Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters: The Fundamental Plane using HST Imaging and Keck Spectroscopy

Abstract

We present new results on the Fundamental Plane of galaxies in two rich clusters, Cl1358+62 at $z=0.33$ and MS2053--04 at $z=0.58$, based on Keck and HST observations. Our new data triple the sample of galaxies with measured Fundamental Plane parameters at intermediate redshift. The early-type galaxies in these clusters define very clear Fundamental Plane relations, confirming an earlier result for Cl0024+16 at $z=0.39$. This large sample allows us to estimate the scatter reliably. We find it to be low, at 0.067 dex in $\log r_e$, or 17% in re, similar to that observed in comparable low redshift clusters. This suggests that the structure of the older galaxies has changed little since $z=0.58$. The $M/L_V$ ratios of early-type galaxies clearly evolve with redshift; the evolution is consistent with $\Delta \log M/L_V\sim -0.3z$. The $M/L_V$ ratios of two E+A galaxies in Cl1358+62 are also lower by a factor of $\sim 3$, consistent with the hypothesis that they underwent a starburst 1 Gyr previously. We conclude that the Fundamental Plane can therefore be used as a sensitive diagnostic of the evolutionary history of galaxies. Our data, when compared to the predictions of simple stellar population models, imply that the oldest cluster galaxies formed at high redshift ($z>2$). We infer a different evolutionary history for the E+A galaxies, in which a large fraction of stars formed at $z<1$. Larger samples spanning a larger redshift range are needed to determine the influence of starbursts on the general cluster population.

11 pages, AASTeX LaTeX, including two figures, with color plate also available at http://www.ucolick.org/~kelson/FP/home.html; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

Cited by in corpus (110)

