The SAURON project. II. Sample and early results

Abstract

Early results are reported from the SAURON survey of the kinematics and stellar populations of a representative sample of nearby E, S0 and Sa galaxies. The survey is aimed at determining the intrinsic shape of the galaxies, their orbital structure, the mass-to-light ratio as a function of radius, the age and metallicity of the stellar populations, and the frequency of kinematically decoupled cores and nuclear black holes. The construction of the representative sample is described, and its properties are illustrated. A comparison with long-slit spectroscopic data establishes that the SAURON measurements are comparable to, or better than, the highest-quality determinations. Comparisons are presented for NGC 3384 and NGC 4365 where stellar velocities and velocity dispersions are determined to a precision of 6 km/s, and the h3 and h4 parameters of the line-of-sight velocity distribution to a precision of better than 0.02. Extraction of accurate gas emission-line intensities, velocities and line widths from the datacubes is illustrated for NGC 5813. Comparisons with published line-strengths for NGC 3384 and NGC 5813 reveal uncertainties of < 0.1 A on the measurements of the Hbeta, Mgb and Fe5270 indices. Integral-field mapping uniquely connects measurements of the kinematics and stellar populations to the galaxy morphology. The maps presented here illustrate the rich stellar kinematics, gaseous kinematics, and line-strength distributions of early-type galaxies. The results include the discovery of a thin, edge-on, disk in NGC 3623, confirm the axisymmetric shape of the central region of M32, illustrate the LINER nucleus and surrounding counter-rotating star-forming ring in NGC 7742, and suggest a uniform stellar population in the decoupled core galaxy NGC 5813.

20 pages, 17 figures. To be published in MNRAS. Version with full resolution images available at http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~dynamics/Instruments/Sauron/pub_list.html

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• Dissolved Massive Metal-Rich Globular Clusters Can Cause the Range of UV Upturn Strengths Found among Early-type Galaxies
• A 60 pc counter-rotating core in NGC 4621
• Spatial field reconstruction with INLA: Application to IFU galaxy data
• The MASSIVE Survey XIV -- Stellar Velocity Profiles and Kinematic Misalignments from 200 pc to 20 kpc in Massive Early-type Galaxies
• The Leo Triplet: Common origin or late encounter?
• Crash-testing the CAULDRON code for joint lensing and dynamics analysis of early-type galaxies
• The Planetary Nebulae Population in the Nuclear Regions of M31: the SAURON view
• Variation of Bar Strength with Central Velocity Dispersion in Spiral Galaxies
• GMOS IFU observations of the stellar and gaseous kinematics in the centre of NGC 1068
• Dust and Ionized Gas Association in E/S0 Galaxies with Dust Lanes: Clues to their Origin
• The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies
• Characterising Tidal Features Around Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations
• The low dark matter content of the lenticular galaxy NGC 3998
• Compact Molecular Gas Distribution in Quasar Host Galaxies
• The star formation histories of early-type galaxies: insights from the rest-frame ultra-violet
• HI observations of the MATLAS dwarf and ultra-diffuse galaxies
• A unified scenario for the origin of spiral and elliptical galaxy structural scaling laws
• The ALHAMBRA survey: 2-D analysis of the stellar populations in massive early-type galaxies at z < 0.3
• Self-consistent bulge/disk/halo galaxy dynamical modeling using integral field kinematics
• The Planetary Nebulae Population in the Central Regions of M32: the SAURON view
• Warp or lag? The ionized and neutral hydrogen gas in the edge-on dwarf galaxy UGC 1281
• Stellar kinematics in the nuclear regions of nearby LIRGs with VLT-SINFONI. Comparison with gas phases and implications for dynamical mass estimations
• The contribution of rotational velocity to the FP of elliptical galaxies
• The SLUGGS Survey: Trails of SLUGGS galaxies in a modified spin-ellipticity diagram
