Unveiling the nature of SgrA* with the geodesic motion of S-stars

Abstract

Despite the huge improvements guaranteed by future GRAVITY observations of the S0-2 star, these will not be able to unveil the fundamental nature, whether black hole or wormhole, of the central supermassive object. Nevertheless, observing stars orbiting closer to the central gravitational source could allow to distinguish between the black hole and wormhole nature of this object at more than 5$\sigma$. Firstly, we have used publicly available astrometric and spectroscopic measurements of the S0-2 star to constrain the metric around the supermassive object without finding any evidence either favouring or ruling out the wormhole nature. Secondly, we have designed a mock catalogue of future observations of the S0-2 star mirroring the accuracy and precision of GRAVITY. Afterwards, we firstly tested our methodology showing that our procedure recovers the input model, and subsequently we demonstrated that the constraining power of such a dataset is not enough to distinguish between black hole and wormhole. Finally, we built some toy models representing stars orbiting much closer the central object than S0-2. We used these toy models to investigate which are the ideal orbital features and observational strategies to achieve our aim of unveiling the fundamental nature of the central supermassive object, demonstrating that a star with a period of the order of $\sim 5$ years and a pericentre distance of $\sim 5$ AU could identify the nature of the central object at almost 5$\sigma$ accuracy.

arXiv comment27 pages, 9 figures 5 tables

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• The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
• Testing Horndeski gravity with S2 star orbit
• Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
• Observational tests of quantum extension of Schwarzschild spacetime in loop quantum gravity with stars in the galactic center
• Estimating the parameters of Hybrid Palatini gravity model with the Schwarzschild precession of S2, S38 and S55 stars: case of bulk mass distribution
• Testing space-time geometries and theories of gravity at the Galactic Center with pulsar's time delay
• Constraining MOdified Gravity with the S2 Star
• Evaporation and information puzzle for 2D nonsingular asymptotically flat black holes
• Observational test of ${\mathcal{R}}^2$ spacetimes with the S2 star in the Milky Way galactic center
• Constraints on metric-affine gravity black holes from the stellar motion at the Galactic Center
• Future prospects for measuring 1PPN parameters using observations of S2 and S62 at the Galactic Center
• Constraining primordial black hole masses through $f(R)$ gravity scalarons in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Dark Matter reconstruction from stellar orbits in the Galactic Centre
• PyGRO: a Python Integrator for General Relativistic Orbits
• Extended Gravity Constraints at Different Scales
• Testing black hole space-times with the S2 star orbit: a Bayesian comparison
• Gravitational signatures beyond Newton: exploring hierarchical three-body dynamics
• Deciphering signatures of Kerr-Sen black holes in presence of plasma from the Event Horizon Telescope data