The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. V. Exploring the faintest regions of the bright early-type galaxies inside the virial radius

Abstract

This paper is based on the multi-band (ugri) Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). We study bright early-type galaxies (m_B<15 mag) in the 9 square degrees around the core of the Fornax cluster, which covers the virial radius. The main goal of the present work is to provide the analysis of the light distribution for all galaxies out to unprecedented limits (in radius and surface brightness) and to release the main products resulting from this analysis in all FDS bands. From the isophote fit, we derive the azimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles, the position angle and ellipticity profiles as a function of the semi-major axis. In each band, we derive the total magnitudes, effective radii, integrated colors and stellar mass-to-light ratios. The long integration times, the arcsec-level angular resolution of OmegaCam@VST and the large covered area of FDS allow us to map the light and color distributions out to large galactocentric distances (up to about 10-15 R_e) and surface brightness levels beyond mu_r = 27 mag/arcsec^2 (mu_B > 28 mag/arcsec^2). Therefore, the new FDS data allow us to explore in great detail the morphology and structure of cluster galaxies out to the region of the stellar halo. The observations suggest that the Fornax cluster is not completely relaxed inside the virial radius. The bulk of the gravitational interactions between galaxies happens in the W-NW core region of the cluster, where most of the bright early-type galaxies are located and where the intra-cluster baryons (diffuse light and GCs) are found. We suggest that the W-NW sub-clump of galaxies results from an infalling group onto the cluster, which has modified the structure of the galaxy outskirts (making asymmetric stellar halos) and has produced the intra-cluster baryons (ICL and GCs), concentrated in this region of the cluster.

Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. High-resolution version of paper is available at the following link: https://www.dropbox.com/s/ybe4tg2hbqayteh/FDS_V.ETGs.pdf?dl=0

References in corpus (40)

• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• The hierarchical formation of the brightest cluster galaxies
• Strangulation as the primary mechanism for shutting down star formation in galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: instrument specification and target selection
• The Atlas3D project -- XXIX. The new look of early-type galaxies and surrounding fields disclosed by extremely deep optical images
• BUDHIES II: A phase-space view of HI gas stripping and star-formation quenching in cluster galaxies
• The Outer Disks of Early-Type Galaxies. I. Surface-Brightness Profiles of Barred Galaxies
• The Burrell Schmidt Deep Virgo Survey: Tidal Debris, Galaxy Halos, and Diffuse Intracluster Light in the Virgo Cluster
• The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. I. Introduction to the Survey and Data Reduction Procedures
• Intracluster light and the extended stellar envelopes of cD galaxies: An analytical description
• The fate of spiral galaxies in clusters: the star formation history of the anemic Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4569
• The Dragonfly Nearby Galaxies Survey. I. Substantial variation in the diffuse stellar halos around spiral galaxies
• Large-scale study of the NGC 1399 globular cluster system in Fornax
• The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS): II. The Central Dwarf Galaxy Population
• The Preferential Tidal Stripping of Dark Matter versus Stars in Galaxies
• The Near-infrared S0 Survey III: Morphology of 15 Southern Early-type Disk Galaxies
• The Fornax 3D project: unveiling the thick disk origin in FCC 170: signs of accretion?
• The ALMA Fornax Cluster Survey I: stirring and stripping of the molecular gas in cluster galaxies
• Physical properties of SDSS satellite galaxies in projected phase-space
• The Fornax3D project: overall goals, galaxy sample, MUSE data analysis and initial results
• The Physical Origins of The Morphology-Density Relation: Evidence for Gas Stripping from the SDSS
• Distribution of Slow and Fast Rotators in the Fornax Cluster
• The information content of stellar halos: Stellar population gradients and accretion histories in early-type Illustris galaxies
• A numerical study of interactions and stellar bars
• On the occurrence of galaxy harassment
• Morphological Fractions of Galaxies in WINGS Clusters: revisiting the Morphology-Density Paradigm
• Intra-cluster patches of baryons in the core of the Fornax cluster
• VEGAS-SSS II: Comparing the globular cluster systems in NGC3115 and NGC1399 using VEGAS and FDS survey data
• J-PLUS: analysis of the intracluster light in the Coma cluster
• Midlife Crises in Dwarf Galaxies in the NGC 5353/4 Group
• S0 galaxies in Fornax: data and kinematics
• Gas sloshing regulates and records the evolution of the Fornax Cluster
• The Recent Growth History of the Fornax Cluster Derived from Simultaneous Sloshing and Gas Stripping: Simulating the Infall of NGC 1404
• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey. I - VIMOS spectroscopy of compact stellar systems in the Fornax core region
• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey II - Planetary Nebulae kinematics within 200 kpc of the cluster core
• Intra Cluster Globular Clusters around NGC 1399 in Fornax?
• The Active Assembly of the Virgo Cluster: Indications for Recent Group Infall From Early-Type Dwarf Galaxies
• Distribution of star formation rates during the rapid assembly of NGC 1399 as deduced from its globular cluster system
• Deep spectroscopy of nearby galaxy clusters: IV The quench of the star formation in galaxies in the infall region of Abell\ 85
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST: III. Low Surface Brightness (LSB) dwarfs and Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) in the center of the Fornax cluster

