The Tully-Fisher relations of early-type spiral and S0 galaxies

Abstract

We demonstrate that the comparison of Tully-Fisher relations (TFRs) derived from global HI line widths to TFRs derived from the circular velocity profiles of dynamical models (or stellar kinematic observations corrected for asymmetric drift) is vulnerable to systematic and uncertain biases introduced by the different measures of rotation used. We therefore argue that to constrain the relative locations of the TFRs of spiral and S0 galaxies, the same tracer and measure must be used for both samples. Using detailed near-infrared imaging and the circular velocities of axisymmetric Jeans models of 14 nearby edge-on Sa-Sb spirals and 14 nearby edge-on S0s drawn from a range of environments, we find that S0s lie on a TFR with the same slope as the spirals, but are on average 0.53+/-0.15 mag fainter at Ks-band at a given rotational velocity. This is a significantly smaller offset than that measured in earlier studies of the S0 TFR, which we attribute to our elimination of the bias associated with using different rotation measures and our use of earlier type spirals as a reference. Since our measurement of the offset avoids systematic biases, it should be preferred to previous estimates. A spiral stellar population in which star formation is truncated would take ~1 Gyr to fade by 0.53 mag at Ks-band. If S0s are the products of a simple truncation of star formation in spirals, then this finding is difficult to reconcile with the observed evolution of the spiral/S0 fraction with redshift. Recent star formation could explain the observed lack of fading in S0s, but the offset of the S0 TFR persists as a function of both stellar and dynamical mass. We show that the offset of the S0 TFR could therefore be explained by a systematic difference between the total mass distributions of S0s and spirals, in the sense that S0s need to be smaller or more concentrated than spirals.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 17 pages; v2 incorporates minor proof corrections and updated references

References in corpus (26)

• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• K-corrections and filter transformations in the ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared
• Concentration, Spin and Shape of Dark Matter Haloes as a Function of the Cosmological Model: WMAP1, WMAP3 and WMAP5 results
• A primer on hierarchical galaxy formation: the semi-analytical approach
• Measuring the inclination and mass-to-light ratio of axisymmetric galaxies via anisotropic Jeans models of stellar kinematics
• Evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars I. Updated synthetic TP-AGB models and their basic calibration
• The cold gaseous halo of NGC 891
• The population of barred galaxies in the local universe I. Detection and characterisation of bars
• A Revised Model for the Formation of Disk Galaxies: Low Spin and Dark-Halo Expansion
• Scaling Relations of Spiral Galaxies
• The Tully-Fisher Relation and Its Residuals for a Broadly Selected Sample of Galaxies
• The mass distribution in early-type disk galaxies: declining rotation curves and correlations with optical properties
• K-Band Observations of Boxy Bulges. I. Morphology and Surface Brightness Profiles
• IMAGES-III: The evolution of the Near-Infrared Tully-Fisher relation over the last 6 Gyr
• A First Attempt to Calibrate the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation with Gas Dominated Galaxies
• The shape of the dark matter halo in the early-type galaxy NGC 2974
• The Tully-Fisher relation for S0 galaxies
• Dark and Baryonic Matter in Bright Spiral Galaxies: II. Radial Distributions for 34 Galaxies
• Bars, ovals and lenses in early-type disk galaxies: probes of galaxy evolution
• The Milky Way Rotation Curve and its Vertical Derivatives Inside the Solar Circle
• The high mass end of the Tully-Fisher relation
• Structure and Kinematics of Molecular Disks in Fast-Rotator Early-Type Galaxies
• Testing the nature of S0 galaxies using planetary nebula kinematics in NGC 1023
• The hierarchical build-up of the Tully-Fisher relation
• The planets capture model of V838 Monocerotis: conclusions for the penetration depth of the planet/s
• The link between the masses and central stellar populations of S0 galaxies

Cited by in corpus (160)

• Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
• The Atlas3D project - XX. Mass-size and mass-sigma distributions of early-type galaxies: bulge fraction drives kinematics, mass-to-light ratio, molecular gas fraction and stellar initial mass function
• The Atlas3D project -- IV: the molecular gas content of early-type galaxies
• Direct Oxygen Abundances for Low Luminosity LVL Galaxies
• A Revised Parallel-Sequence Morphological Classification of Galaxies: Structure and Formation of S0 and Spheroidal Galaxies
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): mass-size relations of z$<$0.1 galaxies subdivided by Sérsic index, colour and morphology
