The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151. II. Stellar Dynamical Measurement from Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectroscopy

Abstract

We present a revised measurement of the mass of the central black hole (Mbh) in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. The new stellar dynamical mass measurement is derived by applying an axisymmetric orbit-superposition code to near-infrared integral field data obtained using adaptive optics with the Gemini NIFS spectrograph. When our models attempt to fit both the NIFS kinematics and additional low spatial resolution kinematics, our results depend sensitively on how chi-squared is computed--probably a consequence of complex bar kinematics that manifest immediately outside the nuclear region. The most robust results are obtained when only the high spatial resolution kinematic constraints in the nuclear region are included in the fit. Our best estimates for the BH mass and H-band mass-to-light ratio are Mbh~(3.76+/-1.15)E7 Msun (1-sigma error) and M/L(H-band)~0.34+/-0.03 Msun/Lsun (3-sigma error), respectively (the quoted errors reflect the model uncertainties). Our BH mass measurement is consistent with estimates from both reverberation mapping (3.57[+0.45/-0.37]E7 Msun) and gas kinematics (3.0[+0.75/-2.2]E7 Msun; 1-sigma errors), and our best-fit mass-to-light ratio is consistent with the photometric estimate of M/L(H-band)=0.4+/-0.2 Msun/Lsun. The NIFS kinematics give a central bulge velocity dispersion sigma_c=116+/-3 km/s, bringing this object slightly closer to the M-sigma relation for quiescent galaxies. Although NGC 4151 is one of only a few Seyfert 1 galaxies in which it is possible to obtain a direct dynamical BH mass measurement--and thus, an independent calibration of the reverberation mapping mass scale--the complex bar kinematics makes it less than ideally suited for this purpose.

arXiv comment21 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (62)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database
• Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Calibration of the M-sigma Relationship for AGNs
• Resolved stellar mass maps of galaxies. I: method and implications for global mass estimates
• Efficient Multi-Gaussian Expansion of galaxies
• The M(BH)-Sigma Relation for Supermassive Black Holes
• The orbit of the star S2 around SgrA* from VLT and Keck data
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project: Broad-Line Region Radii and Black Hole Masses from Reverberation Mapping of Hbeta
• An expanded M_bh-sigma diagram, and a new calibration of active galactic nuclei masses
• Axisymmetric Dynamical Models of the Central Regions of Galaxies
• Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Consistency of Black Hole Masses in Quiescent and Active Galaxies
• Triaxial orbit based galaxy models with an application to the (apparent) decoupled core galaxy NGC 4365
• Outflows from AGN: Kinematics of the Narrow-Line and Coronal-Line Regions in Seyfert Galaxies
• Bulge n and B/T in High Mass Galaxies: Constraints on the Origin of Bulges in Hierarchical Models
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project: The MBH - sigma Relation For Reverberation-Mapped Active Galaxies
• Improved evidence for a black hole in M32 from HST/FOS spectra - II. Axisymmetric dynamical models
• Stellar Velocity Dispersion Measurements in High-Luminosity Quasar Hosts and Implications for the AGN Black Hole Mass Scale
• Near-IR and Optical Morphology of Spiral Galaxies
• The Star-Forming Torus and Stellar Dynamical Black Hole Mass in the Seyfert 1 Nucleus of NGC3227
• A Reverberation-Based Mass for the Central Black Hole in NGC 4151
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project: Reverberation Mapping of Optical Hydrogen and Helium Recombination Lines
• Difficulties with Recovering The Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data
• Bar Diagnostics in Edge-On Spiral Galaxies. III. N-Body Simulations of Disks
• Do quiescent and active galaxies have different M_BH-sigma relations?
• The Low End of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Constraining the Mass of a Nuclear Black Hole in NGC 205 via Stellar Kinematics
• Feeding versus Feedback in NGC4151 probed with Gemini NIFS. II. Kinematics
• The Relationship Between Black Hole Mass and Velocity Dispersion in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Near-IR Atlas of S0-Sa galaxies (NIRS0S)
• Mapping the Kinematics of the Narrow-Line Region in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4151
• Feeding versus Feedback in NGC 4151 probed with Gemini NIFS. I. Excitation
• Axisymmetric Three-Integral Models for Galaxies
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Triaxial Galaxies
• A Study of the Direct-Fitting Method for Measurement of Galaxy Velocity Dispersions
• Radial Velocity Offsets Due to Mass Outflows and Extinction in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dynamical modelling of stars and gas in NGC2974: determination of mass-to-light ratio, inclination and orbital structure by Schwarzschild's method
• Circumnuclear Gas in Seyfert 1 Galaxies: Morphology, Kinematics, and Direct Measurement of Black Hole Masses
• The First Spectroscopically Resolved Sub-parsec Orbit of a Supermassive Binary Black Hole
• The Central Kiloparsec of Seyfert and Inactive Host Galaxies: a Comparison of Two-Dimensional Stellar and Gaseous Kinematics
• The Kinematic Signature of Face-On Peanut-Shaped Bulges
• Neutral Hydrogen (21 cm) Absorption in Seyfert Galaxies: Evidence for Free-free Absorption and Sub-kiloparsec Gaseous Disks
• The central kinematics of NGC 1399 measured with 14pc resolution
• On the nature of the barlens component in barred galaxies: what do boxy/peanut bulges look like when viewed face-on?
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151: Comparison of Reverberation Mapping and Stellar Dynamical Measurements
• On the deprojection of axisymmetric bodies
• Low-luminosity Active Galaxies and their Central Black Holes
• Testing the AGN-Starburst Connection in Seyfert Galaxies
• The Atlas3D project - XII. Recovery of the mass-to-light ratio of simulated early-type barred galaxies with axisymmetric dynamical models
• The Nuclear Dynamics of M32. I. Data and Stellar Kinematics
• The Dusty Nuclear Torus in NGC 4151: Constraints from Gemini Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph Observations
• The effect of bars on the M-sigma relation: offset, scatter and residuals correlations
• On the Offset of Barred Galaxies From the Black Hole $M_{BH}$-$\sigma$ Relationship
• Unveiling The Sigma-Discrepancy II: Revisiting the Evolution of ULIRGs & The Origin of Quasars
• Calibrating stellar velocity dispersions based on spatially-resolved h-band spectra for improving the m-sigma relation
• The Effect of Spatial Gradients in Stellar Mass-to-Light Ratio on Black Hole Mass Measurements
• First Stellar Velocity Dispersion Measurement of a Luminous Quasar Host with Gemini North Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
• Deprojection of Axially Symmetric Objects
• Integral field spectroscopy of QSO host galaxies
• Origin of the "Disk-Line" Feature in the X-Ray Energy Spectrum of a Seyfert Galaxy, NGC4151

