Triaxial orbit based galaxy models with an application to the (apparent) decoupled core galaxy NGC 4365

Abstract

We present a flexible and efficient method to construct triaxial dynamical models of galaxies with a central black hole, using Schwarzschild's orbital superposition approach. Our method is general and can deal with realistic luminosity distributions, which project to surface brightness distributions that may show position angle twists and ellipticity variations. The models are fit to measurements of the full line-of-sight velocity distribution (wherever available). We verify that our method is able to reproduce theoretical predictions of a three-integral triaxial Abel model. In a companion paper (van de Ven, de Zeeuw & van den Bosch), we demonstrate that the method recovers the phase-space distribution function. We apply our method to two-dimensional observations of the E3 galaxy NGC 4365, obtained with the integral-field spectrograph SAURON, and study its internal structure, showing that the observed kinematically decoupled core is not physically distinct from the main body and the inner region is close to oblate axisymmetric.

21 Pages, 14 (Colour) Figures, Companion paper is arXiv:0712.0309 Accepted to MNRAS. Full resolution version at http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~bosch/papers/RvdBosch_triaxmethod.pdf

References in corpus (49)

• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• MILES: A Medium resolution INT Library of Empirical Spectra
• Adaptive spatial binning of integral-field spectroscopic data using Voronoi tessellations
• Concentrations of Dark Halos from their Assembly Histories
• The SAURON project - IV. The mass-to-light ratio, the virial mass estimator and the fundamental plane of elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• The SAURON project. I. The panoramic integral-field spectrograph
• The SAURON project -- X. The orbital anisotropy of elliptical and lenticular galaxies: revisiting the (V/sigma,epsilon) diagram with integral-field stellar kinematics
• Efficient Multi-Gaussian Expansion of galaxies
• Dynamical family properties and dark halo scaling relations of giant elliptical galaxies
• The SAURON project - III. Integral-field absorption-line kinematics of 48 elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• Dark Halo and Disk Galaxy Scaling Laws in Hierarchical Universes
• Axisymmetric Dynamical Models of the Central Regions of Galaxies
• Dynamical Modeling of Velocity Profiles: The Dark Halo Around the Elliptical Galaxy NGC2434
• The dynamical distance and intrinsic structure of the globular cluster omega Centauri
• Spiral arms, bar shape and bulge microlensing in the Milky Way
• Improved evidence for a black hole in M32 from HST/FOS spectra - II. Axisymmetric dynamical models
• The counterrotating core and the black hole mass of IC1459
• The Properties of Poor Groups of Galaxies: III. The Galaxy Luminosity Function
• Triaxial Galaxies with Cusps
• Difficulties with Recovering The Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data
• A SAURON study of M32: measuring the intrinsic flattening and the central black hole mass
• A Self-Consistent Dynamical Model for the COBE Detected Galactic Bar
• The Low End of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Constraining the Mass of a Nuclear Black Hole in NGC 205 via Stellar Kinematics
• Axisymmetric Three-Integral Models for Galaxies
• Mapping stationary axisymmetric phase-space distribution functions by orbit libraries
• The dynamical M/L-profile and distance of the globular cluster M15
• Regular and Chaotic Dynamics of Triaxial Stellar Systems
• Galaxy mapping with the SAURON integral-field spectrograph: The star formation history of NGC 4365
• Dynamical modelling of stars and gas in NGC2974: determination of mass-to-light ratio, inclination and orbital structure by Schwarzschild's method
• Dynamical Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies with Central Singularities
• Regularized orbit models unveiling the stellar structure and dark matter halo of the Coma elliptical NGC 4807
• The Black Hole in NGC 3379: A Comparison of Gas and Stellar Dynamical Mass Measurements with HST and Integral-Field Data
• The central kinematics of NGC 1399 measured with 14pc resolution
• A Dynamical Model of the Inner Galaxy
• The Evolution of Cuspy Triaxial Galaxies Harboring Central Black Holes
• Stellar Dynamics around Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei
• Recovery of the internal orbital structure of galaxies
• Phase space transport in cuspy triaxial potentials: Can they be used to construct self-consistent equilibria?
