Dust properties in the cold and hot gas phases of the ATLAS3D early-type galaxies as revealed by AKARI

Abstract

The properties of the dust in the cold and hot gas phases of early-type galaxies (ETGs) are key to understand ETG evolution. We thus conducted a systematic study of the dust in a large sample of local ETGs, focusing on relations between the dust and the molecular, atomic, and X-ray gas of the galaxies, as well as their environment. We estimated the dust temperatures and masses of the 260 ETGs from the ATLAS3D survey, using fits to their spectral energy distributions primarily constructed from AKARI measurements. We also used literature measurements of the cold (CO and HI) and X-ray gas phases. Our ETGs show no correlation between their dust and stellar masses, suggesting inefficient dust production by stars and/or dust destruction in X-ray gas. The global dust-to-gas mass ratios of ETGs are generally lower than those of late-type galaxies, likely due to dust-poor HI envelopes in ETGs. They are also higher in Virgo Cluster ETGs than in group and field ETGs, but the same ratios measured in the central parts of the galaxies only are independent of galaxy environment. Slow-rotating ETGs have systematically lower dust masses than fast-rotating ETGs. The dust masses and X-ray luminosities are correlated in fast-rotating ETGs, whose star formation rates are also correlated with the X-ray luminosities. The correlation between dust and X-rays in fast-rotating ETGs appears to be caused by residual star formation, while slow-rotating ETGs are likely well evolved, and thus exhausting their dust. These results appear consistent with the postulated evolution of ETGs, whereby fast-rotating ETGs form by mergers of late-type galaxies and associated bulge growth, while slow-rotating ETGs form by (dry) mergers of fast-rotating ETGs. Central cold dense gas appears to be resilient against ram pressure stripping, suggesting that Virgo Cluster ETGs may not suffer strong related star formation suppression.

arXiv comment18 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (59)