Cited by in corpus (53)

• The Fornax 3D project: unveiling the thick disk origin in FCC 170: signs of accretion?
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• Structure of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light
• Preparing for low surface brightness science with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory: characterisation of tidal features from mock images
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. VIII. Connecting the accretion history with the cluster density
• Diversity of nuclear star cluster formation mechanisms revealed by their star formation histories
• The Fornax3D project: Tracing the assembly history of the cluster from the kinematic and line-strength maps
• The Fornax 3D project: a two-dimensional view of the stellar initial mass function in the massive lenticular galaxy FCC 167
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST XI. The search for signs of preprocessing between the Fornax main cluster and Fornax A group
• A blind ATCA HI survey of the Fornax galaxy cluster: properties of the HI detections
• The first detection of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Hydra I cluster from VEGAS survey
• The Fornax 3D project: Thick disks in a cluster environment
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IX. The catalog of sources in the FDS area, with an example study for globular clusters and background galaxies
• Early Science from POSSUM: Shocks, turbulence, and a massive new reservoir of ionised gas in the Fornax cluster
• A spectroscopic census of the Fornax cluster and beyond: preparing for next generation surveys
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. VII. Evolution and Structure of Late Type Galaxies inside the Virial Radius of the Fornax Cluster
• The Fornax3D project: Assembly histories of lenticular galaxies from a combined dynamical and population orbital analysis
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. X. The assembly history of the bright galaxies and intra-group light in the Fornax A subgroup
• VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey.VI. The diffuse light in HCG 86 from the ultra-deep VEGAS images
• VEGAS: VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey. V. IC 1459 group: Mass assembly history in low density environments
• Optimising and comparing source extraction tools using objective segmentation quality criteria
• Reaching for the Edge I: Probing the Outskirts of Massive Galaxies with HSC, DECaLS, SDSS, and Dragonfly
• The Fornax3D project: discovery of ancient massive merger events in the Fornax cluster galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 1427
• VEGAS: a VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey. IV. NGC 1533, IC 2038 and IC 2039: an interacting triplet in the Dorado group
• CO($J$=1-0) mapping survey of 64 galaxies in the Fornax cluster with the ALMA Morita array
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey II. The rapid removal of HI from dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• The SAMI-Fornax Dwarfs Survey III: Evolution of [$\alpha$/Fe] in dwarfs, from Galaxy Clusters to the Local Group
• Multi-resolution filtering: an empirical method for isolating faint, extended emission in Dragonfly data and other low resolution images
• The outermost stellar halo of NGC 5128 (Centaurus A): Radial structure
• The SAMI -- Fornax Dwarfs Survey II: The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane and the Dark Matter fraction of Dwarf Galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies
• Fornax 3D project: automated detection of planetary nebulae in the centres of early-type galaxies and first results
• Formation of an ultra-diffuse galaxy in the stellar filaments of NGC3314A: caught in act?
• The Fornax3D project: The assembly history of massive early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster from deep imaging and integral field spectroscopy
• The impact of environment on size: Galaxies are 50% smaller in the Fornax Cluster compared to the field
• Estimating stellar population and emission line properties in S-PLUS galaxies
• A possible signature of the influence of tidal perturbations in dwarf galaxy scaling relations
• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey IV -- Cold kinematical substructures in the Fornax core from COSTA
• AlFoCS + F3D II: unexpectedly low gas-to-dust ratios in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• The truncation of the disk of NGC 4565: Detected up to z=4 kpc, with star formation, and affected by the warp
• Spatial Structures in the Globular Cluster Distribution of Fornax Cluster Galaxies
• Properties of intra-cluster low-mass X-ray binaries in Fornax globular clusters
• The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$\alpha$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir
• The fragility of thin discs in galaxies -- II. Thin discs as tracers of the assembly history of galaxies
• Asymmetry at Low Surface Brightness as an Indicator of Environmental Processes in the Fornax Cluster
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey -- I. Survey description and first evidence of ram pressure in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• Towards Precision Cosmology With Improved PNLF Distances Using VLT-MUSE. III. Impact of Stellar Populations in Early-Type Galaxy
• The Fornax3D project: Planetary nebulae catalogue and independent distance measurements to Fornax cluster galaxies
• Photometric properties of nuclear star clusters and their host galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• Stellar halos of bright central galaxies II: Scaling relations, colors and metallicity evolution with redshift
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST: III. Low Surface Brightness (LSB) dwarfs and Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) in the center of the Fornax cluster
• Using the EAGLE simulations to elucidate the origin of disc surface brightness profile breaks as a function of mass and environment
• Fornax 3D project: assessing the diversity of IMF and stellar population maps within the Fornax Cluster