The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Evolution of the Color-Density Relation at 0.4 < z < 1.35

Abstract

Using a sample of 19,464 galaxies drawn from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey, we study the relationship between galaxy color and environment at 0.4 < z < 1.35. We find that the fraction of galaxies on the red sequence depends strongly on local environment out to z > 1, being larger in regions of greater galaxy density. At all epochs probed, we also find a small population of red, morphologically early-type galaxies residing in regions of low measured overdensity. The observed correlations between the red fraction and local overdensity are highly significant, with the trend at z > 1 detected at a greater than 5-σlevel. Over the entire redshift regime studied, we find that the color-density relation evolves continuously, with red galaxies more strongly favoring overdense regions at low z relative to their red-sequence counterparts at high redshift. At z ~ 1.3, the red fraction only weakly correlates with overdensity, implying that any color dependence to the clustering of ~ L* galaxies at that epoch must be small. Our findings add weight to existing evidence that the build-up of galaxies on the red sequence has occurred preferentially in overdense environments (i.e., galaxy groups) at z < 1.5. The strength of the observed evolutionary trends at 0 < z < 1.35 suggests that the correlations observed locally, such as the morphology-density and color-density relations, are the result of environment-driven mechanisms (i.e., "nurture'') and do not appear to have been imprinted (by "nature'') upon the galaxy population during their epoch of formation.

19 pages including 10 figures, accepted to MNRAS

References in corpus (74)

• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• The many lives of active galactic nuclei: cooling flows, black holes and the luminosities and colours of galaxies
• The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Spectra and redshifts
• How Do Galaxies Get Their Gas?
• Mass function of dark matter halos
• New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
• Color Separation of Galaxy Types in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data
• Quantifying the bimodal color-magnitude distribution of galaxies
• The Environmental Dependence of the Relations between Stellar Mass, Structure, Star Formation and Nuclear Activity in Galaxies
• Nearly 5000 Distant Early-Type Galaxies in COMBO-17: a Red Sequence and its Evolution since z~1
• Analytic model for galaxy and dark matter clustering
• Virial shocks in galactic haloes?
• Evolution since z = 0.5 of the Morphology-Density relation for Clusters of Galaxies
• Halo occupation numbers and galaxy bias
• The bimodal galaxy color distribution: dependence on luminosity and environment
• Constraining Galaxy Formation and Cosmology with the Conditional Luminosity Function of Galaxies
• Relationship between environment and the broad-band optical properties of galaxies in the SDSS
• Black Holes in Galaxy Mergers: Evolution of Quasars
• The Evolution of Early-Type Galaxies in Distant Clusters
• Estimating Fixed Frame Galaxy Magnitudes in the SDSS
• Science Objectives and Early Results of the DEEP2 Redshift Survey
• Galaxy ecology: groups and low-density environments in the SDSS and 2dFGRS
• The COMBO-17 Survey: Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function from 25,000 Galaxies with 0.2<z<1.2
• The Homogeneity of Spheroidal Populations in Distant Clusters
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey - First epoch VVDS-Deep survey: 11564 spectra with 17.5<=IAB<=24, and the redshift distribution over 0< z <=5
• The Morphology - Density Relation in z ~ 1 Clusters
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Galaxy Luminosity Function to z ~ 1
• IRAC Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Hubble Deep Field South: Star Formation Histories and Stellar Masses of Red Galaxies at z>2
• A wide field Hubble Space Telescope study of the cluster CL0024+16 at z=0.4. I: morphological distributions to 5 Mpc radius
• The Spatial Clustering of Star-forming Galaxies at Redshifts 1.4<z<3.5
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Galaxy luminosity functions per spectral type
• The evolution of the star formation activity in galaxies and its dependence on environment
• Morphological studies of the galaxy populations in distant "Butcher-Oemler" clusters with HST. II. AC103, AC118 and AC114 at z=0.31
• A JavaScript Passive Evolution Calculator
• HST Photometry and Keck Spectroscopy of the Rich Cluster MS1054-03: Morphologies, Butcher-Oemler Effect and the Color-Magnitude Relation at z=0.83
• The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey: Evolution of the galaxy luminosity function up to z=2 in first epoch data
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Relationship Between Galaxy Properties and Environment at z ~ 1
• Star Formation in Cluster Galaxies at 0.2<z<0.55
• Evolution Since z=1 of the Morphology-density Relation of Galaxies
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: galaxy clustering per spectral type
• Spectroscopic Identification of Massive Galaxies at z~2.3 with Strongly Suppressed Star Formation
• The Vimos VLT Deep Survey: Stellar mass segregation and large-scale galaxy environment in the redshift range 0.2<z<1.4
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Clustering of Galaxies in Early Data
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: The build-up of the colour-density relation
• Evolution and Color-Dependence of the Galaxy Angular Correlation Function: 350,000 Galaxies in 5 Square Degrees
• Near-IR bright galaxies at z~2. Entering the spheroid formation epoch ?
