An Accreting, Anomalously Low Mass Black Hole at the Center of Low Mass Galaxy IC 750

Abstract

We present a multi-wavelength study of the active galactic nucleus in the nearby ($D=14.1$ Mpc) low mass galaxy IC 750, which has circumnuclear 22 GHz water maser emission. The masers trace a nearly edge-on, warped disk $\sim$0.2 pc in diameter, coincident with the compact nuclear X-ray source which lies at the base of the $\sim$kpc-scale extended X-ray emission. The position-velocity structure of the maser emission indicates the central black hole (BH) has a mass less than $1.4\times 10^5{M}_{\odot }$. Keplerian rotation curves fitted to these data yield enclosed masses between $4.1\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }$ and $1.4\times 10^5{M}_{\odot }$, with a mode of $7.2\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }$. Fitting the optical spectrum, we measure a nuclear stellar velocity dispersion ${\sigma }_{\ast }=110.7_{-13.4}^{+12.1}$~{\rm km~s}${}^{-1}.$ From near-infrared photometry, we fit a bulge mass of $(7.3\pm 2.7)\times 10^8{M}_{\odot }$ and a stellar mass of $1.4\times 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$. The mass upper limit of the intermediate mass black hole in IC 750 falls roughly two orders of magnitude below the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\sigma }_{\ast }$ relation and roughly one order of magnitude below the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\mathrm{Bulge}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\ast }$ relations -- larger than the relations' intrinsic scatters of (0.58 $\pm$ 0.09) dex, 0.69 dex, and (0.65 $\pm$ 0.09) dex, respectively. These offsets could be due to larger scatter at the low mass end of these relations. Alternatively, black hole growth is intrinsically inefficient in galaxies with low bulge and/or stellar masses, which causes the black holes to be under-massive relative to their hosts, as predicted by some galaxy evolution simulations.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (81)

• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) for the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The Spitzer Space Telescope Mission
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation
• The M-sigma and M-L Relations in Galactic Bulges and Determinations of their Intrinsic Scatter
• The Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Data from SDSS-III
• Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• Relations Between Central Black Hole Mass and Total Galaxy Stellar Mass in the Local Universe
• Present-Day Growth of Black Holes and Bulges: the SDSS Perspective
• Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galaxies Using the Halpha Emission Line
• Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis with MILES. Part I: The Base Models and a New Line Index System
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes
• Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Active Massive Black Holes
• The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G)
• A 4% Geometric Distance to the Galaxy NGC4258 from Orbital Motions in a Nuclear Gas Disk
• A 3 dimensional diagnostic diagram for Seyfert 2s: probing X-ray absorption and Compton thickness
• ULySS: A Full Spectrum Fitting Package
• Evolutionary synthesis of galaxies at high spectral resolution with the code PEGASE-HR
• The Ursa Major Cluster of Galaxies. IV ; HI synthesis observations
• A Warped Accretion Disk and Wide Angle Outflow in the Inner Parsec of the Circinus Galaxy
• Modeling reverberation mapping data II: dynamical modeling of the Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2008 dataset
• The dark nemesis of galaxy formation: why hot haloes trigger black hole growth and bring star formation to an end
• Toward a New Geometric Distance to the Active Galaxy NGC 4258. III. Final Results and the Hubble Constant
• POX 52: A Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy With An Intermediate-Mass Black Hole
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. III. Accurate Masses of Seven Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galaxies with Circumnuclear Megamaser Disks
• Black Holes on FIRE: Stellar Feedback Limits Early Feeding of Galactic Nuclei
• The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S${}^4$G): Precise Stellar Mass Distributions from Automated Dust Correction at 3.6 microns
• VLBI Imaging of Water Maser Emission from the Nuclear Torus of NGC 1068
• Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey
• The black hole mass - stellar velocity dispersion relation of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• The Lick AGN Monitoring Project: The MBH - sigma Relation For Reverberation-Mapped Active Galaxies
• Precise Black Hole Masses From Megamaser Disks: Black Hole-Bulge Relations at Low Mass
• Kinematics of the Local Universe XIII. 21-cm line measurements of 452 galaxies with the Nançay radiotelescope, JHK Tully-Fisher relation and preliminary maps of the peculiar velocity field
• A New Sample of (Wandering) Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies from High Resolution Radio Observations
• A ~50,000 solar mass black hole in the nucleus of RGG 118
• Galaxy groups and clouds in the Local (z~0.01) universe
• The Parsec-scale Radio Structure of NGC 1068 and the Nature of the Nuclear Radio Source
• Exploring the Low-Mass End of The M-Sigma Relation with Active Galaxies
• Comparing and calibrating black hole mass estimators for distant active galactic nuclei
• Do quiescent and active galaxies have different M_BH-sigma relations?
• Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Masses of the Central Black Holes in Nearby Low-mass Early-type Galactic Nuclei And the First Black Hole Determination for NGC 205
• A Population of Bona Fide Intermediate Mass Black Holes Identified as Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• Non-Keplerian rotation in the nucleus of NGC 1068: evidence for a massive accretion disk?
• Multimessenger Signatures of Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• The impact of bars on disk breaks as probed by S4G imaging
• Recalibration of the virial factor and M-sigma relation for local active galaxies
• Evidence for a Geometrically Thick Self-Gravitating Accretion Disk in NGC 3079
• The erratic dynamical life of black hole seeds in high-redshift galaxies
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project: IV. A Direct Measurement of the Hubble Constant from UGC 3789
• Action Dynamics of the Local Supercluster
• The First Massive Black Hole Seeds and Their Hosts
• Megamaser Disks Reveal a Broad Distribution of Black Hole Mass in Spiral Galaxies
• Black Hole - Galaxy Scaling Relationships for Active Galactic Nuclei with Reverberation Masses
• The Black Hole -- Bulge Mass Relation including Dwarf Galaxies Hosting Active Galactic Nuclei
• An Extragalactic 12CO J=3-2 survey with the Heinrich-Hertz-Telescope
• A 10,000-solar-mass black hole in the nucleus of a bulgeless dwarf galaxy
• Prevalence of High X-ray Obscuring Columns among AGN that Host H${}_2$O Masers
• The Parsec-scale Accretion Disk in NGC 3393
• The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40 month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High Energy X-ray Source Population
• The reports of thick discs' deaths are greatly exaggerated: thick discs are NOT artefacts caused by diffuse scattered light
• The Black Hole - Bulge Mass Relation in Megamaser Host Galaxies
• Rotational Widths for Use in the Tully-Fisher Relation. I. Long-slit Spectroscopic Data
• Revisiting The Spectral and Timing Properties of NGC 4151
• A Local Baseline of the Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Active Galaxies. III. The BH mass - $\sigma$ relation
• Searching for Compton-thick active galactic nuclei at z~0.1
• New Compton-thick AGN in the circumnuclear water maser hosts UGC3 789 and NGC 6264
• Origin of non-keplerian motions of masers in NGC 1068
• A Uniformly Selected, All-Sky, Optical AGN Catalog
• Hard X-ray selected AGNs in low-mass galaxies from the NuSTAR serendipitous survey
• Effects of Inclination on Measuring Velocity Dispersion and Implications for Black Holes
• Optical Properties of Host Galaxies of Extragalactic Nuclear Water Masers
• A universal minimal mass scale for present-day central black holes
• The Evolution of Stellar Velocity Dispersion During Dissipationless Galaxy Mergers
• Dependence of optical Active Galactic Nuclei identification on stellar population models

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Hunting for Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• The Origins of Off-Centre Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• Misaligned magnetized accretion flows onto spinning black holes: Magneto-spin alignment, outflow power, and intermittent jets
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
• Identification of Intermediate-mass Black Hole Candidates Among a Sample of Sd Galaxies
• Extreme scale height variations and nozzle shocks in warped disks
• Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals in Milky Way Galaxies
• A search for H${}_2$O masers in 100 active dwarf galaxies
• Forming off-center massive black hole binaries in dwarf galaxies through Jacobi capture