The Megamaser Cosmology Project. III. Accurate Masses of Seven Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galaxies with Circumnuclear Megamaser Disks

Abstract

Observations of H${}_2$O masers from circumnuclear disks in active galaxies for the Megamaser Cosmology Project allow accurate measurement of the mass of supermassive black holes (BH) in these galaxies. We present the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) images and kinematics of water maser emission in six active galaxies: NGC~1194, NGC~2273, NGC~2960 (Mrk~1419), NGC~4388, NGC~6264 and NGC~6323. We use the Keplerian rotation curves of these six megamaser galaxies, plus a seventh previously published, to determine accurate enclosed masses within the central $\sim 0.3$ pc of these galaxies, smaller than the radius of the sphere of influence of the central mass in all cases. We also set lower limits to the central mass densities of between 0.12 and 60 $\times 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$~pc${}^{-3}$. For six of the seven disks, the high central densities rule out clusters of stars or stellar remnants as the central objects, and this result further supports our assumption that the enclosed mass can be attributed predominantly to a supermassive black hole. The seven BHs have masses ranging between 0.76 and 6.5$\times$10${}^7{M}_{\odot }$. The BH mass errors are $\approx 11$\%, dominated by the uncertainty of the Hubble constant. We compare the megamaser BH mass determination with other BH mass measurement techniques. The BH mass based on virial estimation in four galaxies is consistent with the megamaser BH mass given the latest empirical value of $⟨f⟩$, but the virial mass uncertainty is much greater. MCP observations continue and we expect to obtain more maser BH masses in the future.

18 pages, 4 figures. This paper has been submitted to ApJ. An updated version of this paper will be posted when it gets accepted

References in corpus (5)

• Precise Black Hole Masses From Megamaser Disks: Black Hole-Bulge Relations at Low Mass
• The Origin of the Intrinsic Scatter in the Relation Between Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Nearby Active Galaxies
• Toward a New Distance to the Active Galaxy NGC 4258: II. Centripetal Accelerations and Investigation of Spiral Structure
• The Parsec-scale Accretion Disk in NGC 3393
• Hydrostatic Gas Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Masses: Implications for Hydrostatic Equilibrium and Dynamical Modelling in a Sample of Early-Type Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (190)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
• A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XIII. Combined Hubble constant constraints
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey I: Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics
• The Formation and Evolution of Massive Black Holes
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• The (black hole mass)-(host spheroid luminosity) relation at high and low masses, the quadratic growth of black holes, and intermediate-mass black hole candidates
• Unification of the Fundamental Plane and Super-Massive Black Holes Masses
• The MASSIVE Survey - I. A Volume-Limited Integral-Field Spectroscopic Study of the Most Massive Early-Type Galaxies within 108 Mpc
• Low-mass black holes as the remnants of primordial black hole formation
• Do quiescent and active galaxies have different M_BH-sigma relations?
• Stellar Dynamics and Stellar Phenomena Near A Massive Black Hole
• Quasar-Mode Feedback in Nearby Type 1 Quasars: Ubiquitous Kiloparsec-Scale Outflows and Correlations with Black Hole Properties
• NuSTAR Spectroscopy of Multi-Component X-ray Reflection from NGC 1068
• Dynamical Measurements of Black Hole Masses in Four Brightest Cluster Galaxies at 100 Mpc
• Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-Type Galaxies: $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,sph}$ and $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,gal}$
• The Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Accretion and its Use as a Black Hole-Mass Estimator
• Megamaser Disks Reveal a Broad Distribution of Black Hole Mass in Spiral Galaxies
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project VIII. A Geometric Distance to NGC 5765b
• Effect of a dark matter halo on the determination of black hole masses
• Hunting for Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. V. An Angular Diameter Distance to NGC 6264 at 140 Mpc
• The spatially resolved broad line region of IRAS 09149-6206
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. VI. Observations of NGC 6323
• NuSTAR unveils a Compton-thick Type 2 quasar in Mrk 34
• New evidence for the ubiquity of prominent polar dust emission in AGN on tens of parsec scales
• On the masses of OJ287 black holes
• Dynamics of warped accretion discs
• A search for HI absorption in nearby radio galaxies using HIPASS
• NuSTAR observations of water megamaser AGN
• A comprehensive analysis of the hard X-ray spectra of bright Seyfert galaxies
• Galactic nuclei evolution with spinning black holes: method and implementation
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Quasars Using Broad Optical and UV Emission Lines
• The Nuclear Near-Infrared Spectral Properties of Nearby Galaxies
• Black hole shadow as a standard ruler in cosmology
• WISDOM Project - I: Black Hole Mass Measurement Using Molecular Gas Kinematics in NGC 3665
• Do Circumnuclear Dense Gas Disks Drive Mass Accretion onto Supermassive Black Holes?
• Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Low-mass Black Holes
• Black Hole Mass Measurements of Radio Galaxies NGC 315 and NGC 4261 Using ALMA CO Observations
• The Black Hole - Bulge Mass Relation in Megamaser Host Galaxies
• The Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project.IX. Black hole masses for three maser galaxies
• Further Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole Mass - Pitch Angle Relation
• Measurement of the Black Hole Mass in NGC 1332 from ALMA Observations at 0.044 Arcsecond Resolution
• Broadband study of hard X-ray selected absorbed AGN
• A Measurement of the Black-Hole Mass in NGC 1097 using ALMA
• A Local Baseline of the Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Active Galaxies. III. The BH mass - $\sigma$ relation
• Black hole mass estimation for Active Galactic Nuclei from a new angle
• MRK 1216 & NGC 1277 - An orbit-based dynamical analysis of compact, high velocity dispersion galaxies
• An upper limit to the velocity dispersion of relaxed stellar systems without massive black holes
• BASS XXVI: DR2 Host Galaxy Stellar Velocity Dispersions
• A quartet of black holes and a missing duo: probing the low-end of the Mbh - sigma relation with the adaptive optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy
• WISDOM project -- V. Resolving molecular gas in Keplerian rotation around the supermassive black hole in NGC 0383
• New Compton-thick AGN in the circumnuclear water maser hosts UGC3 789 and NGC 6264
• A Precision Measurement of the Mass of the Black Hole in NGC 3258 from High-Resolution ALMA Observations of its Circumnuclear Disk
• Search for X-ray occultations in Active Galactic Nuclei
• ALMA Observations of Circumnuclear Disks in Early Type Galaxies: 12CO(2-1) and Continuum Properties
• The Chandra Deep Wide-Field Survey: A New Chandra Legacy Survey in the Boötes Field I. X-ray Point Source Catalog, Number Counts and Multi-Wavelength Counterparts
• CHANG-ES VII: Magnetic outflows from the Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4388
• X-ray bolometric corrections for Compton-thick active galactic nuclei
• Toward Precision Black Hole Masses with ALMA: NGC 1332 as a Case Study in Molecular Disk Dynamics
• A growth-rate indicator for Compton-thick active galactic nuclei
• A New Black Hole Mass Estimate for Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
• Star Formation in Quasar Disk
• How to constrain mass and spin of supermassive black holes through their disk emission
• Revolutionizing Our Understanding of AGN Feedback and its Importance to Galaxy Evolution in the Era of the Next Generation Very Large Array
• Towards Precision Supermassive Black Hole Masses using Megamaser Disks
• Optical Properties of Host Galaxies of Extragalactic Nuclear Water Masers
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. VII. Investigating disk physics using spectral monitoring observations
• Investigating AGN Black Hole Masses and the M-${\sigma }_e$ relation for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Investigating the dusty torus of Seyfert galaxies using SOFIA/FORCAST photometry
• Black hole mass measurement using ALMA observations of [CI] and CO emissions in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7469
• Using Megamaser Disks to Probe Black Hole Accretion
• A hard look at local, optically-selected, obscured Seyfert galaxies
• Searching for molecular gas in/outflows in the nuclear regions of five Seyfert galaxies
• A new cosmological probe using super-massive black hole shadows
• Was 49b: An Overmassive AGN in a Merging Dwarf Galaxy?
• Refining the M_BH-V_c scaling relation with HI rotation curves of water megamaser galaxies
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XI. A geometric distance to CGCG 074-064
• A Chandra Survey of Supermassive Black Holes with Dynamical Mass Measurements
• Is there a black hole in NGC 4382?
• Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies: an amasing class of AGN
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. X. High Resolution Maps and Mass Constraint for SMBHs
• WISDOM Project -- VII. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in NGC 7052
• Water-Vapor Maser Disk at the Nucleus of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy IC 2560 and its Distance
• WISDOM project -- XIV. SMBH mass in the early-type galaxies NGC0612, NGC1574, and NGC4261 from CO dynamical modelling
• Submillimeter H2O Maser in Circinus Galaxy - A New Probe for the Circumnuclear Region of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The complex, dusty narrow-line region of NGC 4388: Gas-jet interactions, outflows, and extinction revealed by near-IR spectroscopy
• The Blackhole-Dark Matter Halo Connection
• The MBHBM${}^{\star }$ Project -- II. Molecular Gas Kinematics in the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 3593 Reveal a Supermassive Black Hole
• A Scaling Relation Between Megamaser Disk Radius and Black Hole Mass in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Searching for Intermediate Mass Black Holes in galaxies with Low Luminosity AGN: A multiple-method approach
• Enhancing the H2O Megamaser Detection Rate Using Optical and Mid-infrared Photometry
• Sub-arcsecond imaging of the water emission in Arp 220
• Double-peaked Lines, Dual VLBI Components, and Precessing Jets in J1328+2751
• Circumnuclear Molecular Gas in Megamaser Disk Galaxies NGC 4388 and NGC 1194
• WISDOM project -- VI. Exploring the relation between supermassive black hole mass and galaxy rotation with molecular gas
• Accretion disk versus jet orientation in H${}_2$O megamaser galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Measurements of Early-Type Galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 6861 Through ALMA and HST Observations and Gas-Dynamical Modeling
• On the equations of warped disc dynamics
• ALMA imaging of the cold molecular and dusty disk in the type 2 active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy
• Mass and spin of Kerr black holes in terms of observational quantities: The dragging effect on the redshift
• Kerr black hole in de Sitter spacetime and observational redshift: Toward a new method to measure the Hubble constant
• Measuring supermassive black hole peculiar motion using H${}_2$O megamasers
• Overlapping inflows as catalysts of AGN activity - II: Relative importance of turbulence and inflow-disc interaction
• OzDES Reverberation Mapping Program: Lag recovery reliability for 6-year CIV analysis
• The Relative Growth of Black Holes and of the Stellar Components of Galaxies
• High Sensitivity Observations of the Water Megamasers of NGC 1068: Precise Astrometry and Detailed Kinematics
• Circumnuclear Structures in Megamaser Host Galaxies
• SUNRISE: The rich molecular inventory of high-redshift dusty galaxies revealed by broadband spectral line surveys
• Smoke on the water: CO and H2O in a circumnuclear disc around a quasar at redshift 2.64
• An Accreting, Anomalously Low Mass Black Hole at the Center of Low Mass Galaxy IC 750
• A systematic observational study of radio properties of H2O megamaser Seyfert-2 galaxies
• A general relativistic mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes
• Water masers in Compton-thick AGN II. The high detection rate and EVN observations of IRAS 15480-0344
• On Estimating the Mass of Keplerian Accretion Disks in H2O Maser Galaxies
• 22 GHz Water Maser Search in 37 Nearby Galaxies - Four New Water Megamasers in Seyfert 2 and OH Maser/Absorber Galaxies
• A More Efficient Search for H2O Megamaser Galaxies : The Power of the X-ray and Mid-infrared Photometry
• Water megamaser emission in hard X-ray selected AGN
• The Hydroxyl-Water Megamaser Connection. I. Water Emission Toward OH Megamaser Hosts
• $H_0$ Tension on the Light of Supermassive Black Hole Shadows Data
• A general relativistic estimation of the black hole mass-to-distance ratio at the core of TXS 2226-184
• Modelling the structure of molecular clouds: I. A multi-scale energy equipartition
• A NICER Look at Strong X-ray Obscuration in the Seyfert-2 Galaxy NGC 4388
• Water vapour at high redshift: Arecibo monitoring of the megamaser in MG J0414+0534
• 183 GHz water megamasers in active galactic nuclei: a new accretion disk tracer
• Measuring the Obscuring Column of a Disk Megamaser AGN in a Nearby Merger
• Hidden Broad-line Regions in Seyfert 2 Galaxies: from the spectropolarimetric perspective
• The host galaxy of OJ 287 revealed by optical and near-infrared imaging
• Fundamental Reference AGN Monitoring Experiment (FRAMEx) III: Radio Emission in the Immediate Vicinity of Radio Quiet AGNs
• Observational redshift from general spherically symmetric black holes