• Long-Lived Triaxiality in the Dynamically Old Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4365: A Limit on Chaos and Black Hole Mass
• Triaxial Black-Hole Nuclei
• Structural and dynamical uncertainties in modeling axisymmetric elliptical galaxies
• The Shape and Orientation of NGC 3379: Implications for Nuclear Decoupling
• On the reliability of the black hole mass and mass to light ratio determinations with Schwarzschild models
• Two-integral Schwarzschild models
• The Three-Dimensional Mass Distribution in NGC 1700
• Constraining black hole masses from stellar kinematics by summing over all possible distribution functions
• Stellar orbits in triaxial clusters around black holes in galactic nuclei

Cited by in corpus (222)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Overview of the SDSS-IV MaNGA Survey: Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
• Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
• The ATLAS3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of Fast and Slow Rotators
• The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
• Measuring the inclination and mass-to-light ratio of axisymmetric galaxies via anisotropic Jeans models of stellar kinematics
• A comprehensive Maximum Likelihood analysis of the structural properties of faint Milky Way satellites
• Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral-Field Spectroscopy
• The ATLAS3D project - II. Morphologies, kinemetric features and alignment between photometric and kinematic axes of early-type galaxies
• The Local Dark Matter Density
• A Revised Parallel-Sequence Morphological Classification of Galaxies: Structure and Formation of S0 and Spheroidal Galaxies
• The SAURON project - XVII. Stellar population analysis of the absorption line strength maps of 48 early-type galaxies
• Efficient 3D NLTE dust radiative transfer with SKIRT
• Galaxy Masses
• The Black Hole Mass, Stellar M/L, and Dark Halo in M87
• A Supermassive Black Hole in an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy
• The Milky Way's Stellar Disk
• Two-dimensional kinematics of SLACS lenses: III. Mass structure and dynamics of early-type lens galaxies beyond z ~ 0.1
• The Majority of Compact Massive Galaxies at z~2 are Disk Dominated
• New Limits on an Intermediate Mass Black Hole in Omega Centauri: II. Dynamical Models
• An Over-Massive Black Hole in the Compact Lenticular Galaxy NGC1277
• The SAURON project - XII. Kinematic substructures in early-type galaxies: evidence for disks in fast rotators
• The Atlas3D Project - VI. Simulations of binary galaxy mergers and the link with Fast Rotators, Slow Rotators, and Kinematically Distinct Cores
• Wide-Field Precision Kinematics of the M87 Globular Cluster System
• The Morphologies of Massive Galaxies at 1<z<3 in the CANDELS-UDS Field: Compact Bulges, and the Rise and Fall of Massive Disks
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Triaxial Galaxies
• Nearby Early-Type Galactic Nuclei at High Resolution: Dynamical Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster Mass Measurements
• The PN.S Elliptical Galaxy Survey: the dark matter in NGC 4494
• Stellar velocity profiles and line strengths out to four effective radii in the early-type galaxies NGC 3379 and NGC 821
• The mass of the black hole in Centaurus A from SINFONI AO-assisted integral-field observations of stellar kinematics
• Specific Angular Momentum of Disc Merger Remnants and the ${\lambda }_R$-Parameter
• Dwarf Galaxy Dark Matter Density Profiles Inferred from Stellar and Gas Kinematics
• Dearth of dark matter or massive dark halo? Mass-shape-anisotropy degeneracies revealed by NMAGIC dynamical models of the elliptical galaxy NGC 3379
• The Dark Matter Density Profile of the Fornax Dwarf
• Orbital structure of merger remnants: Trends with gas fraction in 1:1 mergers
• The SLUGGS Survey: Wide-field Stellar Kinematics of Early-type Galaxies
• The Supermassive Black Hole and Dark Matter Halo of NGC 4649 (M60)
• Galaxy Kinematics with VIRUS-P: The Dark Matter Halo of M87
• Internal kinematics and dynamical models of dwarf spheroidal galaxies around the Milky Way
• Orbital decomposition of CALIFA spiral galaxies
• Mapping the Dark Side with DEIMOS: Globular Clusters, X-ray Gas, and Dark Matter in the NGC 1407 Group