• Angular momentum and galaxy formation revisited
• Nebular Emission Line Ratios in z~2-3 Star-Forming Galaxies with KBSS-MOSFIRE: Exploring the Impact of Ionization, Excitation, and Nitrogen-to-Oxygen Ratio
• The relation between velocity dispersion and mass in simulated clusters of galaxies: dependence on the tracer and the baryonic physics
• On the Correlations between Galaxy Properties and Supermassive Black Hole Mass
• CHAOS I: Direct Chemical Abundances for HII Regions in NGC 628
• The SLUGGS Survey: Kinematics for over 2500 Globular Clusters in Twelve Early-type Galaxies
• Transformation from spirals into S0s with bulge growth in groups of galaxies
• Light curves of hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
• Recalibration of the virial factor and M-sigma relation for local active galaxies
• Measuring the Physical Conditions in High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies: Insights from KBSS-MOSFIRE
• NuSTAR discovery of a luminosity dependent cyclotron line energy in Vela X-1
• The Fundamental Plane of Damped Lyman Alpha Systems
• Empirical Isochrones for Low Mass Stars in Nearby Young Associations
• The Assembly History of Disk Galaxies: I - The Tully-Fisher Relation to z~1.3 from Deep Exposures with DEIMOS
• CHAOS II: Gas-Phase Abundances in NGC 5194
• The gas-to-extinction ratio and the gas distribution in the Galaxy
• The evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation between z~2.3 and z~0.9 with KMOS^3D
• VLT/VIMOS integral field spectroscopy of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies: 2D kinematic properties
• A Study in Blue: The Baryon Content of Isolated Low Mass Galaxies
• Galaxy bulges and their massive black holes: a review
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. I. $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{sph}}$
• Star Formation Relations in the Milky Way
• The Metallicities of Low Stellar Mass Galaxies and the Scatter in the Mass-Metallicity Relation
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Towards a unified dynamical scaling relation for galaxies of all types
• An Extremely Luminous and Variable Ultraluminous X-ray Source in the Outskirts of Circinus Observed with NuSTAR
• Characterizing Dust Attenuation in Local Star Forming Galaxies: UV and Optical Reddening
• The cosmic evolution of dust-corrected metallicity in the neutral gas
• A Volume Limited Survey of mCP Stars Within 100pc II: Rotational and Magnetic Properties
• The XXL Survey IV. Mass-temperature relation of the bright cluster sample
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. II. $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{tot}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{disk}}$
• The far-infrared emitting region in local galaxies and QSOs: Size and scaling relations
• Dust-depletion sequences in damped Lyman-α absorbers: a unified picture from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy
• The concentration-mass relation of clusters of galaxies from the OmegaWINGS survey
• Revealing Hidden Substructures in the $M_{BH}$-$\sigma$ Diagram, and Refining the Bend in the $L$-$\sigma$ Relation
• Recalibration of the $M_{BH}-{\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation for AGN
• The Local Hole revealed by galaxy counts and redshifts
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Formation Sequence of S0 Galaxies
• A Volume-Limited Survey of mCP Stars Within 100pc I: Fundamental Parameters and Chemical Abundances
• The Atlas3D project - V. The CO Tully-Fisher relation of early-type galaxies
• Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers. Morphological properties: tidal relics, lenses, ovals, and other inner components
• Planetary Nebula Spectrograph survey of S0 galaxy kinematics. II. Clues to the origins of S0 galaxies
• Dark matter halo properties from galaxy-galaxy lensing
• Multi-height observations of magnetoacoustic cut-off frequency in a sunspot atmosphere
• VLA Radio Observations of the HST Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744: The Discovery of New Radio Relics
• The HI Tully-Fisher Relation of Early-Type Galaxies
• Present-day mass-metallicity relation for galaxies using a new electron-temperature method
• Scaling relations between black holes and their host galaxies: comparing theoretical and observational measurements, and the impact of selection effects
• The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey. IV. Baryonic Mass-Velocity-Size Relations of Massive Galaxies
• Reverberation Measurements of the Inner Radii of the Dust Tori in Quasars
• Dark halo response and the stellar initial mass function in early-type and late-type galaxies
• The MASSIVE Survey - III. Molecular gas and a broken Tully-Fisher relation in the most massive early-type galaxies
• On the influence of physical galaxy properties on Lyman-alpha escape in star-forming galaxies
• The Konus-Wind catalog of gamma-ray bursts with known redshifts. II. Waiting mode bursts simultaneously detected by Swift/BAT