• The DEEP Groth Strip Galaxy Redshift Survey. III. Redshift Catalog and Properties of Galaxies
• Spectroscopic Properties of Void Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Measuring Galaxy Environments with Deep Redshift Surveys
• Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of RDCS1252.9-2927, A Massive Cluster at z=1.24
• Galaxies in SDSS and DEEP2: a quiet life on the blue sequence?
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Clustering of Quasars and Galaxies at z=1
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Clustering of Galaxies as a Function of Luminosity at z=1
• Detection of strong clustering of red K-selected galaxies at 2<z_phot<4 in the Hubble Deep Field South
• The Clustering of Massive Halos
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude relation in High-Redshift Clusters: Early-type Galaxies in the Lynx Supercluster at z~1.26
• Clustering of K-selected Galaxies at 2<z<3.5: Evidence for a Color-Density Relation
• The scale-dependence of relative galaxy bias: encouragement for the halo model description
• The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey - The evolution of galaxy clustering per spectral type to z~1.5
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in High-Redshift Clusters: Blue Early-Type Galaxies and Red Pairs in RDCS J0910+5422
• Massive and Red Objects predicted by a semianalytical model of galaxy formation
• Deep BVR photometry of the Chandra Deep Field South from the COMBO-17 survey
• XMM-LSS discovery of a z=1.22 galaxy cluster
• Constraining evolution in the Halo Model using galaxy redshift surveys
• A large population of galaxies 9 to 12 billion years back in the history of the Universe
• Mock Catalogs for the DEEP2 redshift survey
• The Morphological Demographics of galaxies in the ACS Hubble Ultra Deep Parallel Fields
• Strong Spatial Clustering of UV-selected Galaxies with Magnitude Ks<20.5 and Redshift Z~2
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey. I. The Sample
• The Dependence of Galaxy Colors on Luminosity and Environment at z~0.4
• The CFHT Legacy Survey: The Morphology-Density Relation of Galaxies out to Z~1
• The evolution of the bi-modal colour distribution of galaxies in SDSS groups

Cited by in corpus (171)

• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Design, Observations, Data Reduction, and Redshifts
• Galaxy evolution in groups and clusters: satellite star formation histories and quenching timescales in a hierarchical Universe
• Ubiquitous outflows in DEEP2 spectra of star-forming galaxies at z=1.4
• PRIMUS: Constraints on Star Formation Quenching and Galaxy Merging, and the Evolution of the Stellar Mass Function From z=0-1
• Galaxy evolution in groups and clusters: star formation rates, red sequence fractions, and the persistent bimodality
• The Importance of Satellite Quenching for the Build-Up of the Red Sequence of Present Day Galaxies
• A Stellar Mass Threshold for Quenching of Field Galaxies
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: II. Formation of Red Ellipticals
• The Gemini Cluster Astrophysics Spectroscopic Survey (GCLASS): The Role of Environment and Self-Regulation in Galaxy Evolution at z ~ 1
• The accretion of galaxies into groups and clusters
• Molecular Hydrogen and Global Star Formation Relations in Galaxies
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Role of Galaxy Environment in the Cosmic Star-Formation History
• HST and Spitzer imaging of red and blue galaxies at z~2.5: A correlation between size and star formation activity from compact quiescent galaxies to extended star forming galaxies
• The Galaxy Content of SDSS Clusters and Groups
• Mergers in Lambda-CDM: Uncertainties in Theoretical Predictions and Interpretations of the Merger Rate
• A Wide-field Survey of Two Z~0.5 Galaxy Clusters: Identifying the Physical Processes Responsible for the Observed Transformation of Spirals into S0s
• Ejective and preventative: the IllustrisTNG black hole feedback and its effects on the thermodynamics of the gas within and around galaxies
• The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Impact of Environment on the Size Evolution of Massive Early-type Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in Galaxy Clusters at z ~1 from the ACS Intermediate Redshift Cluster Survey
• The spin and orientation of dark matter halos within cosmic filaments
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two Massive Red-Sequence-Selected Galaxy Clusters at z ~ 1.2 in the SpARCS-North Cluster Survey
• The ALHAMBRA Project: A large area multi medium-band optical and NIR photometric survey
• Effect of local environment and stellar mass on galaxy quenching and morphology at $0.5<z<2.0$
• Galaxies in X-ray Groups I: Robust Membership Assignment and the Impact of Group Environments on Quenching
• The relation between star formation, morphology and local density in high redshift clusters and groups
• An Integrated Picture of Star Formation, Metallicity Evolution, and Galactic Stellar Mass Assembly
• Tracing the Star Formation-Density Relation to z~2
• Taking Care of Business in a Flash: Constraining the Timescale for Low-Mass Satellite Quenching with ELVIS
• The Role of Environment in the Mass-Metallicity Relation
• The density field of the 10k zCOSMOS galaxies
• A Comparative Study of Density Field Estimation for Galaxies: New Insights into the Evolution of Galaxies with Environment in COSMOS out to z~3
• Where do Wet, Dry, and Mixed Galaxy Mergers Occur? A Study of the Environments of Close Galaxy Pairs in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey
• What Does Clustering Tell Us About the Buildup of the Red Sequence?