• A Study of Central Galaxy Rotation with Stellar Mass and Environment
• A discrete chemo-dynamical model of M87's globular clusters: Kinematics extending to ~ 400 kpc
• Mapping the dark matter halo of early-type galaxy NGC 2974 through orbit-based models with combined stellar and cold gas kinematics
• The SAURON project-XXI. The spatially-resolved UV-line strength relations of early-type galaxies
• OASIS High-Resolution Integral Field Spectroscopy of the SAURON Ellipticals and Lenticulars
• A Precise Benchmark for Cluster Scaling Relations: Fundamental Plane, Mass Plane and IMF in the Coma Cluster from Dynamical Models
• GALFIT-CORSAIR: implementing the core-Sersic model into GALFIT
• The size of BLRs of low luminous Active Galactic Nuclei
• Morphology and kinematics of the ionised gas in early-type galaxies
• Signatures of recent star formation in ring S0 galaxies
• Extragalactic Globular Clusters in the Near-Infrared: V. IC 4051 and NGC 3311
• Surface Brightness and Intrinsic Luminosity of Ellipticals
• Remnants of recent mergers in nearby early-type galaxies and their classification
• The bar rotation rate as a diagnostic of dark matter content in the centre of disc galaxies
• Lopsidedness of self-consistent galaxies by the external field effect of clusters
• On the origin and fate of ionised-gas in early-type galaxies: the SAURON perspective
• Three Dimensional Optimal Spectral Extraction (TDOSE) from Integral Field Spectroscopy
• The origin of star-gas misalignments in simulated galaxies
• Galaxies with kinematically distinct cores in Illustris
• Revealing the formation mechanism of the shell galaxy NGC474 with MUSE
• Tracing the evolution of nearby early-type galaxies in low density environments. The Ultraviolet view from GALEX
• Ellipticals at z=0 from Self-Consistent Hydrodynamical Simulations: Clues on Age Effects in their Stellar Populations
• Nuclear discs as clocks for the assembly history of early-type galaxies: the case of NGC4458
• IFU spectroscopy of 10 early-type galactic nuclei - IV. Properties of the circumnuclear stellar kinematics
• Modeling Nearly Spherical Pure-Bulge Galaxies with a Stellar Mass-to-Light Ratio Gradient under the $\Lambda$CDM and MOND Paradigms: II. The Orbital Anisotropy of Slow Rotators within the Effective Radius
• Stellar kinematics using a third integral of motion: method and application on the Andromeda galaxy
• Unravelling the Origin of the Counter-Rotating Core in IC 1459 with KMOS and MUSE
• Spatially resolved properties of the grand-design spiral galaxy UGC 9837: a case for high-redshift 2D observations
• Early-type galaxies at intermediate redshift observed with HST WFC3: perspectives on recent star-formation
• Stellar velocity dispersion and initial mass function gradients in dissipationless galaxy mergers
• On the distribution of galaxy ellipticity in clusters
• Orthogonal vertical velocity dispersion distributions produced by bars
• A SAURON look at galaxy bulges
• MUSE observations of the counter-rotating nuclear ring in NGC 7742
• Evidence of a distinct stellar population in the counter-rotating core of NGC 1700
• The DIVING${}^{3D}$ Survey -- Deep IFS View of Nuclei of Galaxies -- I. Definition and Sample Presentation
• The UV window on counter rotating ETGs: insight from SPH simulations with chemo-photometric implementation
• What Hubble really meant by late and early type: simply more or less complex in appearance
• The kinematic bimodality: Efficient feedback and cold gas deficiency in slow-rotating galaxies
• Forward modeling of galaxy kinematics in slitless spectroscopy
• Infrared-detected AGNs in the Local Universe
• Velocity Dispersion ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{aper}}$ Aperture Corrections as a Function of Galaxy Properties from Integral-field Stellar Kinematics of 10,000 MaNGA Galaxies
• Stellar nuclei and inner polar disks in lenticular galaxies
• Universal bimodality in kinematic morphology and the divergent pathways to galaxy quenching
• Supermassive black holes from OASIS and SAURON integral-field kinematics
• 3D Studies of Neutral and Ionised Gas and Stars in Seyfert and Inactive Galaxies
