The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey IV -- Cold kinematical substructures in the Fornax core from COSTA

Abstract

The COld STream finder Algorithm (COSTA) is a novel algorithm to find streams in the phase space of planetary nebulae (PNe) and globular cluster (GCs) populations. COSTA isolates groups of particles with small velocity dispersion, using an iterative sigma-clipping over a defined number of neighbor particles. We have applied COSTA to a catalog of about 2000 PNe and GCs from the Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey (FVSS), within 200 kpc from the cluster core, to detect cold substructures and characterize their kinematics. We have found 13 cold substructures, with velocity dispersion ranging from 20 to 100 kms^{-1}, which are likely associated either to large galaxies or to ultra-compact dwarf (UCD) galaxies in the Fornax core. These streams show a clear correlation of their luminosity with the internal velocity dispersion, and their surface brightness with size and distance from the cluster center that are compatible with dissipative processes producing them. However, we cannot exclude that some of these substructures have formed by violent relaxation of massive satellites finally merged into the central galaxy. Among these substructures we have: a stream connecting NGC1387 to the central galaxy, NGC1399, previously reported in literature; a new giant stream produced by the interaction of NGC1382 with NGC1380 and possibly NGC1381; a series of streams kinematically connected to nearby ultra compact dwarf galaxies; clumps of tracers with no clear kinematical association to close cluster members. We show evidence for a variety of cold substructure predicted in simulations. Most of the streams are kinematically connected to UCDs, supporting the scenario that they can be remnants of disrupted dwarf systems. [abridged]

arXiv comment27 Pages, 15 Figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

