paper

eRASSt J074426.3+291606: prompt accretion disc formation in a 'faint and slow' tidal disruption event

arXiv:2301.05484 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad046

Abstract

We report on multi-wavelength observations of the tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate eRASSt J074426.3+291606 (J0744), located in the nucleus of a previously quiescent galaxy at . J0744 was first detected as a new, ultra-soft X-ray source (photon index ) during the second SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS2), where it had brightened in the 0.3--2~keV band by a factor of more than 160 relative to an archival 3 upper limit inferred from a serendipitous Chandra pointing in 2011. The transient was also independently found in the optical by the Zwicky Transient Factory (ZTF), with the eRASS2 detection occurring only 20 days after the peak optical brightness, suggesting that the accretion disc formed promptly in this TDE. Continued X-ray monitoring over the following 400 days by eROSITA, NICER XTI and Swift XRT showed a net decline by a factor of 100, albeit with large amplitude X-ray variability where the system fades, and then rebrightens, in the 0.3--2~keV band by a factor 50 during an 80 day period. Contemporaneous Swift UVOT observations during this extreme X-ray variability reveal a relatively smooth decline, which persists over 400 days post-optical peak. The peak observed optical luminosity (absolute -band magnitude mag) from this transient makes J0744 the faintest optically-detected TDE observed to date. However, contrasting the known set of `faint and fast' TDEs, the optical emission from J0744 decays slowly (exponential decay timescale 120~days), making J0744 the first member of a potential new class of `faint and slow' TDEs.

17 pages, 14 figures. MNRAS accepted

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