Exploring the presence of a fifth force at the Galactic Center

Abstract

Aims: The presence of a Yukawa-like correction to Newtonian gravity is investigated at the Galactic Center, leading to a new upper limit for the intensity of such a correction. Methods: We perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis using the astrometric and spectroscopic data of star S$2$ collected at the Very Large Telescope by GRAVITY, NACO and SINFONI instruments, covering the period from $1992$ to $2022$. Results: The precision of the GRAVITY instrument allows us to derive the most stringent upper limit at the Galactic Center for the intensity of the Yukawa contribution ($\propto \alpha e^{-\lambda r}$) to be $|\alpha |<0.003$ for a scale length $\lambda =3\cdot 10^{13}\mathrm{m}(\sim 200\mathrm{AU})$. This improves by roughly one order of magnitude all estimates obtained in previous works.

arXiv commentUpdated to match published version. Accepted on A&A

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