Discovery of a brown dwarf with quasi-spherical mass-loss

Abstract

We report the serendipitous discovery of an elliptical shell of CO associated with the faint stellar object SSTc2d J163134.1-24006 as part of the "Ophiuchus Disk Survey Employing ALMA" (ODISEA), a project aiming to study the entire population of protoplanetary disks in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud from 230 GHz continuum emission and ${}^{12}$CO (J=2-1), ${}^{13}$CO (J=2-1) and C${}^{18}$CO (J=2-1) lines readable in Band-6. Remarkably, we detect a bright ${}^{12}$CO elliptical shape emission of $\sim$ 3${}^{"}$ $\times$ 4${}^{"}$ towards SSTc2d J163134.1-24006 without a 230 GHz continuum detection. Based on the observed near-IR spectrum taken with the Very Large Telescope (KMOS), the brightness of the source, its 3-dimensional motion, and Galactic dynamic arguments, we conclude that the source is not a giant star in the distant background ($>$5 - 10 kpc) and is most likely to be a young brown dwarf in the Ophiuchus cloud, at a distance of just $\sim$139 pc. This is the first report of quasi-spherical mass loss in a young brown dwarf. We suggest that the observed shell could be associated with a thermal pulse produced by the fusion of deuterium, which is not yet well understood, but for a sub-stellar object is expected to occur during a short period of time at an age of a few Myr, in agreement with the ages of the objects in the region. Other more exotic scenarios, such as a merger with planetary companions, cannot be ruled out from the current observations.

arXiv comment27 pages, 20 Figures. Accepted ApJ

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• Variability in SSTc2d J163134.1-240100, a brown dwarf with quasi-spherical mass loss