Testing Rotating Regular Metrics as Candidates for Astrophysical Black Holes

Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope, a global submillimeter wavelength very long baseline interferometry array, produced the first image of supermassive black hole M87* showing a ring of diameter ${\theta }_d=42\pm 3\mu$as, inferred a black hole mass of $M=(6.5\pm 0.7)\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ and allowed us to investigate the nature of strong-field gravity. The observed image is consistent with the shadow of a Kerr black hole, which according to the Kerr hypothesis describes the background spacetimes of all astrophysical black holes. The hypothesis, a strong-field prediction of general relativity, may be violated in the modified theories of gravity that admit non-Kerr black holes. Here, we use the black hole shadow to investigate the constraints when rotating regular black holes (non-Kerr) can be considered as astrophysical black hole candidates, paying attention to three leading regular black hole models with additional parameters $g$ related to nonlinear electrodynamics charge. Our interesting results based on the systematic bias analysis are that rotating regular black holes shadows may or may not capture Kerr black hole shadows, depending on the values of the parameter $g$. Indeed, the shadows of Bardeen black holes ($g\lesssim 0.26M$), Hayward black holes ($g\lesssim 0.65M$), and non-singular black holes ($g\lesssim 0.25M$) are indistinguishable from Kerr black hole shadows within the current observational uncertainties, and thereby they can be strong viable candidates for the astrophysical black holes. Whereas Bardeen black holes ( $g\le 0.30182M$), Hayward black holes ($g\le 0.73627M$), and non-singular black holes ($g\le 0.30461M$), within the $1\sigma$ region for ${\theta }_d=39\mu$as, are consistent with the observed angular diameter of M87*.

arXiv comment14 pages, 9 figures. Published in ApJ

References in corpus (72)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• Formation and evaporation of non-singular black holes
• Regular Black Hole in General Relativity Coupled to Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report
• The Bardeen Model as a Nonlinear Magnetic Monopole
• Regular Magnetic Black Holes and Monopoles from Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Rotating regular black holes
• Testing the rotational nature of the supermassive object M87* from the circularity and size of its first image
• Measurement of the Kerr Spin Parameter by Observation of a Compact Object's Shadow
• Construction of Regular Black Holes in General Relativity
• Regular electrically charged structures in Nonlinear Electrodynamics coupled to General Relativity
• Regular phantom black holes
• Photon Regions and Shadows of Kerr-Newman-NUT Black Holes with a Cosmological Constant
• Testing the No-Hair Theorem with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum: II. Black-Hole Images
• Shadow of rotating regular black holes
• Generating rotating regular black hole solutions without complexification
• Hunting for extra dimensions in the shadow of M87*
• Non-Singular Charged Black Hole Solution for Non-Linear Source
• Apparent shape of super-spinning black holes
• Shadow of a rotating braneworld black hole
• Magnetically charged black holes from non-linear electrodynamics and the Event Horizon Telescope
• Null geodesics and shadow of a rotating black hole in extended Chern-Simons modified gravity
• The Extreme Spin of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1
• Rotating Regular Black Hole Solution
• Photon Rings around Kerr and Kerr-like Black Holes
• Shadows of Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet black holes
• Black Hole Parameter Estimation from Its Shadow
• Constraining the spin and the deformation parameters from the black hole shadow
• Black hole shadow in an expanding universe with a cosmological constant
• Silhouette of M87*: A new window to peek into the world of hidden dimensions
• Constraining the quadrupole moment of stellar-mass black-hole candidates with the continuum fitting method
• Black hole shadow in a general rotating spacetime obtained through Newman-Janis algorithm
• Regular black holes in quadratic gravity
• Measuring the Kerr spin parameter of regular black holes from their shadow
• Shadow cast and deflection of light by charged rotating regular black holes
• Shapes of rotating nonsingular black hole shadows
• New Type of Regular Black Holes and Particlelike Solutions from Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Confirmation Via the Continuum-Fitting Method that the Spin of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1 is Extreme
• Regular black holes with asymptotically Minkowski cores
• Extreme Gravitational Lensing near Rotating Black Holes
• Shadows of Multi-Black Holes: Analytic Exploration
• Weak gravitational lensing of regular black holes with cosmic strings using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• Deflection of light by rotating regular black holes using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• Towards the event horizon -- the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center
• Radiating Kerr-like regular black hole
• EHT constraint on the ultralight scalar hair of the M87 supermassive black hole
• Circular geodesics of Bardeen and Ayon-Beato-Garcia regular black-hole and no-horizon spacetimes
• Shadows of rotating five-dimensional charged EMCS black holes
• Analytical representation for metrics of scalarized Einstein-Maxwell black holes and their shadows
• Understanding photon sphere and black hole shadow in dynamically evolving spacetimes
• Energetics and optical properties of $6$-dimensional rotating black hole in pure Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Regular black holes in $f(T)$ Gravity through a nonlinear electrodynamics source
• Analytical calculation of black hole spin using deformation of the shadow
• Comment on "Construction of regular black holes in general relativity"
• Shadows of Kerr-like black holes in a modified gravity theory
• Systematic Study of Event Horizons and Pathologies of Parametrically Deformed Kerr Spacetimes
• Comment on "Construction of regular black holes in general relativity"
• Chaotic shadow of a non-Kerr rotating compact object with quadrupole mass moment
• Black Hole Shadow as a Test of General Relativity: Quadratic Gravity
• Imaging a non-singular rotating black hole at the center of the Galaxy
• Regular phantom black hole gravitational lensing
• Shadows of CPR black holes and tests of the Kerr metric
• Motion of test particles in a regular black hole space--time
• Shadow of a rotating squashed Kaluza-Klein black hole
• Testing the Bardeen metric with the black hole candidate in Cygnus X-1
• Upper bound on the GUP parameter using the black hole shadow
• Collision of two general particles around a rotating regular Hayward's black holes
• Comment on "Generic rotating regular black holes in general relativity coupled to non-linear electrodynamics"
• Selected spherical photon orbits around a deformed Kerr black hole

