Formation of S0s in extreme environments I: clues from kinematics and stellar populations

Abstract

Despite numerous efforts, it is still unclear whether lenticular galaxies (S0s) evolve from spirals whose star formation was suppressed, or formed trough mergers or disk instabilities. In this paper we present a pilot study of 21 S0 galaxies in extreme environments (field and cluster), and compare their spatially-resolved kinematics and global stellar populations. Our aim is to identify whether there are different mechanisms that form S0s in different environments. Our results show that the kinematics of S0 galaxies in field and cluster are, indeed, different. Lenticulars in the cluster are more rotationally supported, suggesting that they are formed through processes that involve the rapid consumption or removal of gas (e.g. starvation, ram pressure stripping). In contrast, S0s in the field are more pressure supported, suggesting that minor mergers served mostly to shape their kinematic properties. These results are independent of total mass, luminosity, or disk-to-bulge ratio. On the other hand, the mass-weighted age, metallicity, and star formation time-scale of the galaxies correlate more with mass than with environment, in agreement with known relations from previous work such as the one between mass and metallicity. Overall, our results re-enforce the idea that there are multiple mechanisms that produce S0s, and that both mass $and$ environment play key roles. A larger sample is highly desirable to confirm or refute the results and the interpretation of this pilot study.

18 pages, 11 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• H I content in Coma cluster substructure
• The SLUGGS survey: combining stars, globular clusters and planetary nebulae to understand the assembly history of early-type galaxies from their large radii kinematics
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: bulge and disk stellar population properties in cluster galaxies
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• The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies
• Formation of S0s in extreme environments III: the role of environment in the formation pathways
• Radial Star Formation Histories in 32 Nearby Galaxies
• The assembly history of the nearest S0 galaxy NGC 3115 from its kinematics out to six half-light radii
• Recovering the origins of the lenticular galaxy NGC 3115 using multi-band imaging
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• Toward Understanding the Evolutionary Role of Star-forming Lenticular Galaxies: New HI Detections and Comparison with Quiescent S0s and Red Spirals