M/L and Color Evolution for A Deep Sample of M* Cluster Galaxies at z~1: The Formation Epoch and the Tilt of the Fundamental Plane

Abstract

We have measured velocity dispersions for a sample of 36 galaxies with J < 21.2 or Mr < -20.6 mag in MS1054-03, a massive cluster of galaxies at z = 0.83. Our data are of uniformly high quality down to our selection limit, our 16-hour exposures typically yielding errors of only δ(dispersion)~10% for L* and fainter galaxies. By combining our measurements with data from the literature, we have 53 cluster galaxies with measured dispersions, and HST/ACS-derived sizes, colors and surface brightnesses. This sample is complete for the typical L* galaxy at z~1, unlike most previous z~1 cluster samples which are complete only for the massive cluster members (>1e11 M_sun). We find no evidence for a change in the tilt of the fundamental plane (FP). Nor do we find evidence for evolution in the slope of the color-dispersion relation and M/L_B-dispersion relations; measuring evolution at a fixed dispersion should minimize the impact of size evolution found in other work. The M/L_B at fixed dispersion evolves by Δlog10 M/L_B=-0.50 +/- 0.03 between z=0.83 and z=0.02 or d(log10 M/L_B)=-0.60 +/- 0.04 dz, and we find Δ(U-V)_z=-0.24 +/- 0.02 mag at fixed dispersion in the rest-frame, matching the expected evolution in M/L_B within 2.25 standard deviations. The implied formation redshift from both the color and M/L_B evolution is z*=2.0 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.3 (sys), during the epoch in which the cosmic star-formation activity peaked, with the systematic uncertainty showing the dependence of z* on the assumptions we make about the stellar populations. The lack of evolution in either the tilt of the FP or in the M/L- and color-dispersion relations imply that the formation epoch depends weakly on mass, ranging from z*=2.3 +1.3 -0.3 at 300 km/s to z*=1.7 +0.3 -0.2 at 160 km/s and implies that the IMF similarly varies slowly with galaxy mass.

arXiv commentrevised; typos corrected, references updated, and other cosmetic changes to meet ApJ format ApJ accepted, 22 pages in emulate ApJ format, 8 color figures, 1 b/w figure

