A blind ATCA HI survey of the Fornax galaxy cluster: properties of the HI detections

Abstract

We present the first interferometric blind HI survey of the Fornax galaxy cluster, which covers an area of 15 deg${}^2$ out to the cluster $R_{vir}$. The survey has a resolution of 67''x95'' and 6.6 km$s^{-1}$ with a 3$\sigma$ sensitivity of N(HI)~2x10${}^{19}$ cm${}^{-2}$ and MHI 2x10${}^7$ M${}_{\odot }$. We detect 16 galaxies out of 200 spectroscopically confirmed Fornax cluster members. The detections cover ~3 orders of magnitude in HI mass, from 8x10${}^6$ to 1.5x10${}^{10}$ M${}_{\odot }$. They avoid the central, virialised region of the cluster both on the sky and in projected phase-space, showing that they are recent arrivals and that, in Fornax, HI is lost within a crossing time, ~2 Gyr. Half of these galaxies exhibit a disturbed HI morphology, including several cases of asymmetries, tails, offsets between HI and optical centres, and a case of a truncated HI disc suggesting that they have been interacting within or on their way to Fornax. Our HI detections are HI-poorer and form stars at a lower rate than non-cluster galaxies in the same $M_{\star }$ range. Low mass galaxies are more strongly affected throughout their infall towards the cluster. The MHI/$M_{\star }$ ratio of Fornax galaxies is comparable to that in the Virgo cluster. At fixed $M_{\star }$, our HI detections follow the non-cluster relation between MHI and the star formation rate, and we argue that this implies that so far they have lost their HI on a timescale $\gtrsim$1-2 Gyr. Deeper inside the cluster HI removal is likely to proceed faster, as confirmed by a population of HI-undetected but H${}_2$-detected star-forming galaxies. Based on ALMA data, we find a large scatter in H${}_2$-to-HI mass ratio, with several galaxies showing an unusually high ratio that is probably caused by faster HI removal. We identify an HI-rich subgroup of possible interacting galaxies dominated by NGC 1365, where pre-processing is likey to have taken place.

References in corpus (17)

• A z=0 Multi-wavelength Galaxy Synthesis I: A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies
• SoFiA: a flexible source finder for 3D spectral line data
• BUDHIES II: A phase-space view of HI gas stripping and star-formation quenching in cluster galaxies
• The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. I. Introduction to the Survey and Data Reduction Procedures
• Variation of galactic cold gas reservoirs with stellar mass
• The WISE Extended Source Catalogue (WXSC) I: The 100 Largest Galaxies
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. VIII. Connecting the accretion history with the cluster density
• The Fornax3D project: Tracing the assembly history of the cluster from the kinematic and line-strength maps
• The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VST XI. The search for signs of preprocessing between the Fornax main cluster and Fornax A group
• Characterization of ICM Temperature Distributions of 62 Galaxy Clusters with XMM-Newton
• Powerful outflows in the central parsecs of the low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 1386
• The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies XIII. The HI content of an almost "nurture free" sample
• A spectroscopic census of the Fornax cluster and beyond: preparing for next generation surveys
• GASS 3505: the prototype of HI-excess, passive galaxies
• Young stellar populations in early-type dwarf galaxies; occurrence, radial extent and scaling relations
• Tidal origin of NGC 1427A in the Fornax cluster

Cited by in corpus (38)

• Ram Pressure Stripping in High-Density Environments
• The distribution and morphologies of Fornax Cluster dwarf galaxies suggest they lack dark matter
• VERTICO II: effects of HI-identified environmental mechanisms on molecular gas
• PHANGS-JWST First Results: Rapid Evolution of Star Formation in the Central Molecular Gas Ring of NGC1365
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI gas disc truncation and star formation of galaxies falling into the Hydra I cluster
• A New Method to Constrain the Appearance and Disappearance of Observed Jellyfish Galaxy Tails
• VERTICO III: The Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in Virgo cluster galaxies
• CO($J$=1-0) mapping survey of 64 galaxies in the Fornax cluster with the ALMA Morita array
• The Westerbork Coma Survey: A blind, deep, high-resolution HI survey of the Coma cluster
• VERTICO IV: Environmental Effects on the Gas Distribution and Star Formation Efficiency of Virgo Cluster Spirals
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey II. The rapid removal of HI from dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• NGC 3314a/b and NGC 3312: Ram pressure stripping in Hydra I Cluster substructure
• The SAMI -- Fornax Dwarfs Survey II: The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane and the Dark Matter fraction of Dwarf Galaxies
• Bulge formation inside quiescent lopsided stellar disks: connecting accretion, star formation and morphological transformation in a z ~ 3 galaxy group
• Constraining the duration of ram pressure stripping features in the optical from the direction of jellyfish galaxy tails
• VERTICO V: The environmentally driven evolution of the inner cold gas discs of Virgo cluster galaxies
• 3D modeling of the molecular gas kinematics in optically-selected jellyfish galaxies
• The impact of environment on size: Galaxies are 50% smaller in the Fornax Cluster compared to the field
• FAST-ASKAP Synergy: Quantifying Coexistent Tidal and Ram Pressure Strippings in the NGC 4636 Group
• AlFoCS + F3D II: unexpectedly low gas-to-dust ratios in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• NGC 1436: the making of a lenticular galaxy in the Fornax cluster
• GASP XXXIX: MeerKAT hunts Jellyfish in A2626
• VERTICO VI: Cold-gas asymmetries in Virgo cluster galaxies
• The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies - V. The cold atomic gas of NGC 3100 and its group
• A negative stellar mass$-$gaseous metallicity gradient relation of dwarf galaxies modulated by stellar feedback
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: View of the Fornax galaxy cluster
• An HI story of galaxies in Abell 2626 and beyond
• The Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey (AGES) XI: the expanded Abell 1367 field. Data catalogue and HI census over the surveyed volume
• Diving into dangerous tides: The impact of galaxy cluster tidal environments on satellite galaxy mass densities
• The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H$\alpha$+[NII] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching $\sim$4 Rvir
• Detecting Intermediate-Mass Black Holes out to 20 Mpc with ELT/HARMONI: The Case of FCC 119
• iDaVIE v1.0: A virtual reality tool for interactive analysis of astronomical data cubes
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey VI. The collapse of the galaxy HI Mass Function in Fornax
• MeerKAT 21-cm HI imaging of Abell 2626 and beyond
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey -- I. Survey description and first evidence of ram pressure in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• CHILES X: Molecular and atomic gas at intermediate redshift
• HI Content of Group Galaxies from the FAST All Sky HI Survey
• Brought to Light III: Colors of Disk and Clump Substructures in Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies of the Fornax Cluster