Can Early Type Galaxies Evolve from Fading the Disks of Late Types?

Abstract

We examine whether early-type galaxies in clusters may have evolved from later types by the fading of their disks (e.g., as a result of ram-pressure stripping or strangulation) or by enhancement of the bulge luminosity (e.g., due to tidal interactions and mergers). For this purpose, we compare the bulge and disk luminosities of early- and late-type galaxies and of galaxies at different radial distances from the cluster center. We find that, in order for early-type galaxies, including S0s, to have evolved from late-type galaxies, their bulge luminosities must have been physically enhanced. Disk fading models cannot explain the differences observed. We then show that galaxy bulges are systematically brighter at small projected distances from the cluster center, while disk luminosities are uncorrelated with cluster-centric distance. Our results suggest that bulge enhancement, not disk fading, distinguishes early from late types and is thus at least partially responsible for the morphology-environment relation of bright cluster galaxies.

arXiv comment20 pages, including 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (15)

• Evolution since z = 0.5 of the Morphology-Density relation for Clusters of Galaxies
• The Origin of Star Formation Gradients in Rich Galaxy Clusters
• The Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Distant Clusters
• A Spectroscopic Catalog of 10 Distant Rich Clusters of Galaxies
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey II. Hubble Space Telescope Structural Parameters of Galaxies in the Groth Strip
• Optical Mass Estimates of Galaxy Clusters
• Passive spiral formation from halo gas starvation: Gradual transformation into S0s
• Morphological studies of the galaxy populations in distant "Butcher-Oemler" clusters with HST. II. AC103, AC118 and AC114 at z=0.31
• Unequal-mass galaxy mergers and the creation of cluster S0 galaxies
• E+A Galaxies and the Formation of Early Type Galaxies at z~0
• Galaxy Luminosity Functions from Deep Spectroscopic Samples of Rich Clusters
• The Galaxy Populations of X-Ray Detected, Poor Groups
• Do clusters contain a large population of dwarf galaxies?
• The luminosity functions and stellar masses of galactic disks and spheroids
• The U-band Galaxy Luminosity Function of Nearby Clusters

Cited by in corpus (73)

