NIR spectroscopic observation of massive galaxies in the protocluster at z = 3.09

Abstract

We present the results of near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the $K$-band selected candidate galaxies in the protocluster at $z=3.09$ in the SSA22 field. We observed 67 candidates with $K_{\mathrm{AB}}<24$ and confirmed redshifts of the 39 galaxies at $2.0<z_{\mathrm{spec}}<3.4$. Of the 67 candidates, 24 are certainly protocluster members with $3.04\le z_{\mathrm{spec}}\le 3.12$, which are massive red galaxies those have been unidentified in previous optical observations of the SSA22 protocluster. Many distant red galaxies (DRGs; $J-K_{\mathrm{AB}}>1.4$), hyper extremely red objects (HEROs; $J-K_{\mathrm{AB}}>2.1$), {\it Spitzer} MIPS 24 $\mu$m sources, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as well as the counterparts of Ly$\alpha$ blobs and the AzTEC/ASTE 1.1-mm sources in the SSA22 field are also found to be the protocluster members. The mass of the SSA22 protocluster is estimated to be $\sim 2-5\times 10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$ and this system is plausibly a progenitor of the most massive clusters of galaxies in the current Universe. The reddest ($J-K_{\mathrm{AB}}\ge 2.4$) protocluster galaxies are massive galaxies with $M_{\mathrm{star}}\sim 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$ showing quiescent star formation activities and plausibly dominated by old stellar populations. Most of these massive quiescent galaxies host moderately luminous AGNs detected by X-ray. There are no significant differences in the [O{\footnotesize III}] $\lambda$5007/H$\beta$ emission line ratios, and [O{\footnotesize III}] $\lambda$5007 line widths and spatial extents of the protocluster galaxies from those of massive galaxies at $z\sim 2-3$ in the general field.

11 pages, 8 Figures; accepted for publication on ApJ

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