Gas thermodynamics meets galaxy kinematics: Joint mass measurements for eROSITA galaxy clusters

Abstract

The mass of galaxy clusters is a critical quantity for probing cluster cosmology and testing theories of gravity, but its measurement could be biased given assumptions are inevitable. In this paper, we employ and compare two mass proxies for galaxy clusters: thermodynamics of the intracluster medium and kinematics of member galaxies. We select 22 galaxy clusters from the cluster catalog in the first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) that have sufficient optical and near-infrared observations. We generate multi-band images in the energy range of (0.3, 7) keV for each cluster, and derive their temperature profiles, gas mass profiles and hydrostatic mass profiles using a parametric approach that does not assume dark matter halo models. With spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies collected from multiple surveys, we numerically solve the spherical Jeans equation for their dynamical mass profiles. Our results quantify the correlation between dynamical mass and line-of-sight velocity dispersion with an rms scatter of 0.14 dex. We find the two mass proxies lead to roughly the same total mass, with no observed systematic bias. As such, the ${\sigma }_8$ tension is not specific to hydrostatic mass or weak lensing shears, but also appears with galaxy kinematics. We also compare our hydrostatic masses with the latest weak lensing masses inferred with scaling relations. The comparison shows the weak lensing mass is significantly higher than our hydrostatic mass by $\sim$110%. This might explain the significantly larger value of ${\sigma }_8$ from the latest measurement using eRASS1 clusters than almost all previous estimates in the literature. Finally, we test the radial acceleration relation (RAR) established in disk galaxies. We confirm the missing baryon problem in the inner region of galaxy clusters using three independent mass proxies for the first time.

14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, with 12-page appendix for additional figures and tables. Accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (61)

• The Sixteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
• zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS redshift survey covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS field
• The eROSITA X-ray telescope on SRG
• Concentration, Spin and Shape of Dark Matter Haloes as a Function of the Cosmological Model: WMAP1, WMAP3 and WMAP5 results
• The Radial Acceleration Relation in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
• Structural Properties of Pseudo-Bulges, Classical Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies: an SDSS Perspective
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear and Robustness to Data Calibration
• The Canadian Cluster Comparison Project: detailed study of systematics and updated weak lensing masses
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmology from Cosmic Shear and Robustness to Modeling Uncertainty
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere
• One Law To Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS): The X-ray catalog
• The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Catalog of > 4000 Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Galaxy Clusters
• The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V
• Statistics of X-ray observables for the cooling-core and non-cooling core galaxy clusters
• The relation between velocity dispersion and mass in simulated clusters of galaxies: dependence on the tracer and the baryonic physics
• On the efficiency and reliability of cluster mass estimates based on member galaxies
• The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey
• Total mass biases in X-ray galaxy clusters
• The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) Luminous Red Galaxy Survey
• A cluster finding algorithm based on the multiband identification of red sequence galaxies
• Hydrodynamic Simulation of Non-thermal Pressure Profiles of Galaxy Clusters
• KiDS-1000 catalogue: Redshift distributions and their calibration
• KiDS-1000 catalogue: Weak gravitational lensing shear measurements
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Catalog of galaxy clusters and groups
• CLASH-X: A Comparison of Lensing and X-ray Techniques for Measuring the Mass Profiles of Galaxy Clusters
• The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters
• A comprehensive catalog of dark matter halo models for SPARC galaxies
• Photometric Redshift Calibration with Self Organising Maps
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: Cosmology constraints from cluster abundances in the western Galactic hemisphere
• X-ray Group and cluster mass profiles in MOND: Unexplained mass on the group scale
• The three-year shear catalog of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey
• The Three Hundred Project: correcting for the hydrostatic-equilibrium mass bias in X-ray and SZ surveys
• KiDS-1000: cosmic shear with enhanced redshift calibration
• The Radial Acceleration Relation in CLASH Galaxy Clusters
• Calibration of bias and scatter involved in cluster mass measurements using optical weak gravitational lensing
• Andromeda XXI -- a dwarf galaxy in a low density dark matter halo
• To beta or not to beta: can higher-order Jeans analysis break the mass-anisotropy degeneracy in simulated dwarfs?
• Breaking Beta: A comparison of mass modelling methods for spherical systems
• Testing Verlinde's Emergent Gravity with the Radial Acceleration Relation
• The gravitational field of X-COP galaxy clusters
• Marriage à-la-MOND: Baryonic dark matter in galaxy clusters and the cooling flow puzzle
• CoMaLit - II. The scaling relation between mass and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal for Planck selected galaxy clusters
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Weak Gravitational Lensing by eRASS1 selected Galaxy Clusters
• Characterizing hydrostatic mass bias with Mock-X
• The X-CLASS survey: A catalogue of 1646 X-ray-selected galaxy clusters up to z$\sim$1.5
• CLUMP-3D. Three dimensional lensing and multi-probe analysis of MACS J1206.2-0847, a remarkably regular cluster
• X-ray analysis of JWST's first galaxy cluster lens SMACS J0723.3-7327
• Radial acceleration relation of galaxies with joint kinematic and weak-lensing data
• Measuring galaxy cluster mass profiles into the low acceleration regime with galaxy kinematics
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: SRG/eROSITA cross-calibration with Chandra and XMM-Newton using galaxy cluster gas temperatures
• The Effect of Adiabatic Compression on Dark Matter Halos and the Radial Acceleration Relation
• Incorporating baryon-driven contraction of dark matter halos in rotation curve fits
• Comparing different mass estimators for a large subsample of the {\it Planck}-ESZ clusters
• From spirals to lenticulars: evidence from the rotation curves and mass models of three early-type galaxies
• Comparison of hydrostatic and dynamical masses of distant X-ray luminous galaxy clusters
• A cautionary tale in fitting galaxy rotation curves with Bayesian techniques: does Newton's constant vary from galaxy to galaxy?
• The underlying radial acceleration relation
• Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relation in HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters
• A Distinct Radial Acceleration Relation across Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters