WISDOM project -- XVIII. Molecular gas distributions and kinematics of three megamaser galaxies

Abstract

The co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) underpins our understanding of galaxy evolution, but different methods to measure SMBH masses have only infrequently been cross-checked. We attempt to identify targets to cross-check two of the most accurate methods, megamaser and cold molecular gas dynamics. Three promising galaxies are selected from all those with existing megamaser SMBH mass measurements. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) 12CO(2-1) and 230-GHz continuum observations with angular resolutions of about 0.5". Every galaxy has an extended rotating molecular gas disc and 230-GHz continuum source(s), but all also have irregularities and/or non-axisymmetric features: NGC1194 is highly inclined and has disturbed and lopsided central 12CO(2-1) emission; NGC3393 has a nuclear disc with fairly regular but patchy 12CO(2-1) emission with little gas near the kinematic major axis, faint emission in the very centre and two brighter structures reminiscent of a nuclear ring and/or spiral; NGC5765B has a strong bar and very bright 12CO(2-1) emission concentrated along two bisymmetric offset dust lanes and two bisymmetric nuclear spiral arms. 12CO(2-1) and 12CO(3-2) observations with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope are compared with the ALMA observations. Because of the disturbed gas kinematics and the impractically long integration times required for higher angular resolution observations, none of the three galaxies is suitable for a future SMBH mass measurement. Nonetheless, increasing the number of molecular gas observations of megamaser galaxies is valuable, and the ubiquitous disturbances suggest a link between large-scale gas properties and the existence of megamasers.

17 pages, 5 figures, published by MNRAS; replacement due to an update of a reference in Sect. 3.1

References in corpus (59)

• scikit-image: Image processing in Python
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
• CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
• Multi-Scale CLEAN deconvolution of radio synthesis images
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XIII. Combined Hubble constant constraints
• The Black Hole Mass, Stellar M/L, and Dark Halo in M87
• Unification of the Fundamental Plane and Super-Massive Black Holes Masses
• The Star-Forming Torus and Stellar Dynamical Black Hole Mass in the Seyfert 1 Nucleus of NGC3227
• ALMA images the many faces of the NGC1068 torus and its surroundings
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS) I. ALMA images of dusty molecular tori in Seyfert galaxies
• The central parsecs of Centaurus A: High Excitation Gas, a Molecular Disk, and the Mass of the Black Hole
• MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. XI. Spectral distributions
• The mass of the black hole in Centaurus A from SINFONI AO-assisted integral-field observations of stellar kinematics
• Circumnuclear Gas in Seyfert 1 Galaxies: Morphology, Kinematics, and Direct Measurement of Black Hole Masses
• A black-hole mass measurement from molecular gas kinematics in NGC4526
• Unravelling the mystery of the M31 bar
• The Black Hole in NGC 3379: A Comparison of Gas and Stellar Dynamical Mass Measurements with HST and Integral-Field Data
• WISDOM Project - II: Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in NGC4697
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. VI. Observations of NGC 6323
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey-XX: Molecular Gas in Nearby Hard X-ray Selected AGN Galaxies
• Triaxial orbit-based modelling of the Milky Way Nuclear Star Cluster
• Luminosity and Redshift Dependence of the Covering Factor of AGNs viewed with WISE and SDSS
• The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151: Comparison of Reverberation Mapping and Stellar Dynamical Measurements
• Prevalence of High X-ray Obscuring Columns among AGN that Host H${}_2$O Masers
• Broadband Observations of the Compton-thick Nucleus of NGC 3393
• The Parsec-scale Accretion Disk in NGC 3393
• The Photon Ring in M87*
• Revealing the intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of the dwarf galaxy NGC 404 with sub-parsec resolution ALMA observations
• The AGN fuelling/feedback cycle in nearby radio galaxies - I. ALMA observations and early results
• WISDOM Project - I: Black Hole Mass Measurement Using Molecular Gas Kinematics in NGC 3665
• Supermassive black holes in the Sbc spiral galaxies NGC 3310, NGC 4303 and NGC 4258
• Black Hole Mass Measurements of Radio Galaxies NGC 315 and NGC 4261 Using ALMA CO Observations
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project.IX. Black hole masses for three maser galaxies
• WISDOM Project - III: Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in the barred lenticular galaxy NGC4429
• A Measurement of the Black-Hole Mass in NGC 1097 using ALMA
• WISDOM Project -- X. The morphology of the molecular ISM in galaxy centres and its dependence on galaxy structure
• ORAC-DR: A generic data reduction pipeline infrastructure
• Keck Integral-Field Spectroscopy of M87 Reveals an Intrinsically Triaxial Galaxy and a Revised Black Hole Mass
• Frequency and nature of central molecular outflows in nearby star-forming disk galaxies
• Cold molecular gas and PAH emission in Seyfert galaxies
• The benchmark black hole in NGC 4258: dynamical models from high-resolution two-dimensional stellar kinematics
• Black hole mass measurement using ALMA observations of [CI] and CO emissions in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7469
• Nuclear kinematics in nearby AGN. I. An ALMA perspective on the Morphology and Kinematics of the molecular CO(2-1) emission
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI gas disc truncation and star formation of galaxies falling into the Hydra I cluster
• Supermassive black hole mass in the massive elliptical galaxy M87 from integral-field stellar dynamics using OASIS and MUSE with adaptive optics: assessing systematic uncertainties
• WISDOM Project -- VII. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in NGC 7052
• WISDOM project -- XIV. SMBH mass in the early-type galaxies NGC0612, NGC1574, and NGC4261 from CO dynamical modelling
• The MBHBM${}^{\star }$ Project -- II. Molecular Gas Kinematics in the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 3593 Reveal a Supermassive Black Hole
• An ALMA Gas-dynamical Mass Measurement of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Local Compact Galaxy UGC 2698
• Circumnuclear Molecular Gas in Megamaser Disk Galaxies NGC 4388 and NGC 1194
• ALMA imaging of the cold molecular and dusty disk in the type 2 active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy
• Black Hole Mass Measurements of Early-Type Galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 6861 Through ALMA and HST Observations and Gas-Dynamical Modeling
• Molecular gas kinematics in the nuclear region of nearby Seyfert galaxies with ALMA
• Circumnuclear Structures in Megamaser Host Galaxies
• WISDOM Project -- XV. Giant Molecular Clouds in the Central Region of the Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 5806
• WISDOM Project -- XIII. Feeding molecular gas to the supermassive black hole in the starburst AGN-host galaxy Fairall 49
• WISDOM project -- XI. Star Formation Efficiency in the Bulge of the AGN-host Galaxy NGC 3169 with SITELLE and ALMA
• Black hole mass measurement using molecular gas kinematics: what ALMA can do

Cited by in corpus (3)

• WISDOM Project -- XIX. Figures of merit for supermassive black hole mass measurements using molecular gas and/or megamaser kinematics
• Gravitational Torques from a Lopsided Young Stellar Component Sustain High Black Hole Accretion Rates in NGC 4593
• WISDOM Project -- XXVI. Cross-checking supermassive black hole mass estimates from ALMA CO gas kinematics and SINFONI stellar kinematics in the galaxy NGC 4751