• How to Detect Inclined Water Maser Disks (and Possibly Measure Black Hole Masses)
• The coronal temperature of NGC 4388 and NGC 2110 measured with INTEGRAL
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• VLBI observations of the H2O gigamaser in TXS2226-184
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Quasars at z~3 and Estimates of Their Supermassive Black Hole Masses
• The molecular H2 and stellar discs in the nuclear region of NGC 4258
• Assessing indirect methods to determine black hole masses using NGC 4151
• A search for water maser emission in nearby low-luminosity QSO host galaxies
• ALMA detection of millimetre 183 GHz H2O maser emission in the Superantennae galaxy at z ~ 0.06
• Estimating black hole masses in obscured AGN using X-rays
• Digging process in NGC 6951: the molecular disc bumped by the jet
• AGN and Megamasers
• The NuSTAR View of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 4388
• Linking the Supermassive Black Hole Growth with the Megamaser Emission
• Radio continuum of galaxies with H${}_2$O megamaser disks: 33 GHz VLA data
• The Phoenix galaxy as seen by NuSTAR
• Spectropolarimetric measurements of hidden broad lines in nearby megamaser galaxies: a lack of clear evidence for a correlation between black hole masses and virial products
• Estimating the mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes by employing a general relativistic method
• Warping and tearing of misaligned circumbinary disks around eccentric SMBH binaries
• A comprehensive X-ray view of the active nucleus in NGC 4258
• Water masers in Compton-thick AGN I. Detailed study of the new water megamaser in IRAS15480-0344
• Searching For the 380 GHz H2O emission from the High-z lensed QSO MG J0414+0534
• WISDOM Project -- XIX. Figures of merit for supermassive black hole mass measurements using molecular gas and/or megamaser kinematics
• Probing the Extent of Fe K$\alpha$ Emission in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei using Multi-Order Analysis of Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Data
• Cosmology and the Hubble Constant: On the Megamaser Cosmology Project (MCP)
• Observational window effects on multi-object Reverberation Mapping
• Mrk 1419 - a new distance determination
• WISDOM Project -- XXII. A 5% precision CO-dynamical supermassive black hole mass measurement in the galaxy NGC 383
• The Origin of Parsec-Scale Gaseous and Stellar Disks in the Galactic Center and AGNs
• Could kilomasers pinpoint supermassive stars?
• WISDOM project -- XVIII. Molecular gas distributions and kinematics of three megamaser galaxies
• Water megamaser and central black hole masses in a large sample of galaxies
• Warped Circumbinary Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Elucidating the global distribution of reprocessing gas in NGC 1194
• Revisiting Cosmic Distance Duality with Megamasers and DESI DR2 Observations: Model Independent Constraints on Early-Late Calibration
• Searches for H${}_2$O Masers toward Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• OzDES Reverberation Mapping Program: Stacking analysis with H$\beta$, Mg II and C IV
• Reviewing the GR Method for Estimating Black Hole Parameters of Megamaser Systems
• Extragalactic maser surveys
• Very Long Baseline Interferometry imaging of H2O maser emission in the nearby radio galaxy NGC 4261
• A STIS Atlas of CaII Triplet Absorption Line Kinematics in Galactic Nuclei
• IC 485:a new candidate disk-maser galaxy at $\sim$100 Mpc distance. Milliarcsecond resolution study of the galaxy nucleus and of the $H_{2}O$ megamaser
• Toward measuring the spin of obscured supermassive black holes: a critical assessment with disk megamasers
• Radiation-Driven Warping of Circumbinary Disks Around Eccentric Young Star Binaries
• Thermodynamic and observational implications of black holes in toroidal geometry
• Water Maser Disk and a Supermassive Black Hole at the Nucleus of the Active Galaxy NGC 7738
• A search for H${}_2$O masers in 100 active dwarf galaxies
• A Decade of Near-Infrared Variability in NGC4388: Insights into the AGN Structure
• The Origin of Keplerian Megamaser Disks
• Mapping the Dynamics of Cold Gas around Sgr A* through 21 cm Absorption
• A restless supermassive black hole in the galaxy J0437+2456
• Cross-checking SMBH mass estimates in NGC 6958 -- I: Stellar dynamics from adaptive optics-assisted MUSE observations
• Searching Water Megamasers By Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy (I): Possible Mid-infrared Indicators
• Signatures of supermassive black hole binaries on maser systems
• Observing GW190521-like binary black holes and their environment with LISA
• Massive black holes and their galaxies
• Long term Arecibo monitoring of the water megamaser in MG J0414+0534