• The metallicity and elemental abundance maps of kinematically atypical galaxies for constraining minor merger and accretion histories
• An Oxford SWIFT Integral Field Spectroscopy study of 14 early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster
• Co-evolution of Nuclear Rings, Bars and the Central Intensity Ratio of their Host Galaxies
• Scalable N-body code for the modelling of early-type galaxies
• Nuclear Star Clusters and Bulges
• MEGADES: MEGARA Galaxy Discs Evolution Survey. Data Release I: central fields
• How to recover both velocity components in discs of barred galaxies with integral-field spectroscopy
• Deciphering the Origin of Ionized Gas in IC 1459 with VLT/MUSE
• Star Formation History at the Centers of Lenticular Galaxies with Bars and Purely Exponential Outer Disks from SAURON Data
• The tidal filament of NGC 4660
• Mid-IR Enhanced Galaxies in the Coma & Virgo Cluster: lenticulars with a high star formation rate
• Euclid preparation. Spatially resolved stellar populations of local galaxies with Euclid: a proof of concept using synthetic images with the TNG50 simulation
• The Stellar Kinematics of Extragalactic Bulges
• Distance Measurements and Stellar Population Properties via Surface Brightness Fluctuations
• IFUs surveys, a panoramic view of galaxy evolution
• MaNGA DynPop. VII. A Unified Bulge-Disk-Halo Model for Explaining Diversity in Circular Velocity Curves of 6000 Spiral and Early-Type Galaxies
• Constraints on Galaxy Structure and Evolution from the Light of Nearby Systems
• Observational dynamics of low-mass stellar systems
• Ionized gas kinematics of massive elliptical galaxies in CALIFA and in cosmological zoom-in simulations
• Physical properties of circumnuclear ionising clusters. I. NGC 7742
• Elliptical galaxies: rotationally distorted, after all
• Reorientation Rates of Structural and Kinematic Axes in Simulated Massive Galaxies and the Origins of Prolate Rotation
• An early-type galaxy with an inner star-forming disk
• The emission-line regions in the nucleus of NGC 1313 probed with GMOS-IFU: a supergiant/hypergiant candidate and a kinematically cold nucleus
• Observational biases on rotation curves from IFU data at cosmic noon
• Neutral hydrogen in radio galaxies: results from nearby, importance for far away
• Revisiting the Dichotomy of Early-type Galaxies
• The Study of Nebular Emission on Nearby Spiral Galaxies in the IFU Era
• SAURON observations of Sa bulges: the formation of a kinematically decoupled core in NGC5953
• The Mitchell Spectrograph: Studying Nearby Galaxies with the VIRUS Prototype
• Potential Science for the OASIS Integral Field Spectrograph with Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
• Toward a detailed view on the kinematics of intermediate luminosity early-type galaxies no dark matter candidates
• Properties of Interstellar Medium in the S0 Galaxy NGC 1222: Evidence for Shocked-enhanced Line Emission
• Two-dimensional Kinematics of a Bar and Central Disk in NGC5448
• The catalogue of virtual early-type galaxies from IllustrisTNG: validation and real observation consistency
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Stellar rotational support in disk galaxies vs. central surface density and stellar population age
• Molecular Gas and Star Formation in Local Early-Type Galaxies
• The kinematics of Core and Cusp galaxies: comparing HST imaging and integral-field observations
• Physical properties of circumnuclear ionising clusters. III. Kinematics of gas and stars in NGC 7742
• Stellar Abundances at the Center of Early Type Galaxies with Fine Structure
• A SAURON study of stars and gas in Sa bulges
• The Nature of Galactic Bulges from SAURON Absorption Line Strength Maps
• The stellar populations of E and S0 galaxies as seen with SAURON
• Fast and Slow Rotators: The build-up of the Red Sequence
• Disk Growth in Bulge-Dominated Galaxies: Molecular Gas and Morphological Evolution
• Spiral Galaxies in the SAURON Survey
• Bar-driven fueling of galactic nuclei: a 2D view
• The Kinematic Morphology-Density Relation from the SAMI Pilot Survey
• The dynamical lineage of ultra-diffuse galaxies from TNG50-1