The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies

Abstract

We apply a population-orbit superposition method to 16 galaxies in the Fornax cluster observed with MUSE/VLT in the context of the Fornax3D project. By fitting the luminosity distribution, stellar kinematics, and age and metallicity maps simultaneously, we obtained the internal stellar orbit distribution, as well as the age and metallicity distribution of stars on different orbits for each galaxy. Based on the model, we decompose each galaxy into a dynamically cold disk (orbital circularity ${\lambda }_z\ge 0.8$) and a dynamically hot non-disk component (orbital circularity ${\lambda }_z<0.8$), and obtain the surface-brightness, age, and metallicity radial profiles of each component. The galaxy infall time into the cluster is strongly correlated with galaxy cold-disk age with older cold disks in ancient infallers. We quantify the infall time $t_{\mathrm{infall}}$ of each galaxy with its cold-disk age using a correlation calibrated with TNG50 cosmological simulations. For galaxies in the Fornax cluster, we found that the luminosity fraction of cold disk in galaxies with $t_{\mathrm{infall}}>8$ Gyr are a factor of $\sim 4$ lower than in more recent infallers while controlling for total stellar mass. Nine of the 16 galaxies have spatially extended cold disks, and most of them show positive or zero age gradients; stars in the inner disk are $\sim 2-5$ Gyr younger than that in the outer disk, in contrast to the expectation of inside-out growth. Our results indicate that the assembly of cold disks in galaxies is strongly affected by their infall into clusters, by either removal of gas in outer regions or even tidally stripping or heating part of the pre-existing disks. Star formation in outer disks can stop quickly after the galaxy falls into the cluster, while star formation in the inner disks can last for a few Gyrs more, building the positive age gradient measured in cold disks.

arXiv comment31 pages, 32 figures, Accepted to A&A

References in corpus (108)

• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• Overview of the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey: Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
• Adaptive spatial binning of integral-field spectroscopic data using Voronoi tessellations
• CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: I. Survey presentation
• The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
• The SAURON project - IV. The mass-to-light ratio, the virial mass estimator and the fundamental plane of elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• Evolution since z = 0.5 of the Morphology-Density relation for Clusters of Galaxies
• Cold dark matter haloes in the Planck era: evolution of structural parameters for Einasto and NFW profiles
• First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: The evolution of stellar and gaseous disks across cosmic time
• An updated MILES stellar library and stellar population models
• The SAURON project -- IX. A kinematic classification for early-type galaxies
• The ATLAS3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of Fast and Slow Rotators
• The Origin of Star Formation Gradients in Rich Galaxy Clusters
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The environmental dependence of galaxy star formation rates near clusters
• Ram Pressure Stripping of Spiral Galaxies in Clusters
• Relationship between environment and the broad-band optical properties of galaxies in the SDSS
• The SAURON project -- X. The orbital anisotropy of elliptical and lenticular galaxies: revisiting the (V/sigma,epsilon) diagram with integral-field stellar kinematics
• The SAURON project. II. Sample and early results
• UV-extended E-MILES stellar population models: young components in massive early-type galaxies
• Measuring the inclination and mass-to-light ratio of axisymmetric galaxies via anisotropic Jeans models of stellar kinematics
• Efficient Multi-Gaussian Expansion of galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: instrument specification and target selection
• Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral-Field Spectroscopy
• The Atlas3D Project - XXX. Star formation histories and stellar population scaling relations of early-type galaxies
• The Atlas3D project - VII. A new look at the morphology of nearby galaxies: the kinematic morphology-density relation
• Axisymmetric Dynamical Models of the Central Regions of Galaxies
• Evolutionary stellar population synthesis with MILES - II. Scaled-solar and α-enhanced models
• Dynamical Modeling of Velocity Profiles: The Dark Halo Around the Elliptical Galaxy NGC2434
• The SAURON project - XVII. Stellar population analysis of the absorption line strength maps of 48 early-type galaxies
• The CALIFA survey across the Hubble sequence: Spatially resolved stellar population properties in galaxies
• Triaxial orbit based galaxy models with an application to the (apparent) decoupled core galaxy NGC 4365
• Mass estimation in the outer regions of galaxy clusters
• The SINFONI Black Hole Survey: The Black Hole Fundamental Plane revisited and the paths of (co-) evolution of supermassive black holes and bulges
• Strangulation in Galaxy Groups
• Inside Out and Upside Down: Tracing the Assembly of a Simulated Disk Galaxy Using Mono-Age Stellar Populations
• Axisymmetric, 3-Integral Models of Galaxies: A Massive Black Hole in NGC3379
• Substructure and dynamics of the Fornax Cluster
• Improved evidence for a black hole in M32 from HST/FOS spectra - II. Axisymmetric dynamical models
• Stellar populations of early-type galaxies in different environments II. Ages and metallicities
• Phase-space Analysis in the Group and Cluster environment: Time since Infall and Tidal Mass Loss
• Made-to-measure N-body systems
• Dynamical modelling of luminous and dark matter in 17 Coma early-type galaxies
• Difficulties with Recovering The Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. I. The extended and diffuse stellar halo of NGC~1399 out to 192 kpc
• A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass
• Age and metallicity gradients in early-type galaxies: A dwarf to giant sequence
• Jellyfish galaxies with the IllustrisTNG simulations: I. Gas-stripping phenomena in the full cosmological context
• NMAGIC: Fast Parallel Implementation of a Chi-Squared-Made-to-Measure Algorithm for Modelling Observational Data
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: environmental dependence of stellar age and metallicity gradients in nearby galaxies
• Evidence for a Massive Black Hole in the S0 Galaxy NGC 4342
• Evidence for a massive BH in the S0 galaxy NGC 4342
• MaGICC Thick Disk I: Comparing a Simulated Disk Formed with Stellar Feedback to the Milky Way
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Global stellar population and gradients for about 2000 early-type and spiral galaxies on the mass-size plane
• Kinematics of tidal tails in interacting galaxies: Tidal Dwarf Galaxies and projection effects
• Orbital decomposition of CALIFA spiral galaxies
• The Fornax 3D project: unveiling the thick disk origin in FCC 170: signs of accretion?
• Orbit-based dynamical models of the Sculptor dSph galaxy
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: variation of the stellar initial mass function in spiral and early-type galaxies
• On the Radio Detectability of Circumplanetary Discs
• MUSE observations of M87: radial gradients for the stellar initial-mass function and the abundance of Sodium
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: stellar population gradients as a function of galaxy environment
• The Stellar Populations of Stripped Spiral Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
• Determination of masses of the central black holes in NGC524 and NGC2549 using Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
• The Black Hole in the Most Massive Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy M59-UCD3
• Insights into formation scenarios of massive Early-Type galaxies from spatially resolved stellar population analysis in CALIFA
• The fate of disk galaxies in IllustrisTNG clusters
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. V. Exploring the faintest regions of the bright early-type galaxies inside the virial radius
• Metals Removed by Outflows from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
• Combining Stellar Populations with Orbit-Superposition Dynamical Modelling - the Formation History of the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 3115
• The Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey. V. modelling the dynamics of M87 with the Made-to-Measure method
• The Fornax3D project: Tracing the assembly history of the cluster from the kinematic and line-strength maps
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST XI. The search for signs of preprocessing between the Fornax main cluster and Fornax A group
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: the diversity of ram pressure stripping of the galactic HI gas in the Hydra Cluster
• Slow-then-rapid quenching as traced by tentative evidence for enhanced metallicities of cluster galaxies at z~0.2 in the slow quenching phase
• A new implementation of the Schwarzschild method for constructing observationally-driven dynamical models of galaxies of all morphological types
• Recovering stellar population parameters via two full-spectrum fitting algorithms in the absence of model uncertainties
• The diverse nature and formation paths of slow rotator galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
• The Fornax 3D project: Thick disks in a cluster environment
• YZiCS: Preprocessing of dark halos in the hydrodynamic zoom-in simulation of clusters
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Stellar population radial gradients in early-type galaxies
• Disentangling the formation history of galaxies via population-orbit superposition: method validation
• Evaluating the ability of triaxial Schwarzschild modelling to estimate properties of galaxies from the Illustris simulation
• The Fornax dwarf galaxy as a remnant of recent dwarf-dwarf merging in the Local Group
• The two formation pathways of S0 galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: Assembly histories of lenticular galaxies from a combined dynamical and population orbital analysis
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population gradients of central galaxies
• A novel approach to optimize the regularization and evaluation of dynamical models using a model selection framework
• Cluster induced quenching of galaxies in the massive cluster XMMXCSJ2215.9-1738 at z~1.5 traced by enhanced metallicities inside half R200
• Formation of S0s in extreme environments I: clues from kinematics and stellar populations
• The Fornax3D project: discovery of ancient massive merger events in the Fornax cluster galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 1427
• The distinct stellar metallicity populations of simulated Local Group dwarfs
• Made-to-measure galaxy models - II Elliptical and Lenticular Galaxies
• Triaxial Orbit-based Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies with Supermassive Black Holes and an Application to Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1453
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI gas disc truncation and star formation of galaxies falling into the Hydra I cluster
• On the robustness of triaxial Schwarzschild modelling: The effects of correcting the orbit mirroring
• A dynamical view on stellar metallicity gradient diversity across the Hubble sequence with CALIFA
• Orbit-Superposition Dynamical Modeling of Barred Galaxies
• Indications of the invalidity of the exponentiality of the disk within bulges of spiral galaxies
• Recovering the mass profile and orbit anisotropy of mock dwarf galaxies with Schwarzschild modelling
• Formation of S0s in extreme environments III: the role of environment in the formation pathways
• Mapping the dark matter halo of early-type galaxy NGC 2974 through orbit-based models with combined stellar and cold gas kinematics
• The Fornax3D project: The assembly history of massive early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster from deep imaging and integral field spectroscopy
• The age gradients of galaxies in EAGLE: outside-in quenching as the origin of young bulges in cluster galaxies
• The survival of stellar discs in Fornax-like environments, from TNG50 to real galaxies

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Quantifying the stellar ages of dynamically separated bulges and disks of CALIFA spiral galaxies
• Equilibrium dynamical models in the inner region of the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Gaia DR3 kinematics
• Galaxy mass-size segregation in the cosmic web from the CAVITY parent sample
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data I. Method validation
• The diverse physical origins of stars in the dynamically hot bulge: CALIFA vs. IllustrisTNG
• Are early-type galaxies quenched by present-day environment? A study of dwarfs in the Fornax Cluster
• The effects of environment on galaxies' dynamical structures: From simulations to observations
• Recovering the pattern speeds of edge-on barred galaxies via an orbit-superposition method
• Detecting Intermediate-Mass Black Holes out to 20 Mpc with ELT/HARMONI: The Case of FCC 119
• Distinguishing the formation paths of massive compact ETGs through their internal dynamical structures
• Estimating infall times of galaxies around clusters: how accurately can it be done with observational data?
• Orbit-based structural decomposition and stellar population recovery for edge-on barred galaxies