References in corpus (96)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• Introducing the Illustris Project: the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time
• Tracing Galaxy Formation with Stellar Halos I: Methods
• Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation
• The 2MASS Redshift Survey - Description and Data Release
• A Method for Measuring (Slopes of) the Mass Profiles of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
• Galactic stellar haloes in the CDM model
• The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. V. Measurement and Recalibration of Surface Brightness Fluctuations and a Precise Value of the Fornax--Virgo Relative Distance
• Stellar Tidal Streams in Spiral Galaxies of the Local Volume: A Pilot Survey with Modest Aperture Telescopes
• Diffuse Light in the Virgo Cluster
• The Importance of Mergers for the Origin of Intracluster Stars in Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters
• The central region of the Fornax cluster -- II. Spectroscopy and radial velocities of member and background galaxies
• Kinematic properties of early-type galaxy haloes using planetary nebulae
• Galactic accretion and the outer structure of galaxies in the CDM model
• Dynamics of the Globular Cluster System Associated with M49 (NGC4472): Cluster Orbital Properties and the Distribution of Dark Matter
• The globular cluster system of NGC 1399 V. dynamics of the cluster system out to 80 kpc
• Unveiling a Rich System of Faint Dwarf Galaxies in the Next Generation Fornax Survey
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. I. The extended and diffuse stellar halo of NGC~1399 out to 192 kpc
• Building Late-Type Spiral Galaxies by In-Situ and Ex-Situ Star Formation
• The SLUGGS Survey: Kinematics for over 2500 Globular Clusters in Twelve Early-type Galaxies
• The Nature of UCDs: Internal Dynamics from an Expanded Sample and Homogeneous Database
• Formation of In Situ Stellar Haloes in Milky Way-Mass Galaxies
• Redshift-Distance Survey of Early-Type Galaxies: Spectroscopic Data
• The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: the dark matter in NGC 4494
• Ultra compact dwarf galaxy formation by tidal stripping of nucleated dwarf galaxies
• Intracluster light: a luminous tracer for dark matter in clusters of galaxies
• Deep ROSAT-HRI observations of the NGC 1399/NGC 1404 region: morphology and structure of the X-ray halo
• Dearth of dark matter or massive dark halo? Mass-shape-anisotropy degeneracies revealed by NMAGIC dynamical models of the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379
• The evolution and star formation of dwarf galaxies in the Fornax Cluster
• The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS): II. The Central Dwarf Galaxy Population
• Intracluster Planetary Nebulae in the Virgo Cluster III: Luminosity of the Intracluster Light and Tests of the Spatial Distribution
• Tidal Streams of Intracluster Light
• The ongoing assembly of a central cluster galaxy: Phase-space substructures in the halo of M87
• The line-of-sight velocity distributions of intracluster planetary nebulae in the Virgo cluster core
• Dynamical masses of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in Fornax
• Evidence for Two Phases of Galaxy Formation from Radial Trends in the Globular Cluster System of NGC 1407
• Fornax compact object survey FCOS: On the nature of Ultra Compact Dwarf galaxies
• The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: Data Reduction, Planetary Nebula Catalog, and Basic Dynamics for NGC 3379
• Narrow band imaging in [OIII] and Halpha to search for ICPNe in the Virgo cluster
• The Atlas-3D project - IX. The merger origin of a fast and a slow rotating Early-Type Galaxy revealed with deep optical imaging: first results
• Mapping the Dark Side with DEIMOS: Globular Clusters, X-ray Gas, and Dark Matter in the NGC 1407 Group
• Intracluster stellar population properties from N-body cosmological simulations -- I. Constraints at $z=0$
• Structural Properties of Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo Clusters
• Intracluster stars in the Virgo cluster core
• VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey. II. Photometric study of giant ellipticals and their stellar halos
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• The Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function of M87 and the Intracluster Stars of Virgo
• A tale of two tails and an off-centered envelope: diffuse light around the cD galaxy NGC 3311 in the Hydra I cluster
• The SAURON Project - XIX. Optical and near-infrared scaling relations of nearby elliptical, lenticular and Sa galaxies
• The build-up of the cD halo of M87 - evidence for accretion in the last Gyr
• A 3.5-million Solar Masses Black Hole in the Centre of the Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy Fornax UCD3
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. VIII. Connecting the accretion history with the cluster density
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. V. Exploring the faintest regions of the bright early-type galaxies inside the virial radius
• Kinematics and simulations of the stellar stream in the halo of the Umbrella Galaxy
• Dynamical evolution of globular cluster systems in clusters of galaxies I. The case of NGC 1404 in the Fornax cluster
• Tracing the Star Stream Through M31 Using Planetary Nebula Kinematics
• The extended Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (ePN.S) early-type galaxy survey. The kinematic diversity of stellar halos and the relation between halo transition scale and stellar mass
• The Extended Spatial Distribution of Globular Clusters in the Core of the Fornax Cluster
• Signatures of accretion events in the halos of early-type galaxies from comparing PNe and GCs kinematics
• The early-type dwarf galaxy population of the Fornax cluster
• The stellar halos of ETGs in the IllustrisTNG simulations: the photometric and kinematic diversity of galaxies at large radii
• Intra-cluster patches of baryons in the core of the Fornax cluster
• The SLUGGS Survey: Breaking degeneracies between dark matter, anisotropy and the IMF using globular cluster subpopulations in the giant elliptical NGC 5846
• The stellar halos of ETGs in the IllustrisTNG simulations: II. Accretion, merger history, and dark halo connection
• The Distribution of Ultra-Diffuse and Ultra-Compact Galaxies in the Frontier Fields
• Gas sloshing regulates and records the evolution of the Fornax Cluster
• Globular clusters and dwarf galaxies in Fornax - I. Kinematics in the cluster core from multi-object spectroscopy
• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey. I - VIMOS spectroscopy of compact stellar systems in the Fornax core region
• Globular cluster candidates within the Fornax Cluster: intracluster globulars?
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. IX. The catalog of sources in the FDS area, with an example study for globular clusters and background galaxies
• VEGAS: A VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey. III. Mapping the galaxy structure, interactions and intragroup light in the NGC 5018 group
• Compact Stellar Systems around NGC 1399
• Unravelling the origins of S0 galaxies using maximum likelihood analysis of planetary nebulae kinematics
• Narrow band survey for intragroup light in the Leo HI cloud. Constraints on the galaxy background contamination in imaging surveys for intracluster planetary nebulae
• The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS): III. Revealing the Spatial Substructure of the Dwarf Galaxy Population inside half of Fornax's Virial Radius
• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey II - Planetary Nebulae kinematics within 200 kpc of the cluster core
• A spectroscopic census of the Fornax cluster and beyond: preparing for next generation surveys
• Kinematics of Planetary Nebulae in M51's Tidal Debris
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. VII. Evolution and Structure of Late Type Galaxies inside the Virial Radius of the Fornax Cluster
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. X. The assembly history of the bright galaxies and intra-group light in the Fornax A subgroup
• The kinematics of the outer halo of M87 as mapped by planetary nebulae
• Planetary nebulae as mass tracers of their parent galaxies: biases in the estimate of the kinematical quantities
• NGC 1399: a complex dynamical case
• Three dynamically distinct stellar populations in the halo of M49
• The Hydra I cluster core - II. Kinematic complexity in a rising velocity dispersion profile around the cD galaxy NGC 3311
• Compact stellar systems and cluster environments
• Ultra compact dwarfs in the Perseus Cluster: UCD formation via tidal stripping
• Dwarf Galaxies in the Coma Cluster: I. Velocity Dispersion Measurements
• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey III -- Kinematical characterisation of globular clusters across the Fornax galaxy cluster
• Ultra-compact dwarfs beyond the centre of the Fornax galaxy cluster: Hints of UCD formation in low-density environments
• Optical and near-infrared velocity dispersions of early-type galaxies
• Possible Subgroups of Globular Clusters and Planetary Nebulae in NGC 5128
• Galaxy kinematics from counter-dispersed imaging
• The kinematics of globular clusters systems in the outer halos of the Aquarius simulations
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST: III. Low Surface Brightness (LSB) dwarfs and Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDGs) in the center of the Fornax cluster

Cited by in corpus (7)

• The Fornax Cluster VLT Spectroscopic Survey III -- Kinematical characterisation of globular clusters across the Fornax galaxy cluster
• Kinematics of the diffuse intragroup and intracluster light in groups and clusters of galaxies in the Local Universe within 100 Mpc distance
• The SAMI -- Fornax Dwarfs Survey II: The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane and the Dark Matter fraction of Dwarf Galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: The assembly history of massive early-type galaxies in the Fornax cluster from deep imaging and integral field spectroscopy
• Multi-wavelength observations of the Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2023fhn
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: View of the Fornax galaxy cluster
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XL. The Morphological Classification of Virgo Cluster Galaxies