• The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): The morphological content and enviromental dependence of the galaxy color-magnitude relation at z~0.7
• The ALMaQUEST Survey: The molecular gas main sequence and the origin of the star forming main sequence
• Deconstructing the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function with UKIDSS and CANDELS: the Impact of Colour, Structure and Environment
• The Arizona CDFS Environment Survey (ACES): A Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopic Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South
• Hot gas in massive halos drives both mass quenching and environment quenching
• The surprising inefficiency of dwarf satellite quenching
• The Angular Clustering of Distant Galaxy Clusters
• Combined Effects of Galaxy Interactions and Large-Scale Environment on Galaxy Properties
• Specific star-formation and the relation to stellar mass from 0<z<2 as seen in the far-infrared at 70 and 160mu
• Pre-processing of galaxies in cosmic filaments around AMASCFI clusters in the CFHTLS
• How is Star Formation Quenched in Massive Galaxies?
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: Emerging from the Dark, a Massive Proto-Cluster at z~4.57
• zCOSMOS 20k: Satellite galaxies are the main drivers of environmental effects in the galaxy population at least to z~0.7
• Assessing Colour-dependent Occupation Statistics Inferred from Galaxy Group Catalogues
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Protocluster at $z=3.37$ with a High Fraction of Quiescent Galaxies
• The Star Formation Rate-Density Relation at 0.6<z<0.9 and the Role of Star Forming Galaxies
• The Pan-STARRS1 Medium-Deep Survey: The role of galaxy group environment in the star formation rate versus stellar mass relation and quiescent fraction out to $z\sim 0.8$
• Galaxy Assembly Bias on the Red Sequence
• The Growth of Red Sequence Galaxies in a Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulation
• Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ~ 2
• Observations of environmental quenching in groups in the 11 Gyr since z=2.5: different quenching for central and satellite galaxies
• The zCOSMOS survey: the role of the environment in the evolution of the luminosity function of different galaxy types
• AEGIS: The Nature of the Host Galaxies of Low-ionization Outflows at z < 0.6
• Evidence for strong evolution in galaxy environmental quenching efficiency between z = 1.6 and z = 0.9
• Modelling and interpreting the dependence of clustering on the spectral energy distributions of galaxies
• Triggered Star Formation in Galaxy Pairs at z=0.08-0.38
• Simulating Subhalos at High Redshift: Merger Rates, Counts, and Types
• ZFIRE: A KECK/MOSFIRE Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxies in Rich Environments at z~2
• The Evolution of Environmental Quenching Timescales to $z\sim 1.6$
• The Physical Origins of The Morphology-Density Relation: Evidence for Gas Stripping from the SDSS
• Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence of Absence: The Color-Density Relation at Fixed Stellar Mass Persists to z ~ 1
• Clustering properties of BzK-selected galaxies in GOODS-N: environmental quenching and triggering of star formation at z ~ 2
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Environments of Poststarburst Galaxies at z~0.1 and z~0.8
• The Rise of Massive Red Galaxies: the color-magnitude and color-stellar mass diagrams for z < ~2 from the MUltiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC)
• Galaxy morphology, kinematics and clustering in a hydrodynamic simulation of a LambdaCDM universe
• The Assembly of the Red Sequence at z~1: The Color and Spectral Properties of Galaxies in the Cl1604 Supercluster
• CANDELS Observations of the Environmental Dependence of the Color-Mass-Morphology Relation at z = 1.6
• STAGES: the Space Telescope A901/2 Galaxy Evolution Survey
• How does galaxy environment matter? The relationship between galaxy environments, colour and stellar mass at 0.4 < z < 1 in the Palomar/DEEP2 survey
• The evolution of the galaxy Red Sequence in simulated clusters and groups
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Inside-out vs. outside-in quenching in different local environments
• The zCOSMOS 10k-sample: the role of galaxy stellar mass in the colour-density relation up to z=1
