT/MUSE observations
• Comprehensive view on a $z\sim 6.5$ radio-loud QSO: from the radio to the optical/NIR to the X-ray band
• The first spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs in NGC 2264
• Discovery of a jet from the single HAe/Be star HD 100546
• Raman-scattered laser guide star photons to monitor the scatter of astronomical telescope mirrors
• Towards a consistent model of the hot quadruple system HD 93206 = QZ Carinæ: II. N-body model
• A negative stellar mass$-$gaseous metallicity gradient relation of dwarf galaxies modulated by stellar feedback
• High-$z$ radio Quasars in RACS I: Selection, identification, and multi-wavelength properties
• An Escaping Outflow in a Galaxy with an Intermediate-mass Black Hole
• The bright long-lived Type II SN 2021irp powered by aspherical circumstellar material interaction (I): Revealing the energy source with photometry and spectroscopy
• Complex diffuse emission in the $z=0.52$ cluster PLCK~G004.5-19.5
• Optical constraints on the coldest metal-poor population
• Discovering new B[e] supergiants and candidate Luminous Blue Variables in nearby galaxies
• Lithium in NGC 2243 and NGC 104
• Identifying four $INTEGRAL$ sources in the Galactic Plane via VLT/optical and $XMM$-$Newton$/X-ray spectroscopy
• Massive stars in the young cluster VVV CL074
• Evidence for Infalling Gas in a Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob
• GRB 080928 afterglow imaging and spectro-polarimetry
• Early-time spectroscopic modelling of the transitional Type Ia Supernova 2021rhu with TARDIS
• Two substellar survivor candidates; one found and one missing
• The fragility of thin discs in galaxies -- I. Building tailored N-body galaxy models
• The bulge globular cluster Terzan 6 as seen from multi-conjugate adaptive optics and HST
• Combining Astrometry and Elemental Abundances: The Case of the Candidate Pre-Gaia Halo Moving Groups G03-37, G18-39, and G21-22
• Fluorescent C II* 1335A emission spectroscopically resolved in a galaxy at z = 5.754
• Probing accretion and stellar properties in the Orion Nebula with VLT/X-Shooter
• Detection of Faint BLR Components in the Starburst/Seyfert Galaxy NGC 6221 and Measure of the Central BH Mass
• Multiple gas phases in supernova remnant IC 443: mapping shocked H${}_2$ with VLT/KMOS
• NIR jets from a clustered region of massive star formation: Morphology and composition in the IRAS 18264-1152 region
• The Fornax 3D project: PNe populations and stellar metallicity in edge-on galaxies
• Investigating silicate, carbon, and water in the diffuse interstellar medium: the first shots from WISCI
• CN and CO Features: Key Indicators of Red Giant Evolutionary Phase in Moderate-Resolution X-Shooter Spectra
• Relatively young thick disks in star-forming late-type galaxies
• ExoplaNeT accRetion mOnitoring sPectroscopic surveY (ENTROPY) - II. Time series of Balmer line profiles of Delorme 1(AB)b
• Detecting H${}_2$O with CRIRES+: the case of WASP-20b
• A second-generation star in a relic dwarf galaxy
• Massive dusty multiphase outflow in local merger shows no sign of slowing on kiloparsec scales
• Measurement of stellar and substellar winds using white dwarf hosts
• An unusual transient following the short GRB 071227
• GAMA 526784: the progenitor of a globular cluster-rich ultra-diffuse galaxy? I. Star clusters, stellar body and ionised gas properties
• Comet 66P/du Toit: not a near Earth main belt comet
• Characterization of very wide companion candidates to young stars with planets and disks
• The substellar population in Corona Australis
• A 3D view of dwarf galaxies with Gaia and VLT/FLAMES II. The Sextans dwarf spheroidal
• Nucleus of active asteroid 358P/Pan-STARRS (P/2012 T1)
• A new way to measure the distance to NGC1052-DF2
• The CGM-GRB Study II: Outflow-Galaxy Connection at z ~ 2-6
• Sulfur oxides tracing streamers and shocks at low mass protostellar disk-envelope interfaces
• PASSAGES: The Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Protocluster Core Candidate at Cosmic Noon
• Radial velocity precision of ESPRESSO through the analysis of the solar twin HIP 11915
• Abundant sub-micron grains revealed in newly discovered extreme debris discs
• Low-redshift quasars in the SDSS Stripe 82 -- III MOS observations
• Black Hole masses for 14 gravitational lensed quasars
• Characterising Young Visual M-dwarf Binaries with Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectra
• Rapid-response characterization of near-Earth asteroid 2024 YR4 during a Torino Scale 3 alert
• Ionised AGN outflows in the Goldfish galaxy -- The illuminating and interacting red quasar eFEDSJ091157.4+014327 at z $\sim$ 0.6
• Discovery of a brown dwarf with quasi-spherical mass-loss
• The iron and oxygen content of LMC Classical Cepheids and its implications for the Extragalactic Distance Scale and Hubble constant
• Observational diversity of bright long-lived Type II supernovae
• {\sc precision}: A fast python pipeline for high-contrast imaging -- application to SPHERE observations of the red supergiant VX Sagitariae
• A new Bowen Fluorescence Flare and Extreme Coronal Line Emitter discovered by SRG/eROSITA
• Unveiling the nature of the Einstein Probe transient EP 241021a
• Estimating the contribution of foreground halos to the FRB 180924 dispersion measure
• Shock shaping? Nebular Spectroscopy of Nova V906 Carinae
• Performance of ESPRESSO's high resolution 4x2 binning for characterizing intervening absorbers towards faint quasars
• Deciphering the explosion mechanism of Type Ia SNe using their remnants II: a deep dive into double detonations with SNR 0509-67.5
• The ionization structure and chemical history in isolated H II regions of dwarf galaxies with IFU I. The Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
• Full abundance study of two newly discovered barium giants
• VLT VIMOS Integral Field Spectroscopy of the nova remnant FH Ser
• Helium emission from Balmer-dominated shocks in Type Ia supernova remnants provides constraints to their progenitor systems
• Searching for supermassive black holes binaries within SRG/eROSITA-De I: Properties of the X-ray selected candidates
• Do White Dwarfs Sample Water-Rich Planetary Material?