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. VI. The Kinematics of Ultra-compact Dwarfs and Globular Clusters in M87
• Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudobulge galaxies NGC3368 and NGC3489
• How to break the density-anisotropy degeneracy in spherical stellar systems
• Kinematics of Simulated Galaxies I: Connecting Dynamical and Morphological Properties of Early-Type Galaxies at Different Redshifts
• Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Mass of the central Black Hole in NGC 404
• Efficient solution of the anisotropic spherically-aligned axisymmetric Jeans equations of stellar hydrodynamics for galactic dynamics
• Orbit-based dynamical models of the Sculptor dSph galaxy
• Model comparison of the dark matter profiles of Fornax, Sculptor, Carina and Sextans
• A Quintet of Black Hole Mass Determinations
• Recovering the intrinsic shape of early-type galaxies
• The Fornax3D project: overall goals, galaxy sample, MUSE data analysis and initial results
• Hubble Space Telescope proper motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular clusters. III. Dynamical distances and mass-to-light ratios
• Triaxial orbit-based modelling of the Milky Way Nuclear Star Cluster
• Discrete dynamical modelling of omega Centauri
• Determination of masses of the central black holes in NGC524 and NGC2549 using Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
• A 5x10^9 Solar Mass Black Hole in NGC 1277 from Adaptive Optics Spectroscopy
• Dark matter scaling relations and the assembly epoch of Coma early-type galaxies
• The structural and dynamical properties of compact elliptical galaxies
• The Black Hole in the Most Massive Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy M59-UCD3
• An Iterative Method for Constructing Equilibrium Phase Models of Stellar Systems
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151. II. Stellar Dynamical Measurement from Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectroscopy
• Wide-field imaging of NGC 4365's globular cluster system: The third subpopulation revisited
• Prolate rotation and metallicity gradient in the transforming dwarf galaxy Phoenix
• Combining Stellar Populations with Orbit-Superposition Dynamical Modelling - the Formation History of the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 3115
• The ATLAS3D Project -- XXIII. Angular momentum and nuclear surface brightness profiles
• The Atlas3D project - XIX. The hot-gas content of early-type galaxies: fast versus slow rotators
• A unified framework for the orbital structure of bars and triaxial ellipsoids
• Measuring Dark Matter Profiles Non-Parametrically in Dwarf Spheroidals: An Application to Draco
• The EDGE-CALIFA survey: validating stellar dynamical mass models with CO kinematics
• A New Model for the Milky Way Bar
• Counterrotating Stars in Simulated Galaxy Disks
• The Einstein Cross: constraint on dark matter from stellar dynamics and gravitational lensing
• The Fornax 3D project: a two-dimensional view of the stellar initial mass function in the massive lenticular galaxy FCC 167
• Identikit 1: A Modeling Tool for Interacting Disk Galaxies
• Recovery of the internal orbital structure of galaxies
• Orbit-Based Dynamical Models of the Sombrero Galaxy (NGC 4594)
• Assessing the Jeans Anisotropic Multi-Gaussian Expansion method with the Illustris simulation
• The Atlas3D project - XII. Recovery of the mass-to-light ratio of simulated early-type barred galaxies with axisymmetric dynamical models
• MRK 1216 & NGC 1277 - An orbit-based dynamical analysis of compact, high velocity dispersion galaxies
• The Black Hole in the Compact, High-dispersion Galaxy NGC 1271
• A new implementation of the Schwarzschild method for constructing observationally-driven dynamical models of galaxies of all morphological types
• A new code for orbit analysis and Schwarzschild modelling of triaxial stellar systems
• Hydrostatic Gas Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Masses: Implications for Hydrostatic Equilibrium and Dynamical Modelling in a Sample of Early-Type Galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The internal orbital structure and mass distribution of passive galaxies from triaxial orbit-superposition Schwarzschild models
• The SLUGGS Survey: A comparison of total-mass profiles of early-type galaxies from observations and cosmological simulations, to $\sim$4 effective radii