References in corpus (82)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies
• Lyman Break Galaxies at z>4 and the Evolution of the UV Luminosity Density at High Redshift
• The Star Formation History of Field Galaxies
• Nearly 5000 Distant Early-Type Galaxies in COMBO-17: a Red Sequence and its Evolution since z~1
• The Stellar Population Histories of Early-Type Galaxies. II. Controlling Parameters of the Stellar Populations
• Optimal Techniques in Two-dimensional Spectroscopy: Background Subtraction for the 21st Century
• The Stellar Population Histories of Local Early-Type Galaxies. I. Population Parameters
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters
• The Fundamental Plane for cluster E and S0 galaxies
• The Evolution of the Global Stellar Mass Density at 0 < z < 3
• Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation
• The initial mass function of early-type galaxies
• The Morphology - Density Relation in z ~ 1 Clusters
• Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the SDSS: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-sigmaV relations
• Early-type galaxies in the SDSS. III. The Fundamental Plane
• A JavaScript Passive Evolution Calculator
• The Fundamenal Plane in CL0024 at z=0.4: Implications for the Evolution of the Mass-to-Light Ratio
• Clusters of Galaxies in the First Half of the Universe from the IRAC Shallow Survey
• The Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Density, Color, and Stellar Mass Density of the Universe from z=0 to z=3
• Recent Structural Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies: Size Growth from z=1 to z=0
• NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey -- II. Age and Metallicity along the Red Sequence
• The Assembly History of Field Spheroidals: Evolution of Mass-to-light Ratios and Signatures of Recent Star Formation
• Evidence of Cosmic Evolution of the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• The Dead Sequence: A Clear Bimodality in Galaxy Colors from z=0 to z=2.5
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters II: Internal Kinematics of 55 Galaxies in the z=0.33 Cluster CL1358+62
• Keck Spectroscopy of distant GOODS Spheroidal Galaxies: Downsizing in a Hierarchical Universe
• Dark Matter Contraction and the Stellar Content of Massive Early-type Galaxies: Disfavoring "Light" Initial Mass Functions
• Early-type galaxies in the SDSS. IV. Colors and chemical evolution
• Mass-to-Light Ratios of Field Early-Type Galaxies at z~1 from Ultra-Deep Spectroscopy: Evidence for Mass-dependent Evolution
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in Galaxy Clusters at z ~1 from the ACS Intermediate Redshift Cluster Survey
• Evolution and environment of early-type galaxies
• The Fundamental Plane at z=1.27: First Calibration of the Mass Scale of Red Galaxies at Redshifts z>1
• The Assembly of Galaxy Clusters
• The luminosity and stellar mass Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies
• Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters: The Fundamental Plane using HST Imaging and Keck Spectroscopy
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters III.: M/L_V Ratios in the z=0.33 Cluster CL1358+62
• The Detection of a Red Sequence of Massive Field Galaxies at z~2.3 and its Evolution to z~0
• Dissecting the Red Sequence--I. Star Formation Histories of Quiescent Galaxies: The Color-Magnitude vs. the Color-Sigma Relation
• The Star Formation Epoch of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• Dust-obscured star formation and AGN fuelling in hierarchical models of galaxy evolution
• Dissecting the Red Sequence--II. Star Formation Histories of Early-Type Galaxies Throughout the Fundamental Plane
• The Dependence of Star Formation Rates on Stellar Mass and Environment at z~0.8
• Clusters at Half Hubble Time: Galaxy Structure and Colors in RXJ0152.7-1357 and MS1054-03
• Central mass-to-light ratios and dark matter fractions in early-type galaxies
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey IX: Evolution of the Fundamental Plane of Field Galaxies
• The stellar population histories of early-type galaxies. III. The Coma Cluster
• Luminosity Evolution of Field Early-Type Galaxies to z=0.55
• The Formation of Massive Cluster Galaxies
• Galaxy Assembly Bias on the Red Sequence
• The Fundamental Plane of Field Early Type Galaxies at z=1
• The Fundamental Plane of Cluster Ellipticals at z = 1.25
• Evolution in the Color-Magnitude Relation of Early-Type Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies at z~=1
• Mass-Selection and the Evolution of the Morphology-Density Relation from z=0.8 to z=0
• The detailed Fundamental Plane of two high redshift clusters: MS 2053-04 at z=0.58 and MS 1054-03 at z=0.83
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters I.: Surface Photometry and Structural Parameters for 53 Galaxies in the z=0.33 Cluster CL1358+62
• A Keck Spectroscopic Survey of MS1054-03 (z=0.83): Forming the Red Sequence
• The Nascent Red Sequence at z~2
• On the Assembly History of Early-Type Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North
• The Fundamental Plane for z=0.8-0.9 cluster galaxies
• Multiaperture $UBVRIzJHK$ Photometry of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• Probing recent star formation with absorption-line strengths in hierarchical models and observations
• Comparing Dynamical and Photometric Mass Estimates of Low- and High-Redshift Galaxies: Random and Systematic Uncertainties
• The Fundamental Plane and the evolution of the M/L ratio of early-type field galaxies up to z~1
• Line Strengths in Early-Type Cluster Galaxies at z=0.33: Implications for alpha/Fe, Nitrogen and the Histories of E/S0s
• SPIDER - III. Environmental Dependence of the Fundamental Plane of Early-type Galaxies
• The Evolution of Balmer Absorption Line Strengths in E/S0 Galaxies from z=0 to z=0.83
• Dynamical Models of Elliptical Galaxies in z=0.5 Clusters: II. Mass-to-Light Ratio Evolution without Fundamental Plane Assumptions
• The Ellipticities of Cluster Early-type Galaxies from z~1 to z~0: No Evolution in the Overall Distribution of Bulge-to-Disk Ratios
• Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics of Field Early-Type Galaxies at z=1: Evolution of the Rotation Rate
• Evolution in the Cluster Early-type Galaxy Size-Surface Brightness Relation at z =~ 1
• Star Formation Histories in a Cluster Environment at z~0.84
• Abundance ratios in red-sequence galaxies over a wide mass range: The "X-planes" for magnesium, calcium, carbon and nitrogen
• Population Synthesis Models for Late Build-Up of the Red Sequence
• A Wide-Field Study of the z~0.8 Cluster RX J0152.7-1357: the Role of Environment in the Formation of the Red-Sequence
• The Density and Spectral Energy Distributions of Red Galaxies at z~3.7
• The Role of Environment on the Formation of Early-Type Galaxies
• The Possible z=0.83 Precursors of z=0 M* Early-type Cluster Galaxies
• Dynamical Models of Elliptical Galaxies in z=0.5 Clusters: I. Data-Model Comparison and Evolution of Galaxy Rotation
• The evolution of the scatter of the cosmic average color-magnitude relation: Demonstrating consistency with the ongoing formation of elliptical galaxies