• Differential Galaxy Evolution in Cluster and Field Galaxies at z=0.3
• The Atlas3D project - XX. Mass-size and mass-sigma distributions of early-type galaxies: bulge fraction drives kinematics, mass-to-light ratio, molecular gas fraction and stellar initial mass function
• A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection I: The Algorithm
• Massive Dark-matter halos and Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=1
• Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation
• Detailed Mass Map of CL0024+1654 from Strong Lensing
• The Fundamental Scaling Relations of Elliptical Galaxies
• The evolution of the galactic morphological types in clusters
• GRAPE-SPH Chemodynamical Simulation of Elliptical Galaxies I: Evolution of Metallicity Gradients
• A JavaScript Passive Evolution Calculator
• HST Photometry and Keck Spectroscopy of the Rich Cluster MS1054-03: Morphologies, Butcher-Oemler Effect and the Color-Magnitude Relation at z=0.83
• The Sloan-Lens ACS Survey II: stellar populations and internal structure of early-type lens galaxies
• The Optical Properties of Gravitational Lens Galaxies as a Probe of Galaxy Structure and Evolution
• The Structure and Dynamics of Luminous and Dark Matter in the Early-Type Lens Galaxy of 0047-281 at z=0.485
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters II: Internal Kinematics of 55 Galaxies in the z=0.33 Cluster CL1358+62
• Luminosity Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=0.83: Constraints on Formation Epoch and Omega
• A Pair of Lensed Galaxies at z=4.92 in the Field of CL1358+62
• Keck Spectroscopy of distant GOODS Spheroidal Galaxies: Downsizing in a Hierarchical Universe
• The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. VII. Elliptical Galaxy Scaling Laws from Direct Observational Mass Measurements
• A comparison of the galaxy populations in the Coma and distant clusters: the evolution of k+a galaxies and the role of the intracluster medium
• Hubble Space Telescope weak lensing study of the z=0.83 cluster MS 1054-03
• The Fundamental Plane of Gravitational Lens Galaxies and The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Low Density Environments
• The Color-Magnitude Relation in CL 1358+62 at z=0.33: Evidence for Significant Evolution in the S0 Population
• Weak homology of elliptical galaxies
• The evolution of field early-type galaxies to z~0.7
• The Fundamental Plane at z=1.27: First Calibration of the Mass Scale of Red Galaxies at Redshifts z>1
• Gradients of Absorption Line Strengths in Elliptical Galaxies
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey X: Number Density and Luminosity Function of Field E/S0 Galaxies at z < 1
• The Cluster and Field Galaxy AGN Fraction at z = 1 to 1.5: Evidence for a Reversal of the Local Anticorrelation Between Environment and AGN Fraction
• The Evolution and Structure of Early-type Field Galaxies: A Combined Statistical Analysis of Gravitational Lenses
• The Evolution of a Mass-Selected Sample of Early-Type Field Galaxies
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters III.: M/L_V Ratios in the z=0.33 Cluster CL1358+62
• The K Band Luminosity Function in Galaxy Clusters to z ~ 1
• Optical Rotation Curves of Distant Field Galaxies: Sub-L* Systems
• Morphological number-count and redshift distributions to I < 26 from the Hubble Deep Field: Implications for the evolution of Ellipticals, Spirals and Irregulars
• The Star Formation Epoch of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• Redshifts of the Gravitational Lenses B1422+231 and PG1115+080
• The Nature of E+A Galaxies in Intermediate Redshift Clusters
• ROSAT-SDSS Galaxy Clusters Survey. I. The Catalog and the correlation of X-ray and optical properties
• Constraints on the Early Formation of Field Elliptical Galaxies
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey IX: Evolution of the Fundamental Plane of Field Galaxies
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the CFRS and LDSS Redshift Surveys---III. Field elliptical galaxies at 0.2 < z < 1.0
• The Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei in Clusters of Galaxies to Redshift 1.3
• An Infrared Einstein Ring in the Gravitational Lens PG 1115+080
• Exploring Cluster Ellipticals as Cosmological Standard Rods
• Dissecting the Red Sequence - III. Mass-to-Light Variations in 3D Fundamental Plane Space
• The properties of field elliptical galaxies at intermediate redshift. III: the Fundamental Plane and the evolution of stellar populations from z~0.4 to z=0
• Ages of S0 and elliptical galaxies in the Coma cluster
• Luminosity Evolution of Field Early-Type Galaxies to z=0.55
• Spectroscopy of clusters in the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS)
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey VII: The Metallicity of Field Galaxies at 0.26<z<0.82 and the Evolution of the Luminosity-Metallicity Relation
• A Study of Nine High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies: IV. Photometry and Sp ectra of Clusters 1324+3011 and 1604+4321
• The evolution of cluster E and S0 galaxies measured from the Fundamental Plane
• Spectroscopy of clusters in the ESO distant cluster survey (EDisCS).II. Redshifts, velocity dispersions, and substructure for clusters in the last 15 fields