• Kinematic constraints on the stellar and dark matter content of spiral and S0 galaxies
• A quartet of black holes and a missing duo: probing the low-end of the Mbh - sigma relation with the adaptive optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy
• A kinematically distinct core and minor-axis rotation: the MUSE perspective on M87
• Kinematic decomposition of IllustrisTNG disk galaxies: morphology and relation with morphological structures
• Using NMAGIC to probe the dark matter halo and orbital structure of the X-ray bright, massive elliptical galaxy, NGC 4649
• Climbing to the top of the galactic mass ladder: evidence for frequent prolate-like rotation among the most massive galaxies
• Analysing surveys of our Galaxy -- II. Determining the potential
• Bottom-heavy initial mass function in a nearby compact L*-galaxy
• The complex nature of the nuclear star cluster in FCC 277
• The imprint of dissipation on the shapes of merger remnant LOSVDs
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: a statistical approach to an optimal classification of stellar kinematics in galaxy surveys
• Stellar orbits in cosmological galaxy simulations: the connection to formation history and line-of-sight kinematics
• Disentangling the formation history of galaxies via population-orbit superposition: method validation
• Evaluating the ability of triaxial Schwarzschild modelling to estimate properties of galaxies from the Illustris simulation
• Identifying kinematic structures in simulated galaxies using unsupervised machine learning
• The Black Hole Mass in Brightest Cluster Galaxy NGC 6086
• The central dark matter distribution of NGC 2976
• The Stellar Haloes of Massive Elliptical Galaxies III: Kinematics at Large Radius
• The Fornax3D project: Assembly histories of lenticular galaxies from a combined dynamical and population orbital analysis
• Mass of the dynamically hot inner stellar halo predicts the ancient accreted stellar mass
• Constraining nuclear star cluster formation using MUSE-AO observations of the early-type galaxy FCC47
• Replacing standard galaxy profiles with mixtures of Gaussians
• Keck Integral-Field Spectroscopy of M87 Reveals an Intrinsically Triaxial Galaxy and a Revised Black Hole Mass
• CALIFA reveals Prolate Rotation in Massive Early-type Galaxies: A Polar Galaxy Merger Origin?
• Galaxy density profiles and shapes -- I. simulation pipeline for lensing by realistic galaxy models
• A unified model for age-velocity dispersion relations in Local Group galaxies: Disentangling ISM turbulence and latent dynamical heating
• A novel approach to optimize the regularization and evaluation of dynamical models using a model selection framework
• A discrete chemo-dynamical model of the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5846: dark matter fraction, internal rotation and velocity anisotropy out to six effective radii
• A Black Hole Mass Determination for the Compact Galaxy Mrk 1216
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Mass and Environment as Independent Drivers of Galaxy Dynamics
• The Evolutionary Pathways of Disk-, Bulge-, and Halo-dominated Galaxies
• Two-component galaxies with flat rotation curve
• Dynamical model of the Milky Way using APOGEE and Gaia data
• Applying Schwarzschild's orbit superposition method to barred or non-barred disc galaxies
• A Schwarzschild model of the Galactic bar with initial density from N-body simulations
• Massive central galaxies of galaxy groups in the Romulus simulations: an overview of galaxy properties at z=0
• On the Offset of Barred Galaxies From the Black Hole $M_{BH}$-$\sigma$ Relationship
• The Fornax3D project: discovery of ancient massive merger events in the Fornax cluster galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 1427
• The MASSIVE Survey -- XV. A Stellar Dynamical Mass Measurement of the Supermassive Black Hole in Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1453
• Morphology and kinematics of orbital components in CALIFA galaxies across the Hubble sequence
• MaNGA DynPop -- III. Stellar dynamics versus stellar population relations in 6000 early-type and spiral galaxies: Fundamental Plane, mass-to-light ratios, total density slopes, and dark matter fractions
• Made-to-measure galaxy models - II Elliptical and Lenticular Galaxies