Cited by in corpus (37)

• Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
• The VLT LEGA-C Spectroscopic Survey: The Physics of Galaxies at a Lookback Time of 7 Gyr
• The Assembly Histories of Quiescent Galaxies Since z=0.7 from Absorption Line Spectroscopy
• The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies From Absorption Line Spectroscopy. I. Data and Empirical Trends
• Confirmation of Enhanced Dwarf-sensitive Absorption Features in the Spectra of Massive Elliptical Galaxies: Further Evidence for a Non-universal Initial Mass Function
• Understanding the Structural Scaling Relations of Early-Type Galaxies
• Tight Correlations Between Massive Galaxy Structural Properties and Dynamics: The Mass Fundamental Plane Was in Place by z~2
• Stellar populations and evolution of early-type cluster galaxies: Constraints from optical imaging and spectroscopy of z=0.5-0.9 galaxy clusters
• A constant limiting mass scale for flat early-type galaxies from z=1 to z=0: density evolves but shapes do not
• Deep Luminosity Functions and Colour-Magnitude Relations for Cluster Galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.6
• Velocity Dispersion, Size, Sérsic Index and $D_{n}4000$: The Scaling of Stellar Mass with Dynamical Mass for Quiescent Galaxies
• Stellar mass-to-light ratio gradients in galaxies: correlations with mass
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population and structural trends across the Fundamental Plane
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) I: The fundamental plane and the formation ages of cluster galaxies at redshift $1.4<z<1.6$
• A low-scatter survey-based mass proxy for clusters of galaxies
• Secondary infall model and dark matter scaling relations in intermediate redshift early - type galaxies
• One Plane for All: Massive Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies Lie on the Same Mass Fundamental Plane at z~0 and z~0.7
• The Cosmic Evolution of the IMF Under the Jeans Conjecture with Implications for Bottom-Heavy Ellipticals
• The Role of Dissipation in the Scaling Relations of Cosmological Merger Remnants
• The Fundamental Plane in the LEGA-C Survey: unraveling the $M/L$ variations of massive star-forming and quiescent galaxies at $z\sim 0.8$
• The Fundamental Plane of massive quiescent galaxies out to z~2
• The Relation between Dynamical Mass-to-Light Ratio and Color for Massive Quiescent Galaxies out to z~2 and Comparison with Stellar Population Synthesis Models
• Stellar Velocity Dispersion for a Strongly-Lensed, Intermediate-Mass Quiescent Galaxy at z=2.8
• Modeling the red sequence: Hierarchical growth yet slow luminosity evolution
• The $z<1.2$ optical luminosity function from a sample of $\sim 410000$ galaxies in bootes
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) III: fundamental plane of cluster galaxies at $z\simeq 1.80$ in JKCS 041
• The Stellar Mass Fundamental Plane and Compact Quiescent Galaxies at z < 0.6
• Data and 2D scaling relations for galaxies in Abell 1689: a hint of size evolution at z~0.2
• The Fundamental Plane of cluster spheroidal galaxies at z$\sim 1.3$. Evidence for mass-dependent evolution
• A common origin for the Fundamental Plane of quiescent and star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
• Tightly coupled morpho-kinematic evolution for massive star-forming and quiescent galaxies across 7 Gyr of cosmic time
• The most massive galaxies in clusters are already fully grown at $z\sim 0.5$
• The Fundamental Plane in the hierarchical context
• The scaling relations of galaxies back in time: the road toward virialization
• A new framework for understanding the evolution of early-type galaxies
• The Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project: Environment Effects on the Stellar Populations in the Lynx Clusters at z=1.27
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei