The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters

Abstract

We present results from an optical-IR photometric study of early-type galaxies in 19 galaxy clusters out to z=0.9. The galaxy sample is selected on the basis of morphologies determined from HST WFPC2 images, and is photometrically defined in the K-band to minimize redshift-dependent selection biases. The optical-IR colors of the early-type cluster galaxies become bluer with increasing redshift in a manner consistent with the passive evolution of an old stellar population formed at an early cosmic epoch. The degree of color evolution is similar for clusters at similar redshift, and does not depend strongly on the optical richness or X-ray luminosity of the cluster, suggesting that the history of early-type galaxies is relatively insensitive to environment. The slope of the color-magnitude relationship shows no significant change out to z=0.9, providing evidence that it arises from a correlation between galaxy mass and metallicity, not age. Finally, the intrinsic scatter in the optical-IR colors is small and nearly constant with redshift, indicating that the majority of giant, early-type galaxies in clusters share a common star formation history, with little perturbation due to uncorrelated episodes of later star formation. Taken together, our results are consistent with models in which most early-type galaxies in rich clusters are old, formed the majority of their stars at high redshift in a well-synchronized fashion, and evolved quiescently thereafter.

55 pages, 24 figures, uses AASTeX. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

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• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Five Galaxy Clusters at z > 1.25 in the 2500 sq. deg. SPT-SZ Survey
• Luminous red galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey: selection with broad-band photometry and weak lensing measurements
• Young Red Spheroidal Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Fields: Evidence for a Truncated IMF at ~2M_solar and a Constant Space Density to z~2
• Radio galaxy selected clusters at high redshift and associated ERO overdensities
• The luminous host galaxies of high redshift BL Lac objects
• Evolution of Group Galaxies from the First Red-Sequence Cluster Survey
• A Compact Cluster of Massive Red Galaxies at a Redshift of 1.51
• On breaking the age-metallicity degeneracy in early-type galaxies: infall versus star formation efficiency
• The Type II Supernova Rate in z~0.1 Galaxy Clusters from the Multi-Epoch Nearby Cluster Survey
• Morphological evolution of cluster red sequence galaxies in the past 9 Gyr
• The Galaxy Environment of a Quasar at z=1.226: A Possible Cluster Merger
• Understanding the Unique Assembly History of Central Group Galaxies
• Dusty ERO Search behind Two Massive Clusters
• Deep Imaging of AXJ2019+112: The Luminosity of a ``Dark Cluster''
• The Formation Epoch of Early-Type Galaxies in the z ~ 0.9 CL1604 Supercluster
• Tightness of the color-magnitude relation of elliptical galaxies and the epoch of major galaxy merging
• Identifying the progenitor set of present-day early-type galaxies: a view from the standard model
• Environmental effects on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function in galaxy clusters
• Present-day scaling relations of submm galaxies: origin of spheroidal sytems
• The galaxy population of the z=1 cluster of galaxies MG2016+112
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) III: fundamental plane of cluster galaxies at $z\simeq 1.80$ in JKCS 041
• Probing of the Interactions Between the Hot Plasmas and Galaxies in Clusters from z=0.1 to 0.9
• Mass-Metallicity Relation for the Local Group Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies: A New Picture for the Chemical Enrichment of Galaxies in the Lowest Mass Range
• Radial Variation of Optical and Near-Infrared Colours in Luminous Early-Type Galaxies in ABELL 2199
• An excess of sub-millimetre sources towards z~1 clusters
• The star formation histories of early-type galaxies: insights from the rest-frame ultra-violet
• Optical (VRI) Photometry in the Field of the Galaxy Cluster AC 118 at z=0.31
• Host Galaxy Evolution in Radio-Loud AGN
• Data and 2D scaling relations for galaxies in Abell 1689: a hint of size evolution at z~0.2
• Relaxed blue ellipticals: accretion-driven stellar growth is a key evolutionary channel for low mass elliptical galaxies
• Multi-object spectroscopy of low redshift EIS clusters. III. Properties of optically selected clusters
• Stromgren Photometry from z=0 to z~1. The Method
• AGN-selected clusters as revealed by weak lensing
• Measuring the total infrared light from galaxy clusters at z=0.5-1.6: connecting stellar populations to dusty star formation
• Superclustering of Faint Galaxies in the Field of a QSO Concentration at z~1.1
• Quantifying Morphological Evolution from Low to High Redshifts
• Clustering of red-sequence galaxies in the fourth data release ofthe Kilo-Degree Survey
• Galaxy Evolution in the Environment of ABCG 209
• Synthesizing Stellar Populations in South Pole Telescope Galaxy Clusters: I. Ages of Quiescent Member Galaxies at 0.3 < z < 1.4
• Identifying the progenitors of present-day early-type galaxies in observational surveys: correcting `progenitor bias' using the Horizon-AGN simulation
• The bright galaxy population of five medium redshift clusters. I. Color-Magnitude Relation, Blue Fractions and Visual Morphology
