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407 papers
The LBT Y Project VI: Gas-Phase Chemical Abundance Patterns of Metal-Poor Nebulae
Noah S. J. Rogers, Evan D. Skillman, Richard W. Pogge +7
Through a combined rest-optical and NIR observing campaign, the Large Binocular Telescope Primordial He Abundance () Project has delivered a precision measurement of $Y_…
KMT-2026-BLG-0083L: A Two-Jovian-Planet System Orbiting an M Dwarf Discovered by Microlensing
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Zhixing Li +65
We present the analysis of the microlensing event KMT-2026-BLG-0083, which was independently detected by the KMTNet, OGLE, and PRIME surveys and also monitored by the DREAMS survey…
Laboratory characterization of iLocater
Marcelo Tala Pinto, Marshall C. Johnson, Julia Brady +18
iLocater is a diffraction-limited, fiber-fed spectrograph designed for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), which targets high-precision radial velocity measurements in the near-in…
Commissioning and on-sky performance verification of iLocater
Marshall C. Johnson, Marcelo Tala Pinto, Jonathan Crass +59
iLocater is a high-resolution near-infrared extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) spectrograph that was deployed to the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) in June 2026. iLocater op…
The Calibration System of the iLocater Spectrograph
Sai Vidyud Senthil Nathan, Jonathan Crass, Julia E. Brady +21
iLocater is a new near-infrared, extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) instrument delivered to the Large Binocular Telescope in the summer of 2026. The instrument utilizes singl…
KMT-2025-BLG-0975Lb and KMT-2025-BLG-1160Lb: Two Uranus-Mass Planets Beyond the Snow Line Discovered by Microlensing
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Andrzej Udalski +27
We present the analysis of two planetary microlensing events, KMT-2025-BLG-0975 and KMT-2025-BLG-1160, discovered during the 2025 Galactic bulge microlensing season through high-ca…
Four Cold Giant Planets Discovered by High-Cadence Microlensing Surveys
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Andrzej Udalski +52
We report the discovery of four cold giant planets identified through the analysis of microlensing events detected by high-cadence surveys: OGLE-2016-BLG-0261, KMT-2025-BLG-0026, K…
KMT-2025-BLG-2093: Free-Floating Planet Candidate Near the Shore of the Einstein Desert
Yoon-Hyun Ryu, Andrew Gould, Kyu-Ha Hwang +16
We analyze KMT-2025-BLG-2093, with angular Einstein radius , which makes it the second isolated microlens that lies in the ``Einstein Desert'' ($9…
The Highly Variable Wind from WD J005311, the Stellar Remnant of the Peculiar Galactic Supernova of 1181
C. Alexander Thomas, Peter Garnavich, Charlotte Wood +2
WD J005311 is the peculiar stellar remnant of the Galactic supernova from 1181, and appears to have been the merger of two white dwarfs. We present time-resolved spectroscopy of WD…
Four-Body Gravitational Microlensing Events Involving Both a Binary Lens and a Binary Source
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Andrzej Udalski +31
We present detailed analyses of three anomalous microlensing events--KMT-2021-BLG-0209, KMT-2021-BLG-0901, and OGLE-2025-BLG-0356--identified from a systematic re-examination of KM…
Mass Production of 2023 KMTNet Microlensing Planets. III: Three Planets from the Subprime Field
Hongyu Li, Zhixing Li, Weicheng Zang +56
To complete the analysis of the 2023 KMTNet subprime-field microlensing planetary events identified by its AlertFinder system, we present the analysis of six events, KMT-2023-BLG-(…
Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. XIII. Complete Sample of 2021 Prime Field Planets
In-Gu Shin, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang +39
The Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search series was conducted using the KMTNet data archived from to . From this first phase of the series, we reported a total o…
The First Empirical Calibration of the MIR Abundance Diagnostic Ne with JWST
Noah S. J. Rogers, Evan D. Skillman, Danielle A. Berg +10
Large surveys of galaxies in the local and high-redshift Universe have, traditionally, relied on the intensity of rest-optical emission lines from metal ions in the Interstellar Me…
Candidate Microlensing Brown Dwarfs in Binary Lens Systems from the 2023--2025 Observing Seasons
Cheongho Han, Andrzej Udalski, Ian A. Bond +62
We present detailed light-curve analyses of ten binary-lens microlensing events observed during the 2023--2025 seasons and selected as candidates for hosting brown-dwarf companions…
Mass Production of 2023 KMTNet Microlensing Planets. II: Two Planets and A Brown Dwarf
Zhixing Li, Hongyu Li, Weicheng Zang +63
To expand the homogeneous microlensing planetary sample of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet), we investigate six planetary candidates identified by the AnomalyFinde…
Mass Production of 2023 KMTNet Microlensing Planets I: Low Mass Ratio
Yoon-Hyun Ryu, Andrzej Udalski, Hongjing Yang +34
We initiate the systematic search for planets in the 2023 data of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet), focusing on those planets found by the KMTNet AnomalyFinder wit…
Three Saturn-mass Microlensing Planets Identified through Signals from Peripheral-caustic Perturbations
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Andrzej Udalski +63
We present the discovery and analysis of three microlensing planets identified through brief positive anomalies on the wings of their light curves. The events, KMT-2021-BLG-0852, K…
KMT-2016-BLG-1337L: A Saturn-mass planet orbiting within a binary system of low-mass stars
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Ian A. Bond +55
We report the discovery and characterization of a planetary companion in the microlensing event KMT-2016-BLG-1337, which was produced by a binary system of low-mass stars. The ligh…
The LBT Project V: Cosmological Implications of a New Determination of Primordial He
Tsung-Han Yeh, Keith A. Olive, Brian D. Fields +5
The primordial abundance of He plays a central role in big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) and in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The LBT Project's new measuremen…
The LBT Y Project IV: A New Value of the Primordial Helium Abundance
Erik Aver, Evan D. Skillman, Richard W. Pogge +7
We present a new determination of the primordial helium abundance based on new, high-quality Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) observations of 54 metal-poor H II regions. These regio…
The LBT Project III: LUCI Spectra of Metal-Poor Nebulae
Miqaela K. Weller, Richard W. Pogge, Evan D. Skillman +6
Accurately determining the elemental abundances of a low metallicity nebula strongly depends on measuring the density (n) and temperature (T) of the gas. Because these two…
The LBT Project I: An Improved Determination of the Primordial Helium Abundance -- Project Description, Sample Selection, Observations, and Methodology
Evan D. Skillman, Richard W. Pogge, Erik Aver +9
Extremely low metallicity HII regions have been observed with the goal of determining the primordial helium abundance (). , combined with standard big bang nu…
Four Cold Super-Jupiters Revealed by Extended and Complex Microlensing Signals
Cheongho Han, Chung-Uk Lee, Michael D. Albrow +18
We present the analysis of four microlensing events, KMT-2020-BLG-0202, KMT-2022-BLG-1551, KMT-2023-BLG-0466, and KMT-2025-BLG-0121, which exhibit extended and complex anomalies in…
The LBT Project II: MODS Spectra, Physical Conditions, and Oxygen Abundances in Local Metal-Poor Nebulae
Noah S. J. Rogers, Evan D. Skillman, Richard W. Pogge +7
Empirically measuring the primordial He mass fraction, , requires a significant number of low-metallicity nebulae with direct constraints on He/H and O/H abundances. Thi…