The relation between velocity dispersion and mass in simulated clusters of galaxies: dependence on the tracer and the baryonic physics

Abstract

[Abridged] We present an analysis of the relation between the masses of cluster- and group-sized halos, extracted from $\Lambda$CDM cosmological N-body and hydrodynamic simulations, and their velocity dispersions, at different redshifts from $z=2$ to $z=0$. The main aim of this analysis is to understand how the implementation of baryonic physics in simulations affects such relation, i.e. to what extent the use of the velocity dispersion as a proxy for cluster mass determination is hampered by the imperfect knowledge of the baryonic physics. In our analysis we use several sets of simulations with different physics implemented. Velocity dispersions are determined using three different tracers, DM particles, subhalos, and galaxies. We confirm that DM particles trace a relation that is fully consistent with the theoretical expectations based on the virial theorem and with previous results presented in the literature. On the other hand, subhalos and galaxies trace steeper relations, and with larger values of the normalization. Such relations imply that galaxies and subhalos have a $\sim 10$ per cent velocity bias relative to the DM particles, which can be either positive or negative, depending on halo mass, redshift and physics implemented in the simulation. We explain these differences as due to dynamical processes, namely dynamical friction and tidal disruption, acting on substructures and galaxies, but not on DM particles. These processes appear to be more or less effective, depending on the halo masses and the importance of baryon cooling, and may create a non-trivial dependence of the velocity bias and the $\soneD$--$\Mtwo$ relation on the tracer, the halo mass and its redshift. These results are relevant in view of the application of velocity dispersion as a proxy for cluster masses in ongoing and future large redshift surveys.

13 pages, 16 figures. Minor modifications to match the version in press on MNRAS

References in corpus (14)

• The effect of photo-ionization on the cooling rates of enriched, astrophysical plasmas
• A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• The redshift dependence of the structure of massive LCDM halos
• Chemical enrichment of galaxy clusters from hydrodynamical simulations
• Virial Scaling of Massive Dark Matter Halos: Why Clusters Prefer a High Normalization Cosmology
• On the efficiency and reliability of cluster mass estimates based on member galaxies
• Constraining the Scatter in the Mass-Richness Relation of maxBCG Clusters With Weak Lensing and X-ray Data
• Simultaneous Falsification of LCDM and Quintessence with Massive, Distant Clusters
• Truncation of galaxy dark matter halos in high density environments
• The universal distribution of halo interlopers in projected phase space. Bias in galaxy cluster concentration and velocity anisotropy?
• The distribution function of dark matter in massive haloes
• Velocity distributions in clusters of galaxies
• The concentration-velocity dispersion relation in galaxy groups
• Dynamical friction force exerted on spherical bodies

Cited by in corpus (72)