• Tests of the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey from Confirmation Observations for the ESO Distant Cluster Survey
• GTC Observations of an Overdense Region of LAEs at z=6.5
• The Rest-frame $H$-band Luminosity Function of Red Sequence Galaxies in Clusters at $1.0<z<1.3$
• Cooling Flow Star Formation and the Apparent Stellar Ages of Elliptical Galaxies
• A Radio-to-millimeter Census of Star-forming Galaxies in Protocluster 4C~23.56 at z = 2.5 : Global and local gas kinematics
• Discovering Large-Scale Structure at $2<z<5$ in the C3VO Survey
• RCS043938-2904.9: A New Rich Cluster of Galaxies at z=0.951
• Stellar populations of massive elliptical galaxies in very rich clusters
• The Galaxy Populations of Double Cluster RX J1053.7+5735 at z=1.13
• Low X-Ray Luminosity Galaxy Clusters. II. Optical properties and morphological content at 0.18 < z < 0.70
• Luminous early-type field galaxies at z ~ 0.4 - II. Star-formation history and space density
• Detection of 20-30 Mpc-scale Galaxy Structures Embedded in 100 Mpc-scale Structures of Quasars and MgII Absorbers at z~0.8 and z~1.2
• On the Origin of the Scatter in the Red Sequence: An Analysis of Four CLASH Clusters
• Feedback Processes in Early-Type Galaxies
• Star Formation in High-Redshift Cluster Ellipticals
• The colour-magnitude relations of ClJ1226.9+3332, a massive cluster of galaxies at z=0.89
• UV Imaging of the Galaxy Cluster CL0939+4713 (Abell 851) at z=0.41
• The optical-near-infrared colour of the host galaxies of BL Lacertae objects
• Discovery of an overdensity of faint red galaxies in the vicinity of the z=1.786 radio galaxy 3C 294
• Order statistics of the early-type galaxy luminosity function
• Photometric validation of a model independent procedure to extract galaxy clusters
• The abundance and colours of galaxies in high redshift clusters in the cold dark matter cosmology
• Cosmological interpretation of the color-magnitude diagrams of galaxy clusters
• Signature of cool cores in SZ clusters: a multiwavelength approach
• The most massive galaxies in clusters are already fully grown at $z\sim 0.5$
• Early-Type Galaxies: Elliptical and S0 Galaxies, or Fast and Slow Rotators
• Photometric Properties of Galaxy Population in the Cluster EIS 0048-2942 at z~0.64
• Evolution of Star Formation in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey Field - II. Star Formation as a Function of Stellar Mass Between z=1.46 and z=0.63
• The extreme synchronicity of stellar ages of red galaxies in the JKCS041 cluster at z=2.2
• Internal kinematics of spiral galaxies in distant clusters. Part II. Observations and data analysis
• Homogeneity of early--type galaxies across clusters
• The red sequence of Abell X-ray underluminous clusters
• New spectroscopic confirmations of high-redshift galaxy clusters
• Galaxy clusters and their outskirts: the "red sequence", star formation rate, stellar mass
• A Search for Massive Galaxy Population in a Protocluster of LAEs at $z=2.39$ near the Radio Galaxy 53W002
• Homogeneity of Stellar Populations in Early-Type Galaxies with Different X-ray Properties
• MACS J0553.4-3342: A young merging galaxy cluster caught through the eyes of Chandra and HST
• The build-up of the red sequence in the Hercules cluster
• The Evolution of Radio Galaxies and X-ray Point Sources in Coma Cluster Progenitors Since z~1.2
• Color, spectral and morphological transformations of galaxies in clusters
• UV--NIR Restframe Luminosity Functions of the Galaxy Cluster EIS0048 at z~0.64
• Using bright ellipticals as dark energy cosmic clocks
• Cluster Populations in Abell 2125 and 2218
• On the Nature of the EIS Candidate Clusters: Confirmation of z<0.6 candidates
• Spitzer's View of the Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC)
• COSMOS-Web galaxy groups: Evolution of red sequence and quiescent galaxy fraction
• Clash of Titans: The Impact of Cluster Mergers in the Galaxy Cluster Red Sequence
• Probing the evolution of early-type galaxies using multi-colour number counts and redshift distributions
• Age, Metallicity and Star Formation History of Cluster Galaxies at z~0.3 F
• A study on the multicolour evolution of Red Sequence galaxy populations: insights from hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytical models
• How Galaxies Disguise Their Ages
• Galaxy clusters in the CFHTLS. First matched filter candidate catalogue of the Deep fields
• Even redder than we knew: color and $A_{\mathrm{V}}$ evolution up to $z=2.5$ from JWST/NIRCam photometry
• The formation and evolution of field massive galaxies
• Structure and mass distribution of spiral galaxies at intermediate redshifts
• Multi-object spectroscopy of low-redshift EIS clusters IV. Reliability of matched-filter results at z~0.3-0.4
• SG1120-1202: Mass-Quenching as Tracked by UV Emission in the Group Environment at z=0.37
• Excursions into the Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Clusters
• The $K_s$-band luminosity function of the rich cluster VC04 in the Vela supercluster
• Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the merging cluster of galaxies PLCK G036.7+14.9
• The K-selected Butcher-Oemler Effect
• Halo detection via large-scale Bayesian inference
• Stellar Populations at Large Redshifts
• The Colour-Magnitude Relation of Early-Type Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field
• Observing Cluster Galaxies and their Progenitors with JDEM
• Panchromatic Studies of Distant Clusters of Galaxies
• Clustering around radio galaxies at z~1.5