• Interstellar Dust Grains
• The Atlas3D project -- I. A volume-limited sample of 260 nearby early-type galaxies: science goals and selection criteria
• Dust Masses, PAH Abundances, and Starlight Intensities in the SINGS Galaxy Sample
• The Infrared Astronomical Mission AKARI
• The SAURON project - V. Integral-field emission-line kinematics of 48 elliptical and lenticular galaxies
• The SAURON project -- IX. A kinematic classification for early-type galaxies
• The ATLAS3D project - III. A census of the stellar angular momentum within the effective radius of early-type galaxies: unveiling the distribution of Fast and Slow Rotators
• The Atlas3D project - XV. Benchmark for early-type galaxies scaling relations from 260 dynamical models: mass-to-light ratio, dark matter, Fundamental Plane and Mass Plane
• The Atlas3D project - XX. Mass-size and mass-sigma distributions of early-type galaxies: bulge fraction drives kinematics, mass-to-light ratio, molecular gas fraction and stellar initial mass function
• The AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared All-Sky Survey
• The SAURON project. I. The panoramic integral-field spectrograph
• A systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function in early-type galaxies
• The SAURON project -- X. The orbital anisotropy of elliptical and lenticular galaxies: revisiting the (V/sigma,epsilon) diagram with integral-field stellar kinematics
• A Substantial Population of Low Mass Stars in Luminous Elliptical Galaxies
• The Star Formation Rate and Gas Surface Density Relation in the Milky Way: Implications for Extragalactic Studies
• The Atlas3D project - VII. A new look at the morphology of nearby galaxies: the kinematic morphology-density relation
• The Atlas3D project -- IV: the molecular gas content of early-type galaxies
• The Atlas3D project -- XIII. Mass and morphology of HI in early-type galaxies as a function of environment
• A Catalogue and Analysis of X-ray luminosities of Early-type galaxies
• The Atlas3D project - X. On the origin of the molecular and ionised gas in early-type galaxies
• A High Merger Fraction in the Rich Cluster MS1054-03 at z=0.83: Direct Evidence for Hierarchical Formation of Massive Galaxies
• X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies - II. Hot interstellar medium
• Molecular Gas and Star Formation in the SAURON Early-type Galaxies
• The dust scaling relations of the Herschel Reference Survey
• Revisiting with Chandra the Scaling Relations of the X-ray Emission Components (Binaries, Nuclei and Hot Gas) of Early Type Galaxies
• The Extreme Outer Regions of Disk Galaxies: I. Chemical Abundances of HII Regions
• The Herschel Reference Survey: Dust in Early-Type Galaxies and Across the Hubble Sequence
• The ATLAS3D Project - XXVIII. Dynamically-driven star formation suppression in early-type galaxies
• The distribution of cosmic-ray sources in the Galaxy, gamma-rays, and the gradient in the CO-to-H2 relation
• The ATLAS3D project - XVIII. CARMA CO imaging survey of early-type galaxies
• Early-type galaxies in different environments: an HI view
• The SAURON project - XV. Modes of star formation in early-type galaxies and the evolution of the red sequence
• Molecular gas and star formation in early-type galaxies
• The MASSIVE Survey IV.: The X-ray halos of the most massive early-type galaxies in the nearby Universe
• The Atlas3D project -- XXVII. Cold Gas and the Colours and Ages of Early-type Galaxies
• LINER-like Extended Nebulae in ULIRGs: Shocks Generated by Merger Induced Flows
• The Ĝ Infrared Search for Extraterrestrial Civilizations with Large Energy Supplies. III. The Reddest Extended Sources in WISE
• Far Infrared Spitzer Observations of Elliptical Galaxies: Evidence for Extended Diffuse Dust
• The $AKARI$ Far-Infrared All-Sky Survey Maps
• The Origin and Evolution of Fast and Slow Rotators in the Illustris Simulation
• Cold Dust in Early-Type Galaxies. I. Observations
• The Complete Local Volume Groups Sample - I. Sample Selection and X-ray Properties of the High-Richness Subsample
• The origin of the atomic and molecular gas contents of early-type galaxies. I. A new test of galaxy formation physics
• Far-Infrared Emission From E and E/S0 Galaxies
• The HI content of Early-Type Galaxies from the ALFALFA survey I. Catalogued HI sources in the Virgo cluster
• Evidence of Star Formation in Local S0 Galaxies: Spitzer Observations of the SAURON Sample
• Molecular and atomic gas in dust lane early-type galaxies - I: Low star-formation efficiencies in minor merger remnants
• The Atlas3D project - XIX. The hot-gas content of early-type galaxies: fast versus slow rotators
• X-ray Scaling Relations of core and coreless E and S0 Galaxies
• The Origin of Dust in Early-Type Galaxies and Implications for Accretion onto Supermassive Black Holes
• Galaxy interactions II: High density environments
• The nuclear X-ray emission of nearby early-type galaxies
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey - XIII. Dust in early-type galaxies
• Dust processing in elliptical galaxies
• Star-Formation Bimodality in Early-Type Galaxies
• Calibration of the AKARI Far-infrared All Sky Survey Maps
• A star formation study of the ATLAS3D early-type galaxies with the AKARI all-sky survey
• H-ATLAS/GAMA and HeViCS - Dusty Early-Type Galaxies in Different Environments
• Properties of dust and PAHs in the hot plasma of the elliptical galaxy NGC4125 revealed with AKARI and Spitzer

Cited by in corpus (16)

• Census and classification of low-surface-brightness structures in nearby early-type galaxies from the MATLAS survey
• The fate of the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies. I. First direct measurement of the timescale of dust removal
• Dust temperature uncertainties hamper the inference of dust and molecular gas masses from the dust continuum emission of quiescent high-redshift galaxies
• Simulating the infrared sky with a Spritz
• Estimating the molecular gas mass of low-redshift galaxies from a combination of mid-infrared luminosity and optical properties
• In pursuit of giants: II. Evolution of dusty quiescent galaxies over the last six billion years from the hCOSMOS survey
• Observational Evidence for Enhanced Black Hole Accretion in Giant Elliptical Galaxies
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XII. Ionised gas emission in the inner regions of lenticular galaxies
• The Elephant in the Bathtub: when the physics of star formation regulate the baryon cycle of galaxies
• The fate of the interstellar medium in early-type galaxies. III. The mechanism of ISM removal and quenching of star formation
• Splitting the lentils: Clues to galaxy/black hole coevolution from the discovery of offset relations for non-dusty versus dusty (wet-merger-built) lenticular galaxies in the $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{spheroid}}$ diagram
• Quantifying the cool ISM in radio AGNs: evidence for late-time re-triggering by galaxy mergers and interactions
• Cold gas and dust: Hunting spiral-like structures in early-type galaxies
• Tracing the evolutionary pathways of dust and cold gas in high-z quiescent galaxies with SIMBA
• Deep optical imaging of star-forming blue early-type galaxies: Color map structures and faint features indicative of recent mergers
• Gravitational Instability of Gas-Dust Circumnuclear Disks in Galaxies