• The detailed Fundamental Plane of two high redshift clusters: MS 2053-04 at z=0.58 and MS 1054-03 at z=0.83
• Studying The Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Clusters from Composite Spectra
• Morphology of galaxies in the WINGS clusters
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters I.: Surface Photometry and Structural Parameters for 53 Galaxies in the z=0.33 Cluster CL1358+62
• A combined re-analysis of existing blank-field SCUBA surveys: comparative 850-micron source lists, combined number counts, and evidence for strong clustering of the bright sub-mm galaxy population
• Uncovering Additional Clues to Galaxy Evolution. II. The Environmental Impact of the Virgo Cluster on the Evolution of Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
• The Core Structure of Galaxy Clusters from Gravitational Lensing
• Resolving Quiescent Galaxies at $z\gtrsim 2$: I. Search for Gravitationally Lensed Sources and Characterization of their Structure, Stellar Populations, and Line Emission
• HST large field weak lensing analysis of MS 2053-04: study of the mass distribution and mass-to-light ratio of X-ray selected clusters at 0.22<z<0.83
• Line Strengths in Early-Type Cluster Galaxies at z=0.33: Implications for alpha/Fe, Nitrogen and the Histories of E/S0s
• Galaxy Morphologies in the Cluster CL1358+62 at z=0.33
• New Constraints on the Luminosity Evolution of Spheroidal Galaxies in Distant Clusters
• What Fraction of Gravitational Lens Galaxies Lie in Groups?
• On the Invariant Distribution of Galaxies in the re--mie plane out to z = 0.64
• The Evolution of Balmer Absorption Line Strengths in E/S0 Galaxies from z=0 to z=0.83
• Velocity Dispersion, Size, Sérsic Index and $D_{n}4000$: The Scaling of Stellar Mass with Dynamical Mass for Quiescent Galaxies
• Antibias in Clusters: The Dependence of M/L on Cluster Temperature
• M/L and Color Evolution for A Deep Sample of M* Cluster Galaxies at z~1: The Formation Epoch and the Tilt of the Fundamental Plane
• The early-type galaxy population in Abell 2218
• The Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei in Clusters of Galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey
• Caltech Faint Galaxy Redshift Survey VIII: Analysis for the Field J0053+1234
• On the evolutionary status of early-type galaxies in clusters at z~0.2 - I. The Fundamental Plane
• GRAPE-SPH Chemodynamical Simulation of Elliptical Galaxies II: Scaling Relations and the Fundamental Plane
• Evolution in the Cluster Early-type Galaxy Size-Surface Brightness Relation at z =~ 1
• Fossil groups origins II. Unveiling the formation of the brightest group galaxies through their scaling relations
• "Fundamental-Plane"-Like Relations From Collisionless Stellar Dynamics: A Comparison of Mergers and Collapses
• The Kormendy Relation for early-type galaxies. Dependence on the magnitude range
• The Group Evolution Multiwavelength Study (GEMS): the Sample and Datasets
• Strong-Lensing Analysis of MS 1358.4+6245: New Multiple Images and Implications for the Well-Resolved z=4.92 Galaxy
• The Faber-Jackson relation for early-type galaxies: Dependence on the magnitude range
• Toward Understanding the origin of the Fundamental Plane for Early-Type Galaxies
• Fundamental galaxy parameters for radio-loud AGN and the black hole - radio power connection
• Discovery of an Overdensity of Lyman-alpha Emitters Around a $\mathrm{z}\sim 4$ QSO with the Large Binocular Telescope
• Constraints On the Size Evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• The Fundamental Plane for early-type galaxies. Dependence on the magnitude range
• Evidence for Two Distinct Stellar Initial Mass Functions
• Early-type Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. The <mu_e>-r_e relation and the lack of large galaxies at high redshift
• The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale XII. The Discovery of Cepheids and a New Distance to NGC 2541
• The Mg-sigma Relation and the Genesis of Early-Type Galaxies
• Cluster Galaxy Evolution from a New Sample of Galaxy Clusters at 0.3 < z < 0.9
• Clues on Regularity in the Structure and Kinematics of Elliptical Galaxies from Self-consistent Hydrodynamical Simulations: the Dynamical Fundamental Plane
• A deep cluster survey in Chandra archival data. First results
• Evolution of the Fundamental Plane of 0.2<z<1.2 Early-type galaxies in the EGS
• A Steep Slope and Small Scatter for the High-Mass End of the L-$\sigma$ Relation at $z\sim 0.55$
• The intrinsic dispersion of the Faber-Jackson relation for early-type galaxies as function of the mass and redshift
• On the use of scaling relations for the Tolman test
• Formation and Evolution of E and S0 Galaxies from HST and Keck Studies of z~0.3-1 Clusters
• The Tully-Fisher Relation in Cluster Cl0024+1654 at z=0.4
• The scaling relations of early--type galaxies in clusters I. Surface photometry in seven nearby clusters
• Color, spectral and morphological transformations of galaxies in clusters
• Catalog of Galaxy Morphology in Four Rich Clusters: Luminosity Evolution of Disk Galaxies at 0.33<z<0.83
• Cl 1103.7-1245 at z=0.96: the highest redshift galaxy cluster in the EDisCS survey
• On the Origin of S0 Galaxies
• Structure and mass distribution of spiral galaxies at intermediate redshifts
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Clustering around radio galaxies at z~1.5