Cited by in corpus (68)

• Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*
• Rotating black holes in $4D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its shadow
• Black holes with a cosmological constant in bumblebee gravity
• Superradiance evolution of black hole shadows revisited
• Tests of Loop Quantum Gravity from the Event Horizon Telescope Results of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• No-Hair Theorem in the Wake of Event Horizon Telescope
• Testing Horndeski Gravity from EHT Observational Results for Rotating Black Holes
• Testing Rotating Regular Metrics with EHT Results of Sgr A*
• Strong gravitational lensing by rotating Simpson--Visser black holes
• Einstein-Æther Gravity in the light of Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87*
• Superradiant evolution of the shadow and photon ring of Sgr A${}^{\star }$
• Parameters estimation and strong gravitational lensing of nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes
• Shadow and deflection angle of rotating black hole in asymptotically safe gravity
• An Upper Limit on the Charge of the Black Hole Sgr A* from EHT Observations
• Photon ring structure of rotating regular black holes and no-horizon spacetimes
• Constraints on Barrow entropy from M87* and S2 star observations
• Investigating strong gravitational lensing effects by suppermassive black holes with Horndeski gravity
• Strong field gravitational lensing by hairy Kerr black holes
• Testing strong gravitational lensing effects by supermassive compact objects with regular spacetimes
• Investigating Loop Quantum Gravity with EHT Observational Effects of Rotating Black holes
• Rotating Black Holes in Horndeski Gravity: Thermodynamic and Gravitational Lensing
• Some Observable Physical Properties of the Higher Dimensional dS/AdS Black Holes in Einstein-Bumblebee Gravity Theory
• Event Horizon Telescope observations exclude compact objects in baseline mimetic gravity
• Quasinormal Modes and GUP-Corrected Hawking Radiation of BTZ Black Holes within Modified Gravity Frameworks
• Quasinormal modes-shadow correspondence for rotating regular black holes
• Rotating black holes in general relativity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
• Investigating effects of dark matter on photon orbits and black hole shadows
• Observational predictions of LQG motivated polymerized black holes and constraints from Sgr A* and M87*
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. II. Non-time-radial-symmetric and loop quantum gravity-inspired metrics
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. I. Time-radial-symmetric metrics
• Estimating the cosmological constant from shadows of Kerr--de Sitter black holes
• Black Hole Shadows in M-theory Scenarios
• Nonsingular Black Holes in $4D$ Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet Gravity
• Quasinormal modes and shadows of a new family of Ayón-Beato-Garc\'ıa black holes
• Testing EGB gravity coupled to bumblebee field and black hole parameter estimation with EHT observations
• Shadow of black hole surrounded by magnetized plasma: Axion-plasmon cloud
• Testing Born-Infeld $f(T)$ teleparallel gravity through Sgr A${}^{\star }$ observations
• EHT observables as a tool to estimate parameters of supermassive black holes
• Five dimensional rotating regular black holes and shadow
• Signatures of regular black holes from the shadow of Sgr A* and M87*
• Exploring Nonlinear Electrodynamics Theories: Shadows of Regular Black Holes and Horizonless Ultra-Compact Objects
• Ergosphere, photon region structure, and the shadow of a rotating charged Weyl black hole
• Signatures of the accelerating black holes with a cosmological constant from the ${\text{Sgr A}}^{\star }$ and ${\text{M87}}^{\star }$ shadow prospects
• Kerr-Newman Black Holes in Weyl-Cartan Theory: Shadows and EHT constraints
• Regular Rotating Black Holes: A Review
• Energy extraction from rotating regular black hole via Comisso-Asenjo mechanism
• Parameter estimation of Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson black holes using their shadows
• A Study of Black Holes in $F(R)-$ModMax Gravity: Gravitational Lensing and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Formation of regular black hole from baryonic matter
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. III. Covariant canonical quantum gravity models
• Shadows and parameter estimation of rotating quantum corrected black holes and constraints from EHT observation of M87* and Sgr A*
• Viable wormhole solution in Bopp-Podolsky electrodynamics
• Black hole in a generalized Chaplygin-Jacobi dark fluid: shadow and light deflection angle
• Spacetime Measurements with the Photon Ring
• Can we know about black hole thermodynamics through shadows?
• Modified Kerr black holes surrounded by dark matter spike
• Image of Quantum Improved Regular Kerr Black Hole and Parameter Constraints from EHT Observations
• Signatures of regular black holes from the quasar continuum spectrum
• A new class of anisotropic rotating fluids and some throat-like sources for Kerr metric as examples
• Shadow analysis of an approximate rotating black hole solution with weakly coupled global monopole charge
• Is it possible to distinguish between different black hole solutions using the Shapiro time delay?
• Horizon-Brightened Acceleration Radiation and Optical Signatures of Generic Regular Black Holes from Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Optical and orbital characterization of spherically symmetric static black holes of self-gravitating new nonlinear electrodynamics model
• Physically viable rotating mass solutions surrounding Kerr black hole
• The irreducible mass of a regular rotating black hole
• The eye of the storm: A regular Kerr black hole
• Strong field gravitational lensing of particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole