The M-sigma Relation in Local Active Galaxies

Abstract

We examine whether active galaxies obey the same relation between black hole mass and stellar velocity dispersion as inactive systems, using the largest published sample of velocity dispersions for active nuclei to date. The combination of 56 original measurements with objects from the literature not only increases the sample from the 15 considered previously to 88 objects, but allows us to cover an unprecedented range in both stellar velocity dispersion (30--268 km/s) and black hole mass (10^5-10^8.6 M_sun). In the M-sigma relation of active galaxies we find a lower zeropoint than the best-fit relation of Tremaine et al. (2002) for inactive galaxies, and an intrinsic scatter of 0.4 dex. There is also evidence for a flatter slope at low black hole masses. We discuss potential contributors to the observed offsets, including variations in the geometry of the broad-line region, evolution in the M-sigma relation, and differential growth between black holes and galaxy bulges.

to appear in ApJL; 4 pages, 1 figure; uses emulateapj5.sty

References in corpus (31)

• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• Energy input from quasars regulates the growth and activity of black holes and their host galaxies
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• Reverberation Measurements for 17 Quasars and the Size-Mass-Luminosity Relations in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database
• A Unified Model for the Evolution of Galaxies and Quasars
• Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes
• Dynamics of line-driven disk winds in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galaxies Using the Halpha Emission Line
• The Relationship Between Luminosity and Broad-Line Region Size in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei: I. Comparing the Photoionization and Reverberation Techniques
• Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Calibration of the M-sigma Relationship for AGNs
• Dynamics of Line-Driven Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei II: Effects of Disk Radiation
• Black Hole Mass Estimates from Reverberation Mapping and from Spatially Resolved Kinematics
• A Low-Mass Central Black Hole in the Bulgeless Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395
• Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395. I. A Reverberation-Based Measurement of the Black Hole Mass
• Active Galactic Nuclei with Candidate Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Consistency of Black Hole Masses in Quiescent and Active Galaxies
• Resolved Molecular Gas in a Quasar Host Galaxy at Redshift z=6.42
• A Comparison of Stellar and Gaseous Kinematics in the Nuclei of Active Galaxies
• POX 52: A Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy With An Intermediate-Mass Black Hole
• The Black Hole-Bulge Relationship in QSOs
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: I. Sample Selection
• Dwarf Seyfert 1 Nuclei and the Low-Mass End of the M-sigma Relation
• The Relationship Between Black Hole Mass and Velocity Dispersion in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• [O II] Emission in Quasar Host Galaxies: Evidence for a Suppressed Star Formation Efficiency
• The relation between black hole mass and velocity dispersion at z~0.37
• The Impact of Energy Feedback on Quasar Evolution and Black Hole Demographics
• The black hole mass versus velocity dispersion relation in QSOs/Active Galactic Nuclei: observational appearance and black hole growth

Cited by in corpus (166)

• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies
• Relations Between Central Black Hole Mass and Total Galaxy Stellar Mass in the Local Universe
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Active Massive Black Holes
• Biases in Virial Black Hole Masses: An SDSS Perspective
• Self-Consistent Models of the AGN and Black Hole Populations: Duty Cycles, Accretion Rates, and the Mean Radiative Efficiency
• Gravitational waves from scattering of stellar-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Probing the Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies Using Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Hosts
• A New Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies
• The Quasar Accretion Disk Size -- Black Hole Mass Relation
• The Quasar Accretion Disk Size - Black Hole Mass Relation
• Formation of z ~ 6 quasars from hierarchical galaxy mergers
• Selection Bias in Observing the Cosmological Evolution of the Mbh-sigma and Mbh-L Relationships
• The Mass Function of Active Black Holes in the Local Universe
• How Mergers May Affect The Mass Scaling Relations Between Black Holes, Galaxies, and Other Gravitationally Bound Systems
• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• Fueling Low-Level AGN Activity Through the Stochastic Accretion of Cold Gas
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. III. Accurate Masses of Seven Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galaxies with Circumnuclear Megamaser Disks
• Supermassive black holes do not correlate with galaxy disks or pseudobulges
• Precise Black Hole Masses From Megamaser Disks: Black Hole-Bulge Relations at Low Mass
• CAIXA: a catalogue of AGN in the XMM-Newton archive III. Excess Variance Analysis
• The black hole mass -- stellar velocity dispersion correlation: bulges versus pseudobulges
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galactic Nuclei Using the MgII 2800 Emission Line
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M_BH-sigma Relation at z=0.36
• Quasar Luminosity Functions from Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Exploring the Low-Mass End of The M-Sigma Relation with Active Galaxies
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. III. The M-sigma relation in the last six billion years
• Constraints on Black Hole Growth, Quasar Lifetimes, and Eddington Ratio Distributions from the SDSS Broad Line Quasar Black Hole Mass Function
• Black Holes in Pseudobulges and Spheroidals: A Change in the Black Hole-Bulge Scaling Relations at Low Mass
• Do quiescent and active galaxies have different M_BH-sigma relations?
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. II: Scaling Relations at z=0.36
• Accretion Rate and the Physical Nature of Unobscured Active Galaxies
• The Black Hole Mass Scale of Classical and Pseudo Bulges in Active Galaxies
• Recalibration of the virial factor and M-sigma relation for local active galaxies
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project: Recalibrating Single-Epoch Virial Black Hole Mass Estimates
• Are luminous radio-loud active galactic nuclei triggered by galaxy interactions?
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: No Evidence for Evolution in the M-sigma Relation to z~1
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. IV. The BH Mass - Spheroid Luminosity Relation
• The Origin of Double-Peaked Narrow Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei I: Very Large Array Detections of Dual AGNs and AGN Outflows
• Mergers in Double-Peaked [O III] Active Galactic Nuclei
• Hidden AGN in dwarf galaxies revealed by MaNGA: light echoes, off-nuclear wanderers, and a new broad-line AGN
• A Connection Between Bulge Properties and the Bimodality of Galaxies
• A Local Baseline of the Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Active Galaxies. I. Methodology and Results of Pilot Study
• The optical morphologies of the 2Jy sample of radio galaxies: evidence for galaxy interactions
• On the radiative efficiencies, Eddington ratios, and duty cycles of luminous high-redshift quasars
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2011: Reverberation Mapping of Markarian 50
• Measuring Stellar Velocity Dispersions in Active Galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. I. $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{sph}}$
• Calibrating the correlation between black hole mass and X-ray variability amplitude: X-ray only black hole mass estimates for active galactic nuclei and ultra-luminous X-ray sources
• Redshift Evolution in Black Hole-Bulge Relations: Testing CIV-based Black Hole Masses
• The Host Galaxies of Low-mass Black Holes
• Luminosity Dependence in the Fundamental Plane Projections of Elliptical Galaxies
• Populating the galaxy velocity dispersion - supermassive black hole mass diagram: A catalogue of (M_bh, sigma) values
• A comprehensive and uniform sample of broad-line active galactic nuclei from the SDSS DR7
• The Black Hole-Bulge Relationship in Luminous Broad-Line Active Galactic Nuclei and Host Galaxies
• The Origin of the Intrinsic Scatter in the Relation Between Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Nearby Active Galaxies
