General relativistic effects on the orbit of the S2 star with GRAVITY

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to investigate the detection by GRAVITY of different relativistic effects affecting the astrometric and/or spectroscopic observations of S2 such as the transverse Doppler shift, the gravitational redshift, the pericenter advance and higher-order general relativistic (GR) effects, in particular the Lense-Thirring effect due to the angular momentum of the black hole. We showed that the combination of S2 observations obtained with the GRAVITY instrument and the spectrograph SINFONI (Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared) also installed at the VLT (Very Large Telescope) will lead to the detection of various relativistic effects. Such detections will be possible with S2 monitorings obtained within a few months or years, depending on the effect. Strong constraints on the angular momentum of Sgr~A* (e.g., at $1\sigma =0.1$) with the S2 star will be possible with a simple stellar-orbit model without using a ray-tracing code but with approximating the gravitational lensing effect. However, long monitorings are necessary, and we thus must rely on the discovery of closer-in stars near Sgr~A* if we want to efficiently constrain the black hole parameters with stellar orbits in a short time, or monitor the flares if they orbit around the black hole.

22 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (9)

• An Update on Monitoring Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center
• An Improved Distance and Mass Estimate for Sgr A* from a Multistar Orbit Analysis
• Testing the general relativistic ''no-hair'' theorems using the galactic center black hole SgrA*
• Gravastar Shadows
• Models of rotating boson stars and geodesics around them: new type of orbits
• Periapsis and gravitomagnetic precessions of stellar orbits in Kerr and Kerr-de Sitter black hole spacetimes
• Investigating the Relativistic Motion of the Stars Near the Supermassive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• Analytical Kerr black hole lensing in the weak deflection limit
• On the Newtonian and Spin-induced Perturbations felt by the Stars Orbiting around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center

Cited by in corpus (29)

• Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole
• Orbital precession of the S2 star in Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity
• $f(R)$-gravity after the detection of the orbital precession of the S2 star around the Galactic centre massive black hole
• The dark mass signature in the orbit of S2
• Using the motion of S2 to constrain scalar clouds around SgrA*
• Unveiling the nature of SgrA* with the geodesic motion of S-stars
• Are nonsingular black holes with super-Planckian hair ruled out by S2 star data?
• Constraining Wormhole Geometries using the Orbit of S2 Star and the Event Horizon Telescope
• The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
• Precessing and periodic timelike orbits and their potential applications in Einsteinian cubic gravity
• Timelike bound orbits and pericenter precession around black hole with conformally coupled scalar hair
• Periodic orbits and gravitational wave radiation in short hair black hole spacetimes for an extreme mass ratio system
• Bound Orbits and Gravitational Wave Radiation Around the Hairy Black Hole
• Testing Horndeski gravity with S2 star orbit
• Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
• Multi-scale Constraints on Scalar-Field couplings to Matter: The Geodetic and Frame-Dragging Effects
• The Swansong of the Galactic Center Source X7: An Extreme Example of Tidal Evolution near the Supermassive Black Hole
• Black hole photon ring beyond General Relativity: an integrable parametrization
• Exploring the presence of a fifth force at the Galactic Center
• The impact of gravitational lensing in the reconstruction of stellar orbits around Sgr A*
• Future prospects for measuring 1PPN parameters using observations of S2 and S62 at the Galactic Center
• Kerr-scalaron metric and astronomical consequences near the Galactic Center black hole
• Investigating non-Keplerian motion in flare events with astrometric data
• Dark Matter reconstruction from stellar orbits in the Galactic Centre
• Probing a Lorentz-violating parameter from orbital precession of the S2 star around the galactic centre supermassive black hole
• GALLIFRAY -- A geometric modeling and parameter estimation framework for black hole images using bayesian techniques
• Analytic Post-Newtonian Astrometric and Spectroscopic Models of Orbits around Black Holes
• The effects of the spin and quadrupole moment of SgrA* on the orbits of S stars
• PPN--spin degeneracies in mock S62-like stellar-orbit inference