Cited by in corpus (56)

• The Dark Energy Survey: more than dark energy - an overview
• The AGN Black Hole Mass Database
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey I: Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics
• Unification of the Fundamental Plane and Super-Massive Black Holes Masses
• Reverberation mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei: from X-ray corona to dusty torus
• Swift monitoring of NGC 4151: Evidence for a Second X-ray/UV Reprocessing
• OzDES multi-fibre spectroscopy for the Dark Energy Survey: first-year operation and results
• The X-ray Halo Scaling Relations of Supermassive Black Holes
• Velocity-resolved reverberation mapping of five bright Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Hunting for Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The spatially resolved broad line region of IRAS 09149-6206
• A 5x10^9 Solar Mass Black Hole in NGC 1277 from Adaptive Optics Spectroscopy
• A dust-parallax distance of 19 megaparsecs to the supermassive black hole in NGC 4151
• Updating the (Supermassive Black Hole Mass) - (Spiral Arm Pitch Angle) Relation: A Strong Correlation for Galaxies with Pseudobulges
• The dust sublimation radius as an outer envelope to the bulk of the narrow Fe Kalpha line emission in Type 1 AGN
• A unified framework for the orbital structure of bars and triaxial ellipsoids
• A Measurement of the Black-Hole Mass in NGC 1097 using ALMA
• The Black Hole in the Compact, High-dispersion Galaxy NGC 1271
• CIV Black Hole Mass Measurements with the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES)
• The Mass of the Central Black Hole in the Nearby Seyfert Galaxy NGC5273
• The Cepheid Distance to the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4151
• A Reverberation-Based Black Hole Mass for MCG-06-30-15
• The Broad Line Region and Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151
• Calibration of the virial factor $f$ in supermassive black hole masses of reverberation-mapped AGNs
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: I - Stellar kinematics
• Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping of Changing-look Active Galactic Nucleus NGC~4151 During Outburst Stage: Evidence for Kinematics Evolution of Broad-line Region
• Gamma rays from Fast Black-Hole Winds
• A Black Hole Mass Determination for the Compact Galaxy Mrk 1216
• A Consistent Set of Empirical Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies: The $(v_{\max },M_{\mathrm{DM}})$-$({\sigma }_0,M_{\mathrm{BH}},\varphi )$ Relations
• Broad-line region in NGC 4151 monitored by two decades of reverberation mapping campaigns. I. Evolution of structure and kinematics
• Applying Schwarzschild's orbit superposition method to barred or non-barred disc galaxies
• Towards Precision Supermassive Black Hole Masses using Megamaser Disks
• A Low-Mass Black Hole in the Nearby Seyfert Galaxy UGC 06728
• Black hole mass measurement using ALMA observations of [CI] and CO emissions in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7469
• Radiative heating in the kinetic mode of AGN feedback
• A low upper mass limit for the central black hole in the late-type galaxy NGC 4414
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: II -The sample and surface mass density profiles
• Robotic Reverberation Mapping of the Southern Seyfert NGC 3783
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151 from Stellar Dynamical Modeling
• On Spin Dependence of the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity
• The nuclear architecture of NGC 4151: on the path toward a universal outflow mechanism in light of NGC 1068
• Neutrino and pair creation in reconnection-powered coronae of accreting black holes
• Spectral properties of NGC 4151 and the Estimation of black hole mass using TCAF solution
• Supernova 2018aoq and a distance to Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151
• A Cepheid-Based Distance to the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 6814
• The APOGEE Library of Infrared SSP Templates (A-LIST): High-Resolution Simple Stellar Population Spectral Models in the H-Band
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• On the role and origin of nonthermal electrons in hot accretion flows
• Assessing indirect methods to determine black hole masses using NGC 4151
• The Mass of the Black Hole in NGC 5273 from Stellar Dynamical Modeling
• The BRAVE Program - I: Improved Bulge Stellar Velocity Dispersion Estimates for a Sample of Active Galaxies
• Relativistic reflection in NGC 4151
• AGN Reverberation Mapping
• Detection and Characterization of Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Seyfert Galaxy NGC 4151
• Cross-checking SMBH mass estimates in NGC 6958 -- I: Stellar dynamics from adaptive optics-assisted MUSE observations
• Intra-day variability of three Seyfert Galaxies measured with XMM-Newton