• The [NII] 205 micron Emission in Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies
• A Slippery Slope: Systematic Uncertainties in the Line Width Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation
• Size matters: abundance matching, galaxy sizes, and the Tully-Fisher relation in EAGLE
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows III. The outflow size-luminosity relation
• CIV Line-Width Anomalies: The Perils of Low S/N Spectra
• Ages and abundances in large-scale stellar disks of nearby S0 galaxies
• The M_BH - sigma relation for intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters
• The KMOS Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS): The Tully-Fisher Relation at z ~ 1
• The 400d Galaxy Cluster Survey weak lensing programme: III: Evidence for consistent WL and X-ray masses at $z\approx 0.5$
• Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers. Evolution in the Tully-Fisher relation since $z\sim 1$
• Evidence for the concurrent growth of thick discs and central mass concentrations from S${}^4$G imaging
• Star-formation rates from young-star counts and the structure of the ISM across the NGC346/N66 complex in the SMC
• S0 galaxies are faded spirals: clues from their angular momentum content
• Star-forming dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster: the link between molecular gas, atomic gas, and dust
• Statistical Properties of Multi-epoch Spectral Variability of SDSS Stripe82 Quasars
• Calibrating UV Star Formation Rates for Dwarf Galaxies from STARBIRDS
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) I: The fundamental plane and the formation ages of cluster galaxies at redshift $1.4<z<1.6$
• Rotation curves and scaling relations of extremely massive spiral galaxies
• Distances of Galactic Supernova Remnants Using Red Clump Stars
• The relation between mass and concentration in X-ray galaxy clusters at high redshift
• The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph survey of S0 galaxy kinematics. Data and Overview
• The effect of the environment on the gas kinematics and the structure of distant galaxies
• Kinematics of the intermediate mass black hole candidate HLX-1
• The kinematics of massive quiescent galaxies at $1.4<z<2.1$: dark matter fractions, IMF variation, and the relation to local early-type galaxies
• Catalog of dense cores in the Orion A giant molecular cloud
• Laboratory Determination of the Infrared Band Strengths of Pyrene Frozen in Water Ice: Implications for the Composition of Interstellar Ices
• On Spectral Line Profiles in Type Ia Supernova Spectra
• The Low-High-Low Trend of Type III Radio Burst Starting Frequencies and Solar Flare Hard X-rays
• Forming Lenticular Galaxies via Violent Disk Instability
• First Observation of the Submillimeter Polarization Spectrum in a Translucent Molecular Cloud
• A Principal component analysis of the diffuse interstellar bands
• Probing the Interstellar Dust towards the Galactic Centre: Dust Scattering Halo around AX J1745.6-2901
• The AKARI 2.5-5.0 Micron Spectral Atlas of Type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei: Black Hole Mass Estimator, Line Ratio, and Hot Dust Temperature
• Defining the (Black Hole)-Spheroid Connection with the Discovery of Morphology-Dependent Substructure in the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$--${\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{sph}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$--${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{e},\mathrm{sph}}$ Diagrams: New Tests for Advanced Theories and Realistic Simulations
• Formation of S0s in extreme environments I: clues from kinematics and stellar populations
• Linking Characteristics of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Population with Galaxy Properties: A Quantitative Approach Using the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database
• HR-Cosmos: Kinematics of Star-Forming Galaxies at z $\sim$ 0.9
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: mass-kinematics scaling relations
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: a new method to estimate molecular gas surface densities from star formation rates
• The Tully-Fisher Relation of COLD GASS Galaxies
• Evolution of the Red Sequence Giant to Dwarf Ratio in Galaxy Clusters out to z ~ 0.5
• S0 galaxies in the Coma cluster: Environmental dependence of the S0 offset from the Tully-Fisher relation
• A star formation study of the ATLAS3D early-type galaxies with the AKARI all-sky survey
• The Metallicity Dependence of the HI Shielding Layers in Nearby Galaxies
• The Halo Shape and Evolution of Polar Disc Galaxies
• The Blackhole-Dark Matter Halo Connection
• Characterizing the Star Formation of the Low-Mass SHIELD Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
• Studying Inter-Cluster Galaxy Filaments Through Stacking GMBCG Galaxy Cluster Pairs
• The SAMI galaxy survey: Galaxy Interactions and Kinematic Anomalies in Abell 119
