Closing the gap: Follow-up observations of peculiar dusty objects close to Sgr A* using ERIS

Abstract

Context. In addition to the supermassive black hole Sgr A*, the inner parsec of our Galactic center is home to numerous fruitful scientific habitats. One of these environments is the S cluster, which consists of two distinct populations: the main-sequence S stars and the dusty G objects. While the majority of the brightest S stars can be classified as young B stars, the G sources can be described as dusty objects whose nature is still under debate. Aims. In this work, we focus on the most prominent G objects in the S cluster and follow their Keplerian trajectory around Sgr A*. With this, we test the predictions based on almost two decades of monitoring of the direct vicinity of our central supermassive black hole using NACO and SINFONI, formerly mounted at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The goal is to increase the existing data baseline for G2/DSO, D9, and X7 to get insights into their evolution on their Keplerian trajectories. In addition, we revisit the massive Young Stellar Object (YSO) X3 and scrutinize the potential impact of its environment on this highly dynamic source. Methods. The successor to the two instruments is called ERIS and offers upgraded optics and improved properties, including an enhanced spectral resolution. We utilize the IFU mode of ERIS, called SPIFFIER. We search for the Doppler-shifted Brγ emission line to rediscover peculiar objects in the S cluster using SPIFFIER with the highest available spatial plate scale of 12.5 mas. Furthermore, we will derive the Brγ luminosity of G2/DSO to inspect the degree of its change more than ten years after the pericenter passage. If present, a decrease in the Brγ luminosity of G2/DSO on its descending part of the orbit would directly impact the direction of the debate about its nature.

9 pages + Appendix, published in A&A, press release: https://www.uni-koeln.de/en/university/news/news/news-detail/stars-defy-the-black-hole-research-in-cologne-shows-stable-orbits-around-sagittarius-a

References in corpus (41)

• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
• The Two Young Star Disks in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy: Properties, Dynamics and Formation
• Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic center supermassive black hole
• Star Formation Around Super-Massive Black Holes
• Flaring Activity of Sgr A* at 43 and 22 GHz: Evidence for Expanding Hot Plasma
• Galactic Centre stellar winds and Sgr A* accretion
• Twelve years of spectroscopic monitoring in the Galactic Center: the closest look at S-stars near the black hole
• Simulations of the formation of stellar discs in the Galactic centre via cloud-cloud collisions
• Detection of Galactic Center source G2 at 3.8 $\mu$m during periapse passage
• The Galactic Center cloud G2 and its gas streamer
• Unprecedented variability of Sgr A* in NIR
• Stellar transits across a magnetized accretion torus as a mechanism for plasmoid ejection
• Investigating the Relativistic Motion of the Stars Near the Supermassive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• S62 and S4711: Indications of a population of faint fast moving stars inside the S2 orbit -- S4711 on a 7.6 year orbit around Sgr~A*
• Simultaneous NIR/sub-mm observation of flare emission from SgrA*
• A population of dust-enshrouded objects orbiting the Galactic black hole
• Rapid Variability of Sgr A* across the Electromagnetic Spectrum
• First proper motions of thin dust filaments at the Galactic Center
• Accretion of cool stellar winds on Sgr A*: another puzzle of the Galactic Centre?
• The young stars in the Galactic Center
• Monitoring the Dusty S-Cluster Object (DSO/G2) on its Orbit towards the Galactic Center Black Hole
• The S-Star Cluster at the Center of the Milky Way: On the nature of diffuse NIR emission in the inner tenth of a parsec
• Kinematic Structure of the Galactic Center S-cluster
• The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph for the VLT
• Observation of S4716 -- a Star with a 4 yr Orbit around Sgr A*
• Dust-enshrouded star near supermassive black hole: predictions for high-eccentricity passages near low-luminosity galactic nuclei
• Monitoring dusty sources in the vicinity of Sgr A*
• Polarized near-infrared light of the Dusty S-cluster Object (DSO/G2) at the Galactic Center
• Stellar Populations in the Central 0.5 pc of Our Galaxy III: The Dynamical Sub-structures
• A binary system in the S cluster close to the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*
• A new bow-shock source with bipolar morphology in the vicinity of Sgr A*
• The apparent tail of the Galactic center object G2/DSO
• First observed interaction of the circumstellar envelope of an S-star with the environment of Sgr A*
• The Swansong of the Galactic Center Source X7: An Extreme Example of Tidal Evolution near the Supermassive Black Hole
• No Microwave Flare of Sagittarius A* around the G2 Periastron Passing
• A Semi-Analytical Line Transfer (SALT) Model III: Galactic Inflows
• X3: a high-mass Young Stellar Object close to the supermassive black hole Sgr~A*
• The Evaporating Massive Embedded Stellar Cluster IRS 13 Close to Sgr A*. II. Kinematic structure
• Candidate Young Stellar Objects in the S-cluster: The Kinematic Analysis of a Sub-population of the Low-mass G-objects close to Sgr A*
• Dynamics of star associations in an SMBH-IMBH system: The case of IRS13 in the Galactic centre
• Tidal phenomena in the Galactic Center: The curious case of X7

Cited by in corpus (1)

• A solution to the paradox of youth in the Galactic centre