• Environmental Effects on Late-Type Galaxies in Nearby Clusters
• Galaxy Zoo: the dependence of morphology and colour on environment
• Physical properties and environments of nearby galaxies
• Multicomponent Decompositions for a Sample of S0 galaxies
• The STAGES view of red spirals and dusty red galaxies: Mass-dependent quenching of star-formation in cluster infall
• The Tully-Fisher relations of early-type spiral and S0 galaxies
• A Wide-field Survey of Two Z~0.5 Galaxy Clusters: Identifying the Physical Processes Responsible for the Observed Transformation of Spirals into S0s
• The strong transformation of spiral galaxies infalling into massive clusters at z~0.2
• Transformation from spirals into S0s with bulge growth in groups of galaxies
• The fate of spiral galaxies in clusters: the star formation history of the anemic Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4569
• The Different Physical Mechanisms that Drive the Star-Formation Histories of Giant and Dwarf Galaxies
• LoCuSS: The steady decline and slow quenching of star formation in cluster galaxies over the last four billion years
• Star Formation in Ram Pressure Stripped Tails
• The Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Function of Cluster Galaxies at z<0.8 and the Assembly of the Cluster Red Sequence
• The Tully-Fisher relation for S0 galaxies
• The Near-infrared S0 Survey III: Morphology of 15 Southern Early-type Disk Galaxies
• Galaxy Colour, Morphology, and Environment in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Las Campanas/AAT Rich Cluster Survey III: Spectroscopic Studies of X-ray Bright Galaxy Clusters at z~0.1
• The Stellar Populations of Stripped Spiral Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Formation Sequence of S0 Galaxies
• The Relation Between Galaxy Morphology and Environment in the Local Universe: An RC3-SDSS Picture
• Early-type galaxies at z = 1.3. I. The Lynx supercluster: cluster and groups at z=1.3. Morphology and color-magnitude relation
• Kinematics and Stellar Populations of Low-Luminosity Early-Type Galaxies in the Abell 496 Cluster
• The Environmental Dependence of the Evolving S0 Fraction
• Dissecting the Red Sequence: The Bulge and Disc Colours of Early-Type Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• Shapley Supercluster Survey: Ram-Pressure Stripping vs. Tidal Interactions in the Shapley Supercluster
• Disentangling Morphology, Star Formation, Stellar Mass, and Environment in Galaxy Evolution
• A constant limiting mass scale for flat early-type galaxies from z=1 to z=0: density evolves but shapes do not
• Red Star Forming Galaxies and Their Environment at z=0.4 Revealed by Panoramic H-alpha Imaging
• The GALEX/S4G Surface Brightness and Color Profiles Catalog - I. Surface Photometry and Color Gradients of Galaxies
• Evidence of pre-processing and a dependence on dynamical state for low-mass satellite galaxies
• S0 galaxies in Fornax: data and kinematics
• Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers. Evolution in the Tully-Fisher relation since $z\sim 1$
• Massive Galaxies are Larger in Dense Environments: Environmental Dependence of Mass-Size Relation of Early-Type Galaxies
• Testing the nature of S0 galaxies using planetary nebula kinematics in NGC 1023
• Shapley Supercluster Survey (ShaSS): Galaxy Evolution from Filaments to Cluster Cores
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Satellite galaxies undergo little structural change during their quenching phase
• Colours of Bulges and Discs within Galaxy Clusters and the Signature of Disc Fading on Infall
• The effect of the environment on the gas kinematics and the structure of distant galaxies
• HI Observations of Five Groups of Galaxies
• Ram pressure and dusty red galaxies - key factors in the evolution of the multiple cluster system Abell 901/902
• Stellar population gradients in Fornax Cluster S0 galaxies: connecting bulge and disk evolution
• Formation of S0s in extreme environments I: clues from kinematics and stellar populations
• Evolution along the sequence of S0 Hubble types induced by dry minor mergers. I - Global bulge-to-disk structural relations
• Preprocessing Among the Infalling Galaxy Population of EDisCS Clusters
• S0 galaxies in the Coma cluster: Environmental dependence of the S0 offset from the Tully-Fisher relation
• The effect of environment on the structure of disc galaxies
• HST/WFC3 grism observations of $z\sim 1$ clusters: evidence for evolution in the mass-size relation of quiescent galaxies from poststarburst galaxies
• Frequency of Tidal Features Correlates with Age and Internal Structure of Early-type Galaxies
• Caught in the act: Cluster `k+a' galaxies as a link between spirals and S0s
• Disc colours in field and cluster spiral galaxies at 0.5 < z < 0.8
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: bulge and disk stellar population properties in cluster galaxies
• Galaxies in X-ray Groups. III. Satellite Color and Morphology Transformations
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The role of disc fading and progenitor bias in kinematic transitions
• Satellite quenching and morphological transformation of galaxies in groups and clusters
• Tidal Interactions and Mergers in Intermediate Redshift EDisCS Clusters
• Galaxy evolution by color-log(n) type since redshift unity in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations
• The transformation and quenching of simulated gas-rich dwarf satellites within a group environment
• Resolved Stellar Mass Maps of Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Evidence for Mass Dependency in Environmental Quenching
• Imprints of the large-scale structure on AGN formation and evolution
• The Local Cluster Survey II: Disk-Dominated Cluster Galaxies with Suppressed Star Formation
• Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Stellar Population Profiles of Early-type Galaxies
• Comparing galaxy disk and star-formation properties in X-ray bright and faint groups and clusters
• ACCESS IV: The quenching of star formation in a cluster population of dusty S0s
• A Search for Young Stars in the S0 Galaxies of a Super-Group at z=0.37
• The Spatially Resolved Dynamics of Dusty Starburst Galaxies in a z ~ 0.4 Cluster: Beginning the Transition from Spirals to S0s
• The role of E+A and post-starburst galaxies - II. Spectral energy distributions and comparison with observations
• New constraints on red-spiral galaxies from their kinematics in clusters of galaxies
• The Most Massive Early-type Galaxies Exhibit Tidal Features More Frequently in Lower-density Environments
• Stellar populations in the bulges of S0s and the formation of S0 galaxies
• Understanding the transformation of spirals to lenticulars
• Testing the key role of the stellar mass-halo mass relation in galaxy merger rates and morphologies via DECODE, a novel Discrete statistical sEmi-empiriCal mODEl