• The galaxy cluster mass scale and its impact on cosmological constraints from the cluster population
• Dark matter halo properties of GAMA galaxy groups from 100 square degrees of KiDS weak lensing data
• Mass Calibration and Cosmological Analysis of the SPT-SZ Galaxy Cluster Sample Using Velocity Dispersion ${\sigma }_v$ and X-ray $Y_{\text{X}}$ Measurements
• Intracluster Light at the Frontier II: The Frontier Fields Clusters
• Velocity Bias from the Small Scale Clustering of SDSS-III BOSS Galaxies
• The Energetics and Lifetimes of Local Radio Active Galactic Nuclei
• Constraining $M_{\nu }$ with the Bispectrum II: The Total Information Content of the Galaxy Bispectrum
• Galaxy Cluster Mass Reconstruction Project: II. Quantifying scatter and bias using contrasting mock catalogues
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): The halo mass of galaxy groups from maximum-likelihood weak lensing
• Galaxy Cluster Mass Reconstruction Project: I. Methods and first results on galaxy-based techniques
• A massive blow for $\Lambda$CDM $-$ the high redshift, mass, and collision velocity of the interacting galaxy cluster El Gordo contradicts concordance cosmology
• The concentration-mass relation of clusters of galaxies from the OmegaWINGS survey
• A Model for Multi-property Galaxy Cluster Statistics
• KECK/MOSFIRE spectroscopic confirmation of a Virgo-like cluster ancestor at z=2.095
• The evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters from the Kapteyn IAC WEAVE INT Clusters Survey ($\text{KIWICS}$)
• GASP XXI. Star formation rates in the tails of galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping
• SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV
• Star-forming blue ETGs in two newly discovered galaxy overdensities in the HUDF at z=1.84 and 1.9: unveiling the progenitors of passive ETGs in cluster cores
• The Cluster-EAGLE project: velocity bias and the velocity dispersion - mass relation of cluster galaxies
• An environmental dependence of the physical and structural properties in the Hydra Cluster galaxies
• Jellyfish galaxy candidates in MACS J0717.5+3745 and thirty-nine other clusters of the DAFT/FADA and CLASH surveys
• The Role of Groups in Galaxy Evolution: compelling evidence of pre-processing out to the turnaround radius of clusters
• SPIDERS: An Overview of The Largest Catalogue of Spectroscopically Confirmed X-ray Galaxy Clusters
• A Spectroscopic Survey of the Fields of 28 Strong Gravitational Lenses: The Group Catalog
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The effect of galaxy group environment on active galactic nuclei
• Biases in galaxy cluster velocity dispersion and mass estimates in the small number of galaxies regime
• Quantifying the role of ram pressure stripping of galaxies within galaxy groups
• Weak Lensing Analysis of CODEX Clusters using Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey : Mass-Richness Relation
• Velocity Segregation and Systematic Biases In Velocity Dispersion Estimates With the SPT-GMOS Spectroscopic Survey
• Halo Properties and Mass Functions of Groups/Clusters from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR9
• Velocity segregation effects in galaxy clusters at 0.4<~z<~1.5
• Directly tracing cool filamentary accretion over >100 kpc into the interstellar medium of a quasar host at z=1
• HIFLUGCS: X-ray luminosity -- dynamical mass relation and its implications for mass calibrations with the SPIDERS and 4MOST surveys
• The Three Hundred Project: The gas disruption of infalling objects in cluster environments
• The thermalisation of massive galaxy clusters
• Comparison of hydrostatic and dynamical masses of distant X-ray luminous galaxy clusters
• Velocity dispersion of the brightest cluster galaxies in cosmological simulations
• Weak lensing magnification of SpARCS galaxy clusters
• Cosmological Information from the Small-scale Redshift Space Distortions
• SALT spectroscopic observations of galaxy clusters detected by ACT and a Type II quasar hosted by a brightest cluster galaxy
• Examining transitional galaxies to understand the role of clusters and their dynamical status in galaxy quenching
• Unveiling the internal structure of Hercules supercluster
• Dynamical analysis of clusters of galaxies from cosmological simulations
• The effect of cluster dynamical state on ram-pressure stripping
• Tracing Dark Matter Halos with Satellite Kinematics and the Central Stellar Velocity Dispersion of Galaxies
• Reconstructing Orbits of Galaxies in Extreme Regions (ROGER) II: reliability of projected phase-space in our understanding of galaxy populations
• Star formation histories of Coma Cluster galaxies matched to simulated orbits hint at quenching around first pericenter
• Probing Saraswati's heart: evaluating the dynamical state of the massive galaxy cluster A2631 through a comprehensive weak-lensing and dynamical analysis
• Constraints on Self-Interacting dark matter from relaxed galaxy groups
• On Escaping a Galaxy Cluster in an Accelerating Universe
• The dwarf galaxy population in nearby clusters from the KIWICS survey
• Cosmic evolution of the incidence of Active Galactic Nuclei in massive clusters: Simulations versus observations
• Nature and Origins of Rich Complexes of C IV Associated Absorption Lines
• Optical validation and characterisation of Planck PSZ1 sources at the Canary Islands observatories. II. Second year of ITP13 observations
• Fossil group origins XII. Large-scale environment around fossil systems
• A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): JWST Discovers an Overdensity around a Metal Absorption-selected Galaxy at $z\sim 5.5$
• Virial theorem in clusters of galaxies with MOND
• Probing the dynamical and X-ray mass proxies of the cluster of galaxies Abell S1101
• A newly identified galaxy group thanks to tidal streams of intragroup light
• Assembling a RELIC at Redshift 1: Spectroscopic Observations of Galaxies in the RELICS Cluster SPT-CLJ0615-5746
• Infall near clusters of galaxies: comparing gas and dark matter velocity profiles
• Accretion processes in the galaxy cluster Hydra A/Abell 780
• A spectroscopic survey of Abell 1703: is it a rare relaxed cluster hosting a radio halo or a usual merging system?
• Biases in the estimation of velocity dispersions and dynamical masses for galaxy clusters
• Optical/X-ray/radio view of Abell 1213: A galaxy cluster with anomalous diffuse radio emission
• Distant clusters of galaxies in the 2XMM/SDSS footprint: follow-up observations with the LBT
• The ${\mathrm{Y}}_{\mathrm{SZ},\mathrm{Planck}}-{\mathrm{Y}}_{\mathrm{SZ},\mathrm{XMM}}$ scaling relation and its difference between cool-core and non-cool-core clusters
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Two X-ray Diffuse and Massive Galaxy Clusters at Low Redshift
• RXCJ1111.6+4050 galaxy cluster: the observational evidence of a transitional fossil group
• Dissecting the strong lensing galaxy cluster MS 0440$+$0204 II. New optical spectroscopic observations in a wider area and cluster dynamical state
• Independent Evidence for earlier formation epochs of fossil groups of galaxies through the intracluster light: the case for RX J100742.53+380046.6
• Quantifying the Rarity of the Local Super-Volume