• Large-scale variability in macroturbulence driven by pulsations in the rapidly rotating massive star Zeta Oph from high-cadence ESPRESSO spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• PHL 5038AB: Is the brown dwarf causing pollution of its white dwarf host star?
• Structure of the accretion flow of IX Velorum as revealed by high-resolution spectroscopy
• Exploring the connection between compact object mergers and fast X-ray transients: The cases of LXT 240402A and EP250207b
• Benchmark brown dwarfs -- I. A blue M2 + T5 wide binary and a probable young [M4 + M4] + [T7 + T8] hierarchical quadruple
• VLTI observations of the Orion Belt stars: I. eps Orionis
• VVV-WIT-13: an eruptive young star with cool molecular features
• An Archival Optical Counterpart Search for Extragalactic Fast X-Ray Transients Discovered by Einstein Probe
• The luminosity history of fading local quasars over 10${}^{4-5}$ years as observed by VLT/MUSE
• Discovery of a runaway star likely ejected by a Type Iax Supernova
• Spatially resolved centrifugal magnetosphere caught in motion around the secondary component of $\rho$ Oph A
• Closing the gap: Follow-up observations of peculiar dusty objects close to Sgr A* using ERIS
• $\delta$ Circini: A massive hierarchical triple system with an eclipsing binary
• Disentangling Milky Way halo populations at low metallicities using [Al/Fe]
• The physical properties of candidate neutrino-emitter blazars
• Spectral classification of young stars using conditional invertible neural networks II. Application to Trumpler 14 in Carina
• Revisiting the BE99 method for the study of outflowing gas in protostellar jets
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 across a state transition
• Characterising the orbit and circumstellar environment of the high-mass binary MWC 166 A
• An extensive radial velocity survey toward NGC 6253
• Variability of the DG Tau Forbidden Emission Line Low Velocity Component
• GRB 160410A: the first Chemical Study of the Interstellar Medium of a Short GRB
• Constraining the Size of the Circumgalactic Medium Using the Transverse Autocorrelation Function of C IV Absorbers in Paired Quasar Spectra
• The Fornax3D project: Planetary nebulae catalogue and independent distance measurements to Fornax cluster galaxies
• Multi-scale radiative-transfer model of the protoplanetary disc DoAr 44
• An Eccentric Massive Protobinary Assembled via a Core-merger Parabolic Encounter
• I Can Do It With A Broken Planetesimal: Characterising the planetary debris in heavily polluted cool white dwarfs
• Disruption of a Giant: Spectroscopic Identification of Members in the Periphery and Tidal Tails of $\omega$ Centauri
• VLTI-GRAVITY observations of blazars
• Resolved nuclear kinematics link the formation and growth of nuclear star clusters with the evolution of their early and late-type hosts
• AVID: A Near-Major Post-Merger of Late-Type Dwarfs beneath a Regularly Rotating HI Disk (VCC 693)
• Gaia FGK Benchmark Stars: Selecting Infrared Lines for Abundance Determination
• A VLT/VIMOS view of two $Planck$ multiple-cluster systems: structure and galaxy properties
• The ionization structure and chemical history in isolated H ii regions of dwarf galaxies with VIMOS/IFU II. The Leo A galaxy
• HD 44892: The youngest (or oldest?) gas-harbouring debris disc around an intermediate mass star
• The most distant optically polarised GRB afterglow: GRB 240419A at z = 5.178
• Declining metallicity and extended HeII in the outflow of an epoch of reionization analogue galaxy
• Modeling Circumstellar Gas Emission around a White Dwarf Using Cloudy