Testing strong gravitational lensing effects by supermassive compact objects with regular spacetimes

Abstract

We compare and contrast gravitational lensing, in the strong-field limit, by photon sphere in spherically symmetric regular electrically charged (REC) black holes ($0<b\le b_E$) and with those by corresponding REC no-horizon spacetimes ($b>b_E$). Here, $b$ is additional parameter due to charge and the value $b=b_E\approx 0.226$ corresponds to an extremal black hole with degenerate horizons. Interestingly, the spacetime admits photon sphere for $0<b\le b_P\approx 0.247$ and an anti-photon sphere only for $b_E<b\le b_P$. With no-horizon spacetime, images by lensing from the inside of the photon sphere ($u<u_{ps}$) can also appear. Interestingly, for the case $u<u_{ps}$ the deflection angle ${\alpha }_D$ increases with $u$. We analyse the lensing observables by modelling compact objects Sgr A*, M87*, NGC4649, and NGC1332 as black holes and no-horizon spacetimes. The angular position ${\theta }_{\infty }$ and photon sphere radius $x_{ps}$ decrease with increasing parameter $b$. Our findings suggest that the angular separations ($s$) and magnification ($r$) of relativistic images inside the photon sphere may be higher than those outside. Moreover, the time delay for Sgr A* and M87* can reach $\sim$ 8.8809 min and $\sim$ 12701.8 min, respectively, at $b=0.2$, deviating from Schwarzschild black holes by $\sim$ 2.615 min and $\sim$ 4677 min. These deviations are insignificant for Sgr A* because it is too small, but they are sufficient for astronomical observation of M87* and some other black holes. With EHT bounds on ${\theta }_{sh}$ of Sgr A* and M 87*, within $1\sigma$ region, placing bounds on the parameter $b$, our analysis concludes that the REC black holes agree with the EHT results in finite space, whereas the corresponding REC no-horizon spacetimes are completely ruled out.