• Stellar Kinematics and Structural Properties of Virgo Cluster Dwarf Early-Type Galaxies from the SMAKCED Project II. The Survey and a Systematic Analysis of Kinematic Anomalies and Asymmetries
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: The reversal of the star-formation rate $-$ density relation at $2<z<5$
• The GOGREEN survey: The environmental dependence of the star-forming galaxy main sequence at $1.0<z<1.5$
• GASP XVII. HI imaging of the jellyfish galaxy JO206: gas stripping and enhanced star formation
• Persistence of the Color-Density Relation and Efficient Environmental Quenching to $z\sim 1.4$
• The Gas-Phase Metallicity of Central and Satellite Galaxies in the SDSS
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Protocluster at z=3.786
• Star formation history of galaxies from z=0 to z=0.7 A backward approach to the evolution of star-forming galaxies
• Dust-Obscured Star-Formation in Intermediate Redshift Galaxy Clusters
• Witnessing the assembly at z=1.6 of a galaxy cluster (GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - V)
• Chronos and Kairos: Mosfire Observations of Post-Starburst Galaxies in z~1 Clusters and Groups
• Spatially Resolved Galaxy Star Formation and its Environmental Dependence I
• Measuring galaxy environments in large scale photometric surveys
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Voronoi-Delaunay Method catalog of galaxy groups
• Exploring the Diversity of Groups at 0.1<z<0.8 with X-ray and Optically Selected Samples
• Beyond halo mass: quenching galaxy mass assembly at the edge of filaments
• A Comprehensive Study of Large Scale Structures in the GOODS-SOUTH Field up to z \sim 2.5
• The Deep SWIRE Field. IV. First properties of the sub-mJy galaxy population: redshift distribution, AGN activity and star formation
• The enhancement of rapidly quenched galaxies in distant clusters at 0.5<z<1.0
• Star Formation Quenching Timescale of Central Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The decline of cosmic star formation: quenching, mass, and environment connections
• The impact of a major cluster merger on galaxy evolution in MACS\,J0025.4-1225
• Red star-forming and blue passive galaxies in clusters
• The Large-Scale Environments of Type Ia Supernovae: Evidence for a Metallicity Bias in the Rate or Luminosity of Prompt Ia Events
• PRIMUS: One- and Two-Halo Galactic Conformity at $0.2<z<1$
• Morphologies of Galaxies in and around a Protocluster at z=2.300
• Star Formation Histories in a Cluster Environment at z~0.84
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: the group catalogue
• The Environmental Dependence of Properties of Galaxies around the RDCSJ0910+54 Cluster at z=1.1
• Galaxy Environments in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS)
• The Color Bimodality in Galaxy Clusters since z = 0.9
• Hierarchical Structure Formation and Modes of Star Formation in Hickson Compact Group 31
• A Wide-Field Study of the z~0.8 Cluster RX J0152.7-1357: the Role of Environment in the Formation of the Red-Sequence
• Evidence of Environmental Quenching at Redshift z ~ 2
• The Clustering and Host Halos of Galaxy Mergers at High Redshift
• Individual and Group Galaxies in CNOC1 clusters
• Evidence for Morphology and Luminosity Transformation of Galaxies at High Redshifts
• The nature of red dwarf galaxies
• HR-Cosmos: Kinematics of Star-Forming Galaxies at z $\sim$ 0.9
• The Mass Dependance of Satellite Quenching in Milky Way-like Halos
• Reconstructing the galaxy density field with photometric redshifts: I. Methodology and validation on stellar mass functions
• Candidate Clusters of Galaxies at $z>1.3$ Identified in the Spitzer SPT Deep Field Survey
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Red Sequence AGN Fraction and its Environment and Redshift Dependence
• The SPLASH survey: Quiescent galaxies are more strongly clustered but are not necessarily located in high-density environments
• Evolution of star formation rate-density relation over cosmic time in a simulated universe: the observed reversal reproduced
• Halo Occupation Distribution Modeling of Green Valley Galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Timescales for galaxies crossing the green valley
• X-ray AGN in the XMM-LSS galaxy clusters: no evidence of AGN suppression
• HST/WFC3 grism observations of $z\sim 1$ clusters: Evidence for rapid outside-in environmental quenching from spatially resolved H$\alpha$ maps
• The red and blue galaxy populations in the GOODS field: evidence for an excess of red dwarfs