• X-ray Properties of Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies
• Selection effects in the black hole-bulge relation and its evolution
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN at z=0.7
• First Results from the Lick AGN Monitoring Project: The Mass of the Black Hole in Arp 151
• Evidence for Rapidly Spinning Black Holes in Quasars
• Dynamical Constraints on The Masses of the Nuclear Star Cluster and Black Hole in the Late-Type Spiral Galaxy NGC 3621
• Low-Mass Seyfert 2 Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Revealing Hidden Substructures in the $M_{BH}$-$\sigma$ Diagram, and Refining the Bend in the $L$-$\sigma$ Relation
• The accretion ratios in Seyfert 2 galaxies with and without hidden broad-line regions
• The CO Tully-Fisher Relation and Implications for the Host Galaxies of High-Redshift Quasars
• Towards a Complete Census of AGNs in Nearby Galaxies: The Incidence of Growing Black Holes
• Upper Limits on the Masses of 105 Supermassive Black Holes from Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Archival Data
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project: Alternate Routes to a Broad-line Region Radius
• A local baseline of the black hole mass scaling relations for active galaxies. IV. Correlations between $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ and host galaxy $\sigma$, stellar mass, and luminosity
• Host Galaxies of Luminous Type 2 Quasars at z ~ 0.5
• Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Low-mass Black Holes
• Evolutionary Paths of Active Galactic Nuclei and Their Host Galaxies
• X-ray Properties of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies. II. X-ray-Bright Accretion and Possible Evidence for Slim Disks
• Unveiling a population of galaxies harboring low-mass black holes with X-rays
• Exploring the limits of AGN feedback: black holes and the star formation histories of low-mass galaxies
• A Catalog of 406 AGNs in MaNGA: A Connection between Radio-mode AGN and Star Formation Quenching
• Properties of Active Galaxies Deduced from H I Observations
• NGC6240: A triple nucleus system in the advanced or final state of merging
• High-frequency X-ray variability as a mass estimator of stellar and supermassive black holes
• AGN evolution from a galaxy evolution viewpoint
• LLAMA: The $M_{BH}$ - ${\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation of the most luminous local AGNs
• The Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei: I. Non-hidden Broad Line Region Seyfert 2 and Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Stellar Photometric Structures of the Host Galaxies of Nearby Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Spatial Clustering of Low Luminosity AGN
• Feedback from supercritical disk accretion flows; Two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of stable and unstable disks with radiatively driven outflows
• A Local Baseline of the Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Active Galaxies. III. The BH mass - $\sigma$ relation
• Black hole mass estimation for Active Galactic Nuclei from a new angle
• The M_bh-sigma diagram, and the offset nature of barred active galaxies
• Evidence for an intermediate line region in AGN's inner torus region and its evolution from narrow to broad line Seyfert I galaxies
• Star Clusters Around Recoiled Black Holes in the Milky Way Halo
• Relativistic plasma as the dominant source of the optical continuum emission in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 120
• Photometric Reverberation Mapping of the Broad Emission Line Region in Quasars
• Observational constraints on the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies
• The Low-mass, Highly Accreting Black Hole Associated with the Active Galactic Nucleus 2XMM J123103.2+110648
• A New H I Survey of Active Galaxies
• A Catalog of 220 Offset and Dual AGNs: Increased AGN Activation in Major Mergers and Separations under 4 kpc
• Glimmering in the dark: modeling the low-mass end of the $M_{\bullet }-\sigma$ relation and of the quasar luminosity function
• A Uniformly Selected Sample of Low-Mass Black Holes in Seyfert 1 Galaxies. II. The SDSS DR7 Sample
• Supermassive black holes in disk-dominated galaxies outgrow their bulges and co-evolve with their host galaxies
• A Catalog of AGN Host Galaxies Observed with HST/ACS: Correlations between Star Formation and AGN Activity
• A low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample: I. Overluminous host spheroidals or undermassive black holes?
• VLA Limits for Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Three Globular Clusters
• IRAS 13197-1627 has them all: Compton-thin absorption, photo-ionized gas, thermal plasmas, and a broad Fe line
• AGN Coronae Through A Jet Perspective
• Understanding AGN-Host Connection in Partially Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei. Part I: The Nature of AGN+HII Composites
• Optical Properties of Host Galaxies of Extragalactic Nuclear Water Masers
• Investigating AGN Black Hole Masses and the M-${\sigma }_e$ relation for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Radio morphology-accretion mode link in FRII low-excitation radio galaxies
• The host galaxy of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy RE J1034+396 with X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations
• A Trio of Massive Black Holes Caught in the Act of Merging
• On the relation between the mass of Compact Massive Objects and their host galaxies
• A HR-like diagram for galaxies: the M_BH versus M_G sigma^2 relation
• Modeling accretion disk emission with generalized temperature profile and its effect on AGN spectral energy distribution
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Fifth Image of SDSS J1004+4112 and Implications for the M_BH-sigma_* Relation at z=0.68
• Stronger Constraints on the Evolution of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\sigma }_{\ast }$ Relation up to $z\sim 0.6$
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: VI -- Stellar Populations
• Probing the M-sigma Relation in the Non-Local Universe Using Red QSOs
• A search for active galactic nuclei in low-mass compact galaxies
• The Host Galaxy of the Quasar HE 0450-2958
• Stellar and gaseous velocity dispersions in type II AGNs at 0.3<z<0.83 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Near Infrared Spectra and Intrinsic Luminosities of Candidate Type II Quasars at 2 < z < 3.4
• Variability of Moderate Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei at z=0.36
• A note on black hole masses estimated by the second moment in Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Low-Mass Active Galactic Nuclei with Rapid X-Ray Variability
• Active Galactic Nuclei with Double-Peaked Balmer Lines: I. Black Hole Masses and the Eddington ratios
• Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• The Relative Growth of Black Holes and of the Stellar Components of Galaxies
• Stellar kinematics in the nuclear regions of nearby LIRGs with VLT-SINFONI. Comparison with gas phases and implications for dynamical mass estimations
• Evolutionary Implications from SDSSJ085338.27+033246.1: A Spectacular N arrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy with Young Post-starburst
• The optical emission line spectrum of Mark 110
• Emission and Absorption Properties of Low-Mass Type 2 Active Galaxies with XMM-Newton
• Modeling active galactic nuclei: ongoing problems for the faint-end of the luminosity function
• UM 625 Revisited: Multiwavelength Study of A Seyfert 1 Galaxy with a Low-mass Black Hole
• The Complex Gaseous and Stellar environments of the nearby dual AGN Mrk 739
• Infrared spectroscopy of nearby radio active elliptical galaxies
• A correlation between the stellar and [Fe II] velocity dispersions in Active Galaxies
• X-ray Absorption and Optical Extinction in the Partially Obscured Seyfert Nucleus in Mrk 1393
• Discovery of soft and hard X-ray time lags in low-mass AGNs
• Probing nuclear activity versus star formation at z~0.8 using near-infrared multi-object spectroscopy
• Link between radio-loud AGNs and host-galaxy shape
• Understanding AGN-host connection in partially obscured active galactic nuclei. Part III: Properties of ROSAT-selected SDSS AGNs
• Insights Into AGN and Host Galaxy Co-evolution From Hard X-ray Emission
• A supersymmetric model for triggering Supernova Ia in isolated white dwarfs
• A Statistical Method to Search for Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Extrapolating SMBH correlations down the mass scale: the case for IMBHs in globular clusters
• 2D stellar population and gas kinematics of the inner kiloparsec of the post-starburst quasar SDSS J0330-0532
• The long-term broad-line responsivity in MKN 110
• A search for water maser emission in nearby low-luminosity QSO host galaxies
• The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
• What is the real accretion rate onto a black hole for low angular momentum accretion?
• The radio luminosity, black hole mass and Eddington ratio for quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Three Spectacular HII-buried-AGN Galaxies from SDSS
• A Statistical Study of H I Gas in Nearby Narrow-Line AGN-Hosting Galaxies
• Dynamical and thermal properties of the parsec-scale gases spherically accreted onto low luminous active galactic nuclei
• Global structure and dynamics of slowly rotating accretion flows
• Inferences on relations between distant supermassive black holes and their hosts complemented by the galaxy fundamental plane
• Effect of nuclear stars gravity on quasar radiation feedback on the parsec-scale
• Understanding the AGN-Host Connection in Broad Mgii Emission Selected AGN-Host Hybrid Qausars
• SDSS J143030.22-001115.1: A misclassified narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy with flat X-ray spectrum
• Shapes of galaxies hosting radio-loud AGNs with z \leq 1
• Detection of a radio-filled X-ray cavity within the interstellar medium of NGC 5141
• Keck/ESI Long-slit Spectroscopy of SBS 1421+511: A Recoiling Quasar Nucleus in An Active Galaxy Pair?
• The Eddington Ratio Distribution of Narrow Line Active Galactic Nuclei
• The black hole-star formation connection over cosmic time