• The AT-LESS CO(1-0) survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: First results on cold molecular gas in galaxies at z ~ 2
• Testing 24 micron and Infrared Luminosity as Star Formation Tracers for Galactic Star Forming Regions
• The formation of young massive clusters triggered by cloud-cloud collisions in the Antennae Galaxies NGC 4038/NGC 4039
• Possible Evidence for Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Type Ia SNR RCW 86: Spatial Correlation between TeV Gamma rays and Interstellar Atomic Protons
• Searching for Environmental Effects on Galaxy Kinematics in Groups and Clusters at z~1 from the ORELSE Survey
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: bulge and disk stellar population properties in cluster galaxies
• Ionized gas disks in elliptical and S0 galaxies at $z<1$
• The inner mass distribution of late-type spiral galaxies from SAURON stellar kinematic maps
• M - sigma relation between SMBHs and the velocity dispersion of globular cluster systems
• The spatially-resolved gas and dust connection in neutral inflows and outflows in nearby AGN
• Unraveling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows: V. Integral-field spectroscopy of 40 moderate-luminosity Type-2 AGNs
• Supermassive black holes and their host spheroids III. The $M_{BH}-n_{sph}$ correlation
• Constraining black hole masses in low-accreting AGN using X-ray spectra
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Kinematics of Dusty Early-Type Galaxies
• The Relationship Between X-ray Luminosity and Duty Cycle for Dwarf Novae and their Specific Frequency in the Inner Galaxy
• The Tully-Fisher relation in dense groups at $z\sim 0.7$ in the MAGIC survey
• The Tully-Fisher relations for Hickson Compact Group galaxies
• The local universe in the era of large surveys. I. Spectral classification of S0 galaxies
• Formation of S0s in extreme environments III: the role of environment in the formation pathways
• Simultaneous detection and analysis of optical and ultraviolet broad emission lines in quasars at z~2.2
• The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS): Constraining diffuse Galactic radio emission in the North Celestial Pole region
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The role of disc fading and progenitor bias in kinematic transitions
• CO Tully-Fisher Relation of Star-forming Galaxies at z=0.05-0.3
• NGC 6845: metallicity gradients and star formation in a complex compact group
• The (Black Hole Mass)-(Spheroid Stellar Density) Relations: $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$--$\mu$ (and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$--$\Sigma$) and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$--$\rho$
• The chemical composition of red giants in 47 Tucanae. II. Magnesium isotopes and pollution scenarios
• The strong environmental dependence of black hole scaling relations
• Massive Galaxy Mergers Have Distinctive Global HI Profiles
• Calibrating the Planck Cluster Mass Scale with Cluster Velocity Dispersions
• Marginalised Normal Regression: Unbiased curve fitting in the presence of x-errors
• Scaling relations of z~0.25-1.5 galaxies in various environments from the morpho-kinematic analysis of the MAGIC sample
• Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant Puppis A
• The size--mass and other structural parameter ($n,{\mu }_z,R_z$) relations for local bulges/spheroids from multicomponent decompositions
• A geometric approach to non-linear correlations with intrinsic scatter
• Kinematics and physical properties of the nearby galaxy NGC 4656 and its TDG candidate
• The redshift evolution of the S0 fraction for $z<1$ in COSMOS
• BUDHIES V: The baryonic Tully-Fisher relation at z=0.2 based on direct HI detections
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XV. Planck submillimetre sources in the Virgo Cluster
• The Fundamental Manifold of spiral galaxies: ordered versus random motions and the morphology dependence of the Tully-Fisher relation
• Kinematics and Stellar Disk Modeling of Lenticular Galaxies
• Properties of radio-loud quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Measuring the black hole mass in Ultraluminous X-ray Sources with the X-ray Scaling Method
• The nature of X-ray spectral variability in MCG-6-30-15
• Scaling Relations of Mass, Velocity and Radius for Disk Galaxies
• A break in the high-redshift stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation
• Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG: III. Effects on outer kinematic structure
• Tully-Fisher Relation of Late-type Galaxies at $0.6\le z\le 2.5$
• The relationship between variable and polarized optical spectral components of luminous type 1 non-blazar quasars
• A Galactic Transformation -- Understanding the SMC's Structural and Kinematic Disequilibrium
• Rotation curves and dynamical masses of MaNGA barred galaxies
• The nature of X-ray spectral variability in SWIFT J2127.4+5654