• Morpho-kinematic properties of field S0 bulges in the CALIFA survey
• Triaxial Orbit-based Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies with Supermassive Black Holes and an Application to Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1453
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Internal mass distributions and orbital structures of early-type galaxies and their dependence on environment
• On the robustness of triaxial Schwarzschild modelling: The effects of correcting the orbit mirroring
• The Orbital Structure of Triaxial Galaxies with Figure Rotation
• SMART: A new implementation of Schwarzschild's Orbit Superposition technique for triaxial galaxies and its application to an N-body merger simulation
• A dynamical view on stellar metallicity gradient diversity across the Hubble sequence with CALIFA
• Disc galaxy modelling with a particle-by-particle M2M method
• The two phases of core formation -- orbital evolution in the centres of ellipticals with supermassive black hole binaries
• Non-parametric Triaxial Deprojection of Elliptical Galaxies
• SDSS IV MaNGA: Characterizing Non-Axisymmetric Motions in Galaxy Velocity Fields Using the Radon Transform
• Dark Matter in Elliptical Galaxies
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151 from Stellar Dynamical Modeling
• The MASSIVE Survey -- XVII. A Triaxial Orbit-based Determination of the Black Hole Mass and Intrinsic Shape of Elliptical Galaxy NGC 2693
• Mass density slope of elliptical galaxies from strong lensing and resolved stellar kinematics
• Two-component Jaffe models with a central black hole. I: the spherical case
• Orbit-Superposition Dynamical Modeling of Barred Galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Environmental analysis of the orbital structures of passive galaxies
• The intrinsic shape of bulges in the CALIFA survey
• Recovering the mass profile and orbit anisotropy of mock dwarf galaxies with Schwarzschild modelling
• The inner mass distribution of late-type spiral galaxies from SAURON stellar kinematic maps
• The MASSIVE Survey XIV -- Stellar Velocity Profiles and Kinematic Misalignments from 200 pc to 20 kpc in Massive Early-type Galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Measurements of Early-Type Galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 6861 Through ALMA and HST Observations and Gas-Dynamical Modeling
• The massive dark halo of the compact, early-type galaxy NGC 1281
• Dynamical modelling of the twisted galaxy PGC 046832
• The Fornax3D project: Environmental effects on the assembly of dynamically cold disks in Fornax cluster galaxies
• The low dark matter content of the lenticular galaxy NGC 3998
• Effect of the initial mass function on the dynamical SMBH mass estimate in the nucleated early-type galaxy FCC 47
• The kinematic signature of the inspiral phase of massive binary black holes
• Dynamical Modeling of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Axisymmetry in Triaxial Schwarzschild Orbit Superposition Models
• Dynamical masses of brightest cluster galaxies I: stellar velocity anisotropy and mass-to-light ratios
• Quantifying the stellar ages of dynamically separated bulges and disks of CALIFA spiral galaxies
• The properties of the kinematically distinct components in NGC 448 and NGC 4365
• The non-evolving internal structure of early-type galaxies: the case study SDSS J0728+3835 at z = 0.206
• Mapping the dark matter halo of early-type galaxy NGC 2974 through orbit-based models with combined stellar and cold gas kinematics
• Self-consistent triaxial models
• Mapping the Kinematically Decoupled Core in NGC 1407 with MUSE
• Accuracy and precision of triaxial orbit models I: SMBH mass, stellar mass and dark-matter halo
• Luminosity-Diameter Relations for Globular Clusters and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
• A new class of galaxy models with a central BH -- I. The spherical case
• Equilibrium dynamical models in the inner region of the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Gaia DR3 kinematics
• Surface Brightness and Intrinsic Luminosity of Ellipticals
• The Black Hole Mass and the Stellar Ring in NGC 3706
• Detailed shapes of the line-of-sight velocity distributions in massive early-type galaxies from non-parametric spectral models
• The isotropic center of NGC 5419 -- A core in formation?