arXiv comment20 Pages, 18 Figures, 5 Tables. Text matched with published version

References in corpus (78)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• Formation and evaporation of non-singular black holes
• Regular Black Hole in General Relativity Coupled to Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Schwarzschild black hole lensing
• Regular Magnetic Black Holes and Monopoles from Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• Gravitational lensing in the strong field limit
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI: Testing the Black Hole Metric
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole
• Strong field limit of black hole gravitational lensing
• Relativistic images of Schwarzschild black hole lensing
• Construction of Regular Black Holes in General Relativity
• Regular electrically charged structures in Nonlinear Electrodynamics coupled to General Relativity
• Regular phantom black holes
• Time delay and magnification centroid due to gravitational lensing by black holes and naked singularities
• Reissner-Nordstrom black hole lensing
• Non-Singular Charged Black Hole Solution for Non-Linear Source
• Constraints on black-hole charges with the 2017 EHT observations of M87*
• Gravitational Test Beyond the First Post-Newtonian Order with the Shadow of the M87 Black Hole
• Spacetime perspective of Schwarzschild lensing
• On the exact gravitational lens equation in spherically symmetric and static spacetimes
• Regular Black Holes and Topology Change
• Quasi-Equatorial Gravitational Lensing by Spinning Black Holes in the Strong Field Limit
• Black Hole Parameter Estimation from Its Shadow
• Parameter estimation of hairy Kerr black holes from its shadow and constraints from M87*
• Naked singularities and Seifert's conjecture
• Gravitational lensing by black holes in the $4D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Quasinormal modes of regular black holes
• Strong field gravitational lensing in the deformed Hǒrava-Lifshitz black hole
• Open and Closed Universes, Initial Singularities and Inflation
• Quasinormal Modes of Bardeen Black Hole: Scalar Perturbations
• Regular black holes: Electrically charged solutions, Reissner-Nordström outside a de Sitter core
• New Type of Regular Black Holes and Particlelike Solutions from Nonlinear Electrodynamics
• On the charge of the Galactic centre black hole
• Time Delay in Black Hole Gravitational Lensing as a Distance Estimator
• Gravitational lensing by charged black hole in regularized $4D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Black Hole Shadows of Charged Spinning Black Holes
• Gravitational Lensing by Rotating Naked Singularities
• Bardeen Regular Black Hole With an Electric Source
• Testing Rotating Regular Metrics as Candidates for Astrophysical Black Holes
• Testing Horndeski Gravity from EHT Observational Results for Rotating Black Holes
• Regular black holes in $f(T)$ Gravity through a nonlinear electrodynamics source
• Comment on "Construction of regular black holes in general relativity"
• Analytical approach to strong gravitational lensing from ultracompact objects
• Parameters estimation and strong gravitational lensing of nonsingular Kerr-Sen black holes
• Hayward black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes: a comprehensive treatment and the case of the star S2
• Relaxations of perturbations of spacetimes in general relativity coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
• $D$-dimensional Bardeen-AdS black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Comment on "Construction of regular black holes in general relativity"
• Strong gravitational lensing by an electrically charged black hole in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
• Photon ring structure of rotating regular black holes and no-horizon spacetimes
• Strong field gravitational lensing by a charged Galileon black hole
• Gravoelectromagnetic approach to the gravitational Faraday rotation in stationary spacetimes
• Generating dynamical black hole solutions
• Gravitational Lensing by Self-Dual Black Holes in Loop Quantum Gravity
• Investigating strong gravitational lensing effects by suppermassive black holes with Horndeski gravity
• Strong field gravitational lensing by hairy Kerr black holes
• Horizon structure of rotating Bardeen black hole and particle acceleration
• Radiating black hole solutions in arbitrary dimensions
• Constraints on a tidal charge of the supermassive black hole in M87* with the EHT observations in April 2017
• Bardeen Black Holes in the Regularized $4D$ Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet Gravity
• Nonsingular black hole chemistry
• Thermodynamics of a Bardeen black hole in noncommutative space
• Testing the Bardeen metric with the black hole candidate in Cygnus X-1
• Quasinormal modes of nonlinear electromagnetic black holes from unstable null geodesics
• Gravitational Collapse, Black Holes and Naked Singularities
• On Quasinormal Modes for Gravitational Perturbations of Bardeen Black Hole
• A note on electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations of the Bardeen de Sitter black hole: quasinormal modes and greybody factors
• Bardeen-like regular black holes in $5D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Gravitational lensing in the weak field limit by a braneworld black hole
• Gravitational collapse and naked singularities
• Higher Order Corrections in Gravitational Microlensing
• Gravitational lensing of transient neutrino sources by black holes
• Regular black holes with flux tube core
• Higher order corrections to lensing parameters for extended gravitational lenses

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Horizon-scale tests of gravity theories and fundamental physics from the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Tests of Loop Quantum Gravity from the Event Horizon Telescope Results of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• Investigating effects of dark matter on photon orbits and black hole shadows
• Conservation of distortion of gravitationally lensed images
• Testing EGB gravity coupled to bumblebee field and black hole parameter estimation with EHT observations
• Loop Quantum Gravity motivated multihorizon rotating black holes
• Regular solutions for black strings and torus-like black holes
• The Influence of Uniform Magnetic Fields on Strong Field Gravitational Lensing by Kerr Black Holes
• Observable Signatures of RN Black Holes with Dark Matter Halos via Strong Gravitational Lensing and Constraints from EHT Observations
• Shadows and Optical Appearances of Black Holes in $R^2$ Gravity
• The impact of gravitational lensing in the reconstruction of stellar orbits around Sgr A*
• Strong gravitational lensing by black hole in F(R) Euler Heisenberg Gravity's Rainbow
• Strong gravitational lensing of a five-dimensional charged, equally rotating black hole with a cosmological constant
• Distinguish Bardeen-like black holes by Gravitational lensing