Disc galaxy modelling with a particle-by-particle M2M method

Abstract

We have developed the initial version of a new particle-by-particle adaptation of the made-to-measure (M2M) method, aiming to model the Galactic disc from upcoming Galactic stellar survey data. In our new particle-by-particle M2M, the observables of the target system are compared with those of the model galaxy at the position of the target stars (i.e. particles). The weights of the model particles are changed to reproduce the observables of the target system, and the gravitational potential is automatically adjusted by the changing weights of the particles. This paper demonstrates, as the initial work, that the particle-by-particle M2M can recreate a target disc system created by an N-body simulation in a known dark matter potential, with no error in the observables. The radial profiles of the surface density, velocity dispersion in the radial and perpendicular directions, and the rotational velocity of the target disc are all well reproduced from the initial disc model, whose scale length is different from that of the target disc. We also demonstrate that our M2M can be applied to an incomplete data set and recreate the target disc reasonably well when the observables are restricted to a part of the disc. We discuss our calibration of the model parameters and the importance of regularization.

13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• Assessing the Jeans Anisotropic Multi-Gaussian Expansion method with the Illustris simulation
• The Bar and Spiral Arms in the Milky Way: Structure and Kinematics
• Applying Schwarzschild's orbit superposition method to barred or non-barred disc galaxies
• The stellar kinematics of co-rotating spiral arms in Gaia mock observations
• M2M modelling of the Galactic disc via PRIMAL: Fitting to Gaia Error Added Data
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• Theoretical Models of the Galactic Bulge
• GalMod: a Galactic synthesis population model
• Made-to-measure galaxy modelling utilising absorption line strength data
• Rediscovering the Milky Way with orbit superposition approach and APOGEE data I. Method validation
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• GravSphere2: A higher-order Jeans method for mass-modeling spherical stellar systems
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• A PRIMAL view of the Milky Way, made possible by Gaia and M2M modelling
• Dynamical Models of the Milky Way in Action Space with LAMOST DR8 and GAIA EDR3