• Spatially-resolved stellar populations and kinematics with KCWI: probing the assembly history of the massive early-type galaxy NGC 1407
• Chaotic mixing and the secular evolution of triaxial cuspy galaxy models built with Schwarzschild's method
• Accuracy and precision of triaxial orbit models II: Viewing angles, shape and orbital structure
• Galaxies with kinematically distinct cores in Illustris
• Chemo-dynamical modelling with Schwarzschild's method
• Reconstructing the velocity dispersion profiles from the line-of-sight kinematic data in disc galaxies
• Made-to-measure galaxy modelling utilising absorption line strength data
• Unravelling the Origin of the Counter-Rotating Core in IC 1459 with KMOS and MUSE
• The SLUGGS Survey: Globular cluster kinematics in a "double sigma" galaxy - NGC 4473
• Galaxy shapes in Magneticum. I. Connecting stellar and dark matter shapes to dynamical and morphological galaxy properties and the large-scale structure
• Axisymmetric Schwarzschild models of an isothermal axisymmetric mock dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• Black holes and Galactic density cusps -- I. Radial orbit cusps and bulges
• MUSE narrow field mode observations of the central kinematics of M15
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data II. Chrono-chemo-kinematics of the disc
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data I. Method validation
• Basis function expansions for galactic dynamics: Spherical versus cylindrical coordinates
• The Fornax3D project: Intrinsic Correlations between Orbital Properties and the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• Comparing Lensing and Stellar Orbital Models of a Nearby Massive Strong-Lens Galaxy
• What to expect when using globular clusters as tracers of the total mass distribution in Milky Way-mass galaxies
• The diverse physical origins of stars in the dynamically hot bulge: CALIFA vs. IllustrisTNG
• Decomposing galaxies with BANG: an automated morpho-kinematical decomposition of the SDSS-DR17 MaNGA survey
• Orbit properties of massive prolate galaxies in the Illustris simulation
• GravSphere2: A higher-order Jeans method for mass-modeling spherical stellar systems
• Local variations of the Stellar Velocity Ellipsoid-I: the disc of galaxies in the Auriga simulations
• The fragility of thin discs in galaxies -- I. Building tailored N-body galaxy models
• Modelling our Galaxy
• Recovering the pattern speeds of edge-on barred galaxies via an orbit-superposition method
• Stellar Dynamical Modeling - Accuracy of 3D Density Estimation for Edge-on Axisymmetric Galaxies
• Distinguishing the formation paths of massive compact ETGs through their internal dynamical structures
• Uncover 3D Dark Matter Distribution of the Milky Way by an Empirical Triaxial Orbit-Superposition Model: Method Validation
• Maximally informed Bayesian modelling of disc galaxies
• Schwarzschild modeling of barred galaxies
• The GECKOS survey: Jeans anisotropic models of edge-on discs uncover the impact of dust and kinematic structures
• Generalized Schwarzschild's method
• The validation of made-to-measure method for reconstruction of phase space distribution functions
• The SAMI Survey: Evidence for dynamical coupling of ionised gas and young stellar populations
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Supermassive black holes in a mass-limited galaxy sample
• Multi-spin stellar velocity maps of the most massive galaxies
• Orbit-based structural decomposition and stellar population recovery for edge-on barred galaxies
• An Integral Field Spectroscopy Study Of Thin And Thick Discs In IC 2531
• The stellar orbit distribution in present-day galaxies inferred from the CALIFA survey
• Dynamical Mass Determinations and Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies
• Deprojection of external barred galaxies from photometry
• WISDOM Project -- XXVI. Cross-checking supermassive black hole mass estimates from ALMA CO gas kinematics and SINFONI stellar kinematics in the galaxy NGC 4751
• Spatially resolved stellar-to-total dynamical mass relation: Radial variations, gradients and profiles of galaxy stellar populations
• Constraining Nuclear Molecular Gas Content with High-resolution CO Imaging of GOALS Galaxies
• Distribution functions for spheroids
• LP-VIcode: a program to compute a suite of variational chaos indicators