The Atlas3D project - VII. A new look at the morphology of nearby galaxies: the kinematic morphology-density relation

Abstract

We look at the morphology of fast and slow rotator early-type galaxies. Edge-on fast rotators are lenticular galaxies. They appear like spiral galaxies with the gas and dust removed, and in some cases are flat ellipticals with disky isophotes. Fast rotators are often barred and span the same full range of bulge fractions as spiral galaxies. The slow rotators are rounder and are generally consistent with being genuine, namely spheroidal-like, elliptical galaxies. We propose a revision to the tuning-fork diagram by Hubble as it gives a misleading description of ETGs. We study for the first time the kinematic morphology-density T-Sigma relation using fast and slow rotators to replace lenticulars and ellipticals. We find that our relation is cleaner than using classic morphology. Slow rotators are nearly absent at the lowest density environments [f(SR)<2%] and generally constitute a small fraction [f(SR)~4%] of the total galaxy population in the environments explored by our survey, with the exception of the densest core of the Virgo cluster [f(SR)~20%]. We find a clean log-linear relation between the fraction f(Sp) of spiral galaxies and the local galaxy surface density. The existence of a smooth kinematic T-Sigma relation in the field excludes processes related to the cluster environment as main contributors to the apparent conversion of spirals into fast-rotators in low-density environments. It shows that the segregation is driven by local effects at the small-group scale. Only at the largest densities in the Virgo core does the f(Sp) relation break down and steepens sharply, while the fraction of slow-rotators starts to significantly increase. This suggests that a different mechanism is at work there. (Abridged)

18 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX. Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 24 February 2011

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• Decomposing galaxies with BANG: an automated morpho-kinematical decomposition of the SDSS-DR17 MaNGA survey
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: rules of behaviour for spin-ellipticity radial tracks in galaxies
• MaNGA integral-field stellar kinematics of LoTSS radio galaxies: Luminous radio galaxies tend to be slow rotators
• An Oxford SWIFT Integral Field Spectroscopy study of 14 early-type galaxies in the Coma cluster
• Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
• The Fornax 3D project: PNe populations and stellar metallicity in edge-on galaxies
• The Nature of the Double Nuclei in the Barred S0 Galaxy IC676
• The effects of environment on galaxies' dynamical structures: From simulations to observations
• Living with Neighbors. IV. Dissecting the Spin$-$Orbit Alignment of Dark Matter Halos: Interacting Neighbors and the Local Large-scale Structure
• Structure and Kinematics of Star-forming Elliptical Galaxies in SDSS-MaNGA
• LeMMINGs. VI. Connecting nuclear activity to bulge properties of active and inactive galaxies: radio scaling relations and galaxy environment
• A multiwavelength view of the ISM in the merger remnant Fornax A galaxy
• The isolated elliptical galaxy NGC 5812 -- MOND or Dark Matter?
• NGC 5626: a massive fast rotator with a twist
• An early-type galaxy with an inner star-forming disk
• Elliptical (E) and ellicular (ES) galaxies in the M_bh-M_*,sph diagram, and a merger-driven explanation for the origin of ES galaxies, anti-truncated stellar discs in lenticular galaxies, and the Sersicification of E galaxy light profiles
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The relationship between galaxy rotation and the motion of neighbours
• Creating lenticular galaxies with major mergers
• Revisiting the Dichotomy of Early-type Galaxies
• The GECKOS survey: Jeans anisotropic models of edge-on discs uncover the impact of dust and kinematic structures
• Alignment of spiral and elliptical galaxies from Siena Galaxy Atlas with filaments
• What Drives the Bimodal Distribution of Eddington-Scaled Radio Luminosity in Nearby Early-Type Galaxies?
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dynamical masses of early-type galaxies at z~2
• Cluster environment quenches the star formation of low-mass satellite galaxies from the inside-out
• Multi-spin stellar velocity maps of the most massive galaxies
• The MeerKAT Fornax Survey -- I. Survey description and first evidence of ram pressure in the Fornax galaxy cluster
• Atomic hydrogen reservoirs in quiescent galaxies at z = 0.4
• Morpho-kinematic of galaxies at cosmic noon
• Creating S0s with major mergers: a 3D view
• Contrasting evolutionary pathways of fast- and slow-rotating galaxies in the green valley
• The most massive galaxies with large depleted cores: structural parameter relations and black hole masses
• The Recent Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies as Seen in their Cold Gas
• Passive spiral galaxies deeply captured by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: first 1000 galaxies
• The Kinematic Morphology-Density Relation from the SAMI Pilot Survey
• Reconstructing the mass assembly history with kinematics and nuclear light profiles
• Spider-Webb: enhanced star formation in low-mass galaxies within the Spiderweb protocluster revealed by JWST Pa$\beta$ narrow-band imaging