• Overdensities of SMGs around WISE-selected, ultra-luminous, high-redshift AGN
• Implications of the Environments of Radio-detected AGN in a Complex Protostructure at z$\sim$3.3
• Measures of Galaxy Environment - III. Difficulties in identifying proto-clusters at z ~ 2
• Star Formation Activities of Galaxies in the Large-Scale Structures at z=1.2
• Evolution of Group Galaxies from the First Red-Sequence Cluster Survey
• Searching for Environmental Effects on Galaxy Kinematics in Groups and Clusters at z~1 from the ORELSE Survey
• The GOGREEN Survey: Constraining the Satellite Quenching Timescale in Massive Clusters at $\mathbf{z}\gtrsim 1$
• Red Misfits in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Properties of Star-forming Red Galaxies
• X-ray Groups of Galaxies at 0.5<z<1 in zCOSMOS: Increased AGN Activities in High Redshift Groups
• Shaping physical properties of galaxy subtypes in the VIPERS survey: environment matters
• Abell 2384: the galaxy population of a cluster post-merger
• The effect of environment on star formation activity and morphology at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in CANDELS
• The evolution of star formation activity in galaxy groups
• Improved Mock Galaxy Catalogs for the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey from Subhalo Abundance and Environment Matching
• The Pan-STARRS1 Medium-deep Survey: Star Formation Quenching in Group and Cluster Environments
• H-ATLAS/GAMA and HeViCS - Dusty Early-Type Galaxies in Different Environments
• When the Well Runs Dry: Modeling Environmental Quenching of High-mass Satellites in Massive Clusters at \boldmath$z\gtrsim 1$
• Comparison of the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey with the Munich semi-analytical model. II. The colour-density relation up to z=1.5
• The Clustering of Extremely Red Objects
• Galaxy Luminosity Function of Dynamically Young Abell 119 Cluster: Probing the Cluster Assembly
• The evolution of the density of galaxy clusters and groups: denser environments at higher redshifts
• Detection of anisotropic satellite quenching in galaxy clusters up to $z\sim 1$
• Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam revisits the large-scale environmental dependence on galaxy morphology over 360 deg${}^2$ at z=0.3-0.6
• OMEGA - OSIRIS Mapping of Emission-line Galaxies in A901/2: III. - Galaxy Properties Across Projected Phase Space in A901/2
• Can We Detect the Color-Density Relation with Photometric Redshifts?
• The Clowes-Campusano Large Quasar Group Survey: I. GALEX selected sample of LBGs at z$\sim$1
• A systematic search for galaxy protocluster cores at the transition epoch of their star formation activity
• Environments of red nuggets at z~0.7 from the VIPERS survey
• Constraining quenching timescales in galaxy clusters by forward-modelling stellar ages and quiescent fractions in projected phase space
• Segregation effects in DEEP2 galaxy groups
• The Properties of Type Ia Supernova Host Galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Pre-processing of Galaxies in the Early Stages of Cluster Formation in Abell 1882 at $z$=0.139
• Star Formation Properties of Sloan Digital Sky Survey BOSS Void Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• The Evolution of Cluster Early-Type Galaxies over the Past 8 Gyr
• Void Probability Function of Simulated Surveys of high-redshift Lyman-Alpha Emitters
• Fast Forward Modelling of Galaxy Spatial and Statistical Distributions
• A direct measurement of hierarchical growth in galaxy groups since z~1
• Eight luminous early-type galaxies in nearby pairs and sparse groups I. Stellar populations spatially analysed
• The Nature of Star Formation at 24 microns in the Group Environment at 0.3 < z < 0.55
• Central star formation in an early-type galaxy I~Zw~81 in the Bootes void
• The environments of the radio galaxy population in SIMBA
• Disentangling the Dynamical Mechanisms for Cluster Galaxy Evolution
• The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: Galaxy Evolution at 0.25 < z < 0.75 Using The Second Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (RCS-2)
• Energetic constraints to chemo-photometric evolution of spiral galaxies
• Environmental dependence of different colors in the CMASS sample of the SDSS DR9
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey. The different assembly history of passive and star-forming L_B >= L*